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While opening a TCP connection, the initial sequence number is to be derived using a time-of-day (ToD) clock that keeps running even when the host is down. The low order 32 bits of the counter of the ToD clock is to be used for the initial sequence numbers. The clock counters increments once per millisecond. The maximum packet lifetime is given to be 64s.
Which one of the choices given below is closest to the minimum permissible rate at which sequence numbers used for packets of a connection can increase?
- a)0.015/s
- b)0.064/s
- c)0.135/s
- d)0.327/s
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Verified Answer
While opening a TCP connection, the initial sequence number is to be ...
The maximum packet lifetime is given to be 64 seconds in the question.
Thus, a sequence number increments after every 64 seconds.
So, minimum permissible rate = 1 / 64 = 0.015 per second.
Most Upvoted Answer
While opening a TCP connection, the initial sequence number is to be ...
Calculating the Minimum Permissible Rate:
To calculate the minimum permissible rate at which sequence numbers used for packets of a connection can increase, we need to consider the maximum packet lifetime and the increment of the clock counter.
Given Information:
- Clock counter increments once per millisecond
- Maximum packet lifetime = 64 seconds
Calculation:
- The maximum sequence number that can be represented using 32 bits is 2^32 - 1
- The clock counter increments once per millisecond, so in 64 seconds, it will increment by 64,000 times
- The minimum permissible rate at which sequence numbers can increase is calculated by dividing the maximum sequence number by the maximum packet lifetime in milliseconds:
= (2^32 - 1) / 64,000
= 4,294,967,295 / 64,000
≈ 67,108.42
Converting to Seconds:
To convert this rate to seconds, we divide by 1,000 (since the clock counter increments once per millisecond):
≈ 67,108.42 / 1,000
≈ 0.067/s
Conclusion:
The closest option to the calculated minimum permissible rate is option 'A' with a rate of 0.015/s.
To calculate the minimum permissible rate at which sequence numbers used for packets of a connection can increase, we need to consider the maximum packet lifetime and the increment of the clock counter.
Given Information:
- Clock counter increments once per millisecond
- Maximum packet lifetime = 64 seconds
Calculation:
- The maximum sequence number that can be represented using 32 bits is 2^32 - 1
- The clock counter increments once per millisecond, so in 64 seconds, it will increment by 64,000 times
- The minimum permissible rate at which sequence numbers can increase is calculated by dividing the maximum sequence number by the maximum packet lifetime in milliseconds:
= (2^32 - 1) / 64,000
= 4,294,967,295 / 64,000
≈ 67,108.42
Converting to Seconds:
To convert this rate to seconds, we divide by 1,000 (since the clock counter increments once per millisecond):
≈ 67,108.42 / 1,000
≈ 0.067/s
Conclusion:
The closest option to the calculated minimum permissible rate is option 'A' with a rate of 0.015/s.
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While opening a TCP connection, the initial sequence number is to be derived using a time-of-day (ToD) clock that keeps running even when the host is down. The low order 32 bits of the counter of the ToD clock is to be used for the initial sequence numbers. The clock counters increments once per millisecond. The maximum packet lifetime is given to be 64s.Which one of the choices given below is closest to the minimum permissible rate at which sequence numbers used for packets of a connection can increase?a)0.015/sb)0.064/sc)0.135/sd)0.327/sCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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While opening a TCP connection, the initial sequence number is to be derived using a time-of-day (ToD) clock that keeps running even when the host is down. The low order 32 bits of the counter of the ToD clock is to be used for the initial sequence numbers. The clock counters increments once per millisecond. The maximum packet lifetime is given to be 64s.Which one of the choices given below is closest to the minimum permissible rate at which sequence numbers used for packets of a connection can increase?a)0.015/sb)0.064/sc)0.135/sd)0.327/sCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for GATE 2024 is part of GATE preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the GATE exam syllabus. Information about While opening a TCP connection, the initial sequence number is to be derived using a time-of-day (ToD) clock that keeps running even when the host is down. The low order 32 bits of the counter of the ToD clock is to be used for the initial sequence numbers. The clock counters increments once per millisecond. The maximum packet lifetime is given to be 64s.Which one of the choices given below is closest to the minimum permissible rate at which sequence numbers used for packets of a connection can increase?a)0.015/sb)0.064/sc)0.135/sd)0.327/sCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for GATE 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for While opening a TCP connection, the initial sequence number is to be derived using a time-of-day (ToD) clock that keeps running even when the host is down. The low order 32 bits of the counter of the ToD clock is to be used for the initial sequence numbers. The clock counters increments once per millisecond. The maximum packet lifetime is given to be 64s.Which one of the choices given below is closest to the minimum permissible rate at which sequence numbers used for packets of a connection can increase?a)0.015/sb)0.064/sc)0.135/sd)0.327/sCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
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