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Eight voice signals, each limited to 4 kHz and sampled at Nyquist rate, are converted into binary PCM signal using 256 quantization levels. The bit transmission rate for the time-division multiplexed signal will be (in kbps)____
Correct answer is '512'. Can you explain this answer?
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Eight voice signals, each limited to 4 kHz and sampled at Nyquist rat...
Nyquist rate = 4×103×2 = 8×103 samples/sec
256 levels = 8 bits.
So one sample is represented by 8 -bit. So total = 8×8×103 bits/sec
For 8 voice signal = 8×8×8×103 bits/sec
= 512 kbps
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Eight voice signals, each limited to 4 kHz and sampled at Nyquist rat...

Calculation of Bit Transmission Rate for Time-Division Multiplexed Signal

1. Given Information:
- Number of voice signals = 8
- Each signal is limited to 4 kHz
- Sampled at Nyquist rate
- Quantization levels = 256

2. Calculation of Bandwidth Required:
- Since each voice signal is limited to 4 kHz, the total bandwidth required for all 8 signals = 8 * 4 kHz = 32 kHz

3. Calculation of Bit Depth:
- With 256 quantization levels, the number of bits required to represent each sample = log2(256) = 8 bits

4. Calculation of Bit Rate:
- The bit rate for a single voice signal = 4 kHz * 8 bits = 32 kbps
- Total bit rate for all 8 signals = 8 * 32 kbps = 256 kbps

5. Calculation of Time-Division Multiplexed Signal:
- In time-division multiplexing, each signal is allotted a specific time slot
- Since there are 8 signals, each signal will be allotted 1/8th of the time
- The total bit rate for the time-division multiplexed signal = 8 * 256 kbps = 512 kbps

Therefore, the bit transmission rate for the time-division multiplexed signal will be 512 kbps.
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Consider a simple communication system where multiple nodes are connected by a shared broadcast medium (like Ethernet or wireless). The nodes in the system use the following carrier-sense based medium access protocol. A node that receives a packet to transmit will carrier-sense the medium for 5 units of time. If the node does not detect any other transmission in this duration, it starts transmitting its packet in the next time unit. If the node detects another transmission, it waits until this other transmission finishes, and then begins to carrier-sense for 5 time units again. Once they start to transmit, nodes do not perform any collision detection and continue transmission even if a collision occurs. All transmissions last for 20 units of time. Assume that the transmission signal travels at the speed of 10 meters per unit time in the medium.Assume that the system has two nodes P and Q, located at a distance d meters from each other. P starts transmitting a packet at time t=0 after successfully completing its carrier-sense phase. Node Q has a packet to transmit at time t=0 and begins to carrier-sense the medium. The maximum distance d (in meters, rounded to the closest integer) that allows Q to successfully avoid a collision between its proposed transmission and P’s ongoing transmission is _____. Correct answer is '50 to 50'. Can you explain this answer?

Eight voice signals, each limited to 4 kHz and sampled at Nyquist rate, are converted into binary PCM signal using 256 quantization levels. The bit transmission rate for the time-division multiplexed signal will be (in kbps)____Correct answer is '512'. Can you explain this answer?
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