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Read the following four statements (i) - (iv) with certain mistakes in two of them.
(i) A water breather expends much more energy in ventilating its respiratory surface than an air-breathing one.
(ii) Lungs become empty after forceful expiration.
(iii) Exchange of gases in the lungs are interrupted during expiration.
Respiratory movement are controlled by CO2 concentration of arterial blood.
Which of the above two statements have mistakes?
  • a)
    (i) and (iv)
  • b)
    (ii)  and (iii)
  • c)
    (i)  and (ii)
  • d)
    (iii) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Read the following four statements (i) - (iv) with certain mistakes in...
Corrected statements:
(ii) Lungs do not become empty after a forceful expiration.
(iii) The exchange of gases in the lungs is not interrupted during expiration.
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Read the following four statements (i) - (iv) with certain mistakes in...
Mistake in Statement (ii):
The second statement, "Lungs become empty after forceful expiration," is incorrect. During forceful expiration, the lungs do not become completely empty. Some air always remains in the lungs, which is known as residual volume. This residual volume helps to keep the alveoli open and prevents the lungs from collapsing.

Mistake in Statement (iii):
The third statement, "Exchange of gases in the lungs are interrupted during expiration," is also incorrect. Gas exchange in the lungs continues during both inspiration and expiration. During inspiration, oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide from the bloodstream diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled. During expiration, the process is reversed, with carbon dioxide from the bloodstream diffusing into the alveoli to be exhaled and oxygen from the alveoli diffusing into the bloodstream.

Explanation:
- The first statement, "A water breather expends much more energy in ventilating its respiratory surface than an air-breathing one," is correct. Water breathers, such as fish, have gills that are less efficient in extracting oxygen from water compared to the lungs of air-breathing organisms. Therefore, water breathers need to ventilate their respiratory surfaces more actively and expend more energy to extract sufficient oxygen from water.
- The fourth statement, "Respiratory movements are controlled by CO2 concentration of arterial blood," is also correct. The primary stimulus for regulating respiratory movements is the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the arterial blood. When CO2 levels rise, the respiratory center in the brainstem is stimulated, leading to an increase in the rate and depth of breathing. Conversely, when CO2 levels decrease, the respiratory center is inhibited, resulting in a decrease in breathing rate and depth.

Conclusion:
Therefore, the mistakes are in statements (ii) and (iii).
Statement (ii) incorrectly states that the lungs become empty after forceful expiration, whereas in reality, some air always remains in the lungs (residual volume).
Statement (iii) incorrectly suggests that gas exchange in the lungs is interrupted during expiration, whereas in reality, gas exchange continues during both inspiration and expiration.
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Read the following four statements (i) - (iv) with certain mistakes in two of them.(i) A water breather expends much more energy in ventilating its respiratory surface than an air-breathing one.(ii) Lungs become empty after forceful expiration.(iii) Exchange of gases in the lungs are interrupted during expiration.Respiratory movement are controlled by CO2 concentration of arterial blood.Which of the above two statements have mistakes?a)(i) and (iv)b)(ii) and (iii)c)(i) and (ii)d)(iii) and (iv)Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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