Explanation of Law of Independent Assortment with Dihybrid Cross:

Dihybrid Cross:
In a dihybrid cross, two different traits are studied simultaneously. For example, if we consider pea plants, we can study the inheritance of seed color (yellow or green) and seed shape (round or wrinkled) at the same time.

Law of Independent Assortment:
According to the law of independent assortment, alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during gamete formation. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait.

Illustration with Dihybrid Cross:
When we perform a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (YyRr x YyRr), where Y stands for yellow seed color, y stands for green seed color, R stands for round seed shape and r stands for wrinkled seed shape, we can observe the law of independent assortment in action.

Outcome of Dihybrid Cross:
The offspring of the dihybrid cross will exhibit a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio, which means that 9 individuals will have both dominant traits, 3 individuals will have one dominant and one recessive trait, 3 individuals will have the other pair of dominant and recessive traits, and 1 individual will have both recessive traits.

Conclusion:
By observing the phenotypic ratio in the offspring of a dihybrid cross, we can understand how the law of independent assortment works. This phenomenon demonstrates how genes located on different chromosomes are inherited independently of each other, following Mendel's principles of inheritance.