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A hydraulic jump occurs in the channel
- a)If the flow is controlled by a sluice gate
- b)If the bed slope changes from steep to mild
- c)If the bed slope changes from mild to steep
- d)Whenever the upstream flow is supercritical
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Hydraulic jump occurs whenever the upstream flow is supercritical.
A hydraulic jump is a sudden change in the flow of water in an open channel, resulting in a rapid rise in water depth and a change in flow velocity. It is characterized by a turbulent flow region followed by a smooth flow region. The occurrence of a hydraulic jump is influenced by various factors, such as flow velocity, channel slope, channel shape, and changes in flow conditions.
Supercritical flow:
In open channel flow, the flow regime can be classified as subcritical or supercritical based on the Froude number (Fr). The Froude number is defined as the ratio of flow velocity to the wave celerity (square root of gravity times flow depth). If the Froude number is less than 1, the flow is subcritical, and if it is greater than 1, the flow is supercritical.
Explanation:
When the flow in the channel is supercritical, it means that the flow velocity is higher than the wave celerity. In this situation, the flow is unstable and tends to form a hydraulic jump to dissipate the excess energy.
Importance of sluice gate, bed slope, and channel shape:
While a sluice gate can control the flow rate and discharge in a channel, it does not directly cause a hydraulic jump. Similarly, changes in bed slope or channel shape alone do not induce a hydraulic jump.
Relationship between supercritical flow and hydraulic jump:
When the flow is supercritical, it becomes unstable due to the excess energy. This unstable flow tries to adjust itself by forming a hydraulic jump. The hydraulic jump acts as an energy-dissipating mechanism, converting the excess kinetic energy into potential and turbulent energy. It reduces the flow velocity and increases the water depth, resulting in a stable flow downstream of the jump.
Conclusion:
Therefore, a hydraulic jump occurs whenever the upstream flow is supercritical. This phenomenon is a natural adjustment mechanism for high flow velocities and excess energy in an open channel. It plays a crucial role in preventing erosion and maintaining a stable flow regime downstream.
A hydraulic jump is a sudden change in the flow of water in an open channel, resulting in a rapid rise in water depth and a change in flow velocity. It is characterized by a turbulent flow region followed by a smooth flow region. The occurrence of a hydraulic jump is influenced by various factors, such as flow velocity, channel slope, channel shape, and changes in flow conditions.
Supercritical flow:
In open channel flow, the flow regime can be classified as subcritical or supercritical based on the Froude number (Fr). The Froude number is defined as the ratio of flow velocity to the wave celerity (square root of gravity times flow depth). If the Froude number is less than 1, the flow is subcritical, and if it is greater than 1, the flow is supercritical.
Explanation:
When the flow in the channel is supercritical, it means that the flow velocity is higher than the wave celerity. In this situation, the flow is unstable and tends to form a hydraulic jump to dissipate the excess energy.
Importance of sluice gate, bed slope, and channel shape:
While a sluice gate can control the flow rate and discharge in a channel, it does not directly cause a hydraulic jump. Similarly, changes in bed slope or channel shape alone do not induce a hydraulic jump.
Relationship between supercritical flow and hydraulic jump:
When the flow is supercritical, it becomes unstable due to the excess energy. This unstable flow tries to adjust itself by forming a hydraulic jump. The hydraulic jump acts as an energy-dissipating mechanism, converting the excess kinetic energy into potential and turbulent energy. It reduces the flow velocity and increases the water depth, resulting in a stable flow downstream of the jump.
Conclusion:
Therefore, a hydraulic jump occurs whenever the upstream flow is supercritical. This phenomenon is a natural adjustment mechanism for high flow velocities and excess energy in an open channel. It plays a crucial role in preventing erosion and maintaining a stable flow regime downstream.
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A hydraulic jump occurs in the channela)If the flow is controlled by a sluice gateb)If the bed slope changes from steep to mildc)If the bed slope changes from mild to steepd)Whenever the upstream flow is supercriticalCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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