Consider the following:1. Kol Rebellion2. Santhal Hul3. Munda Ulgulan...
Key-Points
Kol Rebellion (1832) - The Kols were one of the tribes inhabiting the Chotanagpur area.
- They lived in complete autonomy under their traditional chiefs but this changed when the British came.
- Along with the British came the moneylenders and the merchants.
- The Kols then lost their lands to farmers from outside and also had to pay huge amounts of money in taxes. This led to many becoming bonded labourers.
- The British judicial policies also caused resentment among the Kols.
- There was an insurrection in 1831-32 which saw the Kols organise themselves and revolt against the British and the moneylenders.
Santhal Hul (1855-1856) - The Santhal Hul (also known as the Santhal revolt) occurred in the regions of present-day Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal against the British as well the Zamindari system from 1855 until 1856 when the movement was crushed by the British.
- When the Zamindari system was introduced in the Bengal presidency, the British and the Zamindars claimed the traditional Santhal land as their own.
- The Santhals were exploited mercilessly by the landlords who charged exorbitant rates of interest (sometimes as high as 500%) which ensured that the tribals were never able to repay their loans.
- They lost their land and also were turned into bonded labourers.
- They had to suffer extortions, forceful deprivation of property, abuse, and violence, cheating in business deals, wilful trampling of their crops, etc.
Munda Ulgulan (1899 – 1900) - The Mundas inhabited the Chotanagpur area.
- The Khuntkatti system, which was a joint holding of land, prevailed among the Mundas. But the advent of the British and the outsider-Zamindars replaced the Khunkatti with the Zamindari system. This caused indebtedness and forced labour among the tribals.
- There were many rebellions during the late 18th century and the 19th century against the British and the dikus (landlords, moneylenders, merchants).
- The Mundas were able to get an able and charismatic leader in Birsa Munda who proclaimed a rebellion in 1894.
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Consider the following:1. Kol Rebellion2. Santhal Hul3. Munda Ulgulan...
Chronological Order of Kol Rebellion, Santhal Hul, and Munda Ulgulan:
The correct chronological order of the given events is 1-2-3, which means Kol Rebellion happened first, followed by Santhal Hul, and then Munda Ulgulan.
1. Kol Rebellion:
Kol Rebellion, also known as Kol Rising, took place in the early 19th century in present-day Jharkhand, India. The Kol people, who were an indigenous tribal community, revolted against the oppressive policies of the British colonial administration. The rebellion was primarily a response to the exploitative land revenue system imposed by the British, which led to significant economic distress and displacement of the Kol community. The rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British authorities, but it left a lasting impact on the socio-political landscape of the region.
2. Santhal Hul:
Santhal Hul, also known as the Santhal Rebellion, occurred in 1855-1856 in the present-day states of Jharkhand, Bihar, and West Bengal. It was one of the most significant tribal uprisings during the colonial period. The Santhal community rose in rebellion against the oppressive zamindari system, exploitation by moneylenders, and the intrusion of outsiders into their traditional lands. Led by the brothers Sidhu and Kanhu, the Santhals fought bravely against the British forces but were ultimately suppressed. The rebellion had a profound impact on the formation of tribal identity and the subsequent tribal movements in India.
3. Munda Ulgulan:
Munda Ulgulan, also known as the Munda Rebellion or Munda Revolt, took place in 1899-1900 in the Chotanagpur region of present-day Jharkhand. It was a significant tribal uprising led by the Munda community against the oppressive policies of the British colonial administration. The rebellion was triggered by various factors, including forced labor, land alienation, and cultural suppression. The Munda people, under the leadership of Birsa Munda, fought against the British forces but were eventually suppressed. The rebellion played a crucial role in raising awareness about tribal rights and identity and inspired future movements for tribal autonomy and empowerment.
Thus, the correct chronological order of these events is 1-2-3, with the Kol Rebellion being the earliest, followed by Santhal Hul, and then Munda Ulgulan.
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