difference between test cross and back cross Related: Monohybrid, Dihybrid, Back and Reciprocal Cross?

Question

difference between test cross and back cross Related:  Monohybrid, Dihybrid, Back and Reciprocal Cross?

Answer

When an F1​ individual is crossed with one of the two parents from which it was derived, it is known as back cross. On the other hand, if an F1​ individual is crossed with recessive parent, both phenotypes appear in the progeny. Such back cross with recessive parent is said to be test cross.

Answer

Test cross: When F1 progeny crossed with recessive parents. Back Cross: It is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent.

Answer

Test Cross
Test cross is a breeding experiment performed to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. It involves crossing the individual with a homozygous recessive individual. The purpose of a test cross is to determine whether the individual with the dominant phenotype is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.

Procedure:
1. Select an organism with the dominant phenotype of interest.
2. Cross it with a homozygous recessive individual for the same trait.
3. Observe the phenotypic ratio of the offspring.
4. If all the offspring show the dominant phenotype, the individual being tested is homozygous dominant.
5. If the offspring show a 1:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes, the individual being tested is heterozygous.

Back Cross
A back cross is a breeding experiment performed to reintroduce a specific trait from a parent or ancestor into the offspring. It involves crossing the offspring with one of its parents or an individual with the desired trait. The purpose of a back cross is to retain or strengthen a specific trait in the offspring.

Procedure:
1. Select an offspring with the desired trait.
2. Cross it with one of its parents or an individual with the desired trait.
3. Observe the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the offspring.
4. If the offspring show the desired trait, the back cross was successful.
5. Repeat the back cross for several generations to ensure the trait is retained or strengthened.

Monohybrid Cross
A monohybrid cross is a breeding experiment performed to study the inheritance of a single trait between two individuals. It involves crossing two individuals heterozygous for a specific trait. The purpose of a monohybrid cross is to determine the pattern of inheritance and predict the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the offspring.

Dihybrid Cross
A dihybrid cross is a breeding experiment performed to study the inheritance of two different traits between two individuals. It involves crossing two individuals heterozygous for both traits. The purpose of a dihybrid cross is to determine the independent assortment of the two traits and predict the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the offspring.

Reciprocal Cross
A reciprocal cross is a breeding experiment performed to determine if the sex of the parent influences the inheritance of a trait. It involves crossing two individuals, switching the sexes as parents in subsequent crosses. The purpose of a reciprocal cross is to test if the inheritance pattern is influenced by the sex of the parent.

Summary
In summary, a test cross is performed to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype, while a back cross is performed to reintroduce a specific trait into the offspring. Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses examine the inheritance patterns of single and two different traits, respectively. Finally, a reciprocal cross tests if the sex of the parent influences the inheritance of a trait.

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