Other than brahmana ,vaisyaas were prominent because vellalar community based on agriculture

Introduction:
During the period mentioned, the non-Brahmanas played a significant role in the social and political landscape of ancient India. Among them, the Shudras were the most prominent. This can be attributed to several factors, including their numerical strength, social and economic influence, and political participation.

Numerical strength:
- The Shudras constituted the largest section of the Indian society during this period. They were the working class and formed the majority of the population.
- As per the varna system, the Shudras were considered the lowest in the social hierarchy and were primarily engaged in menial tasks and labor-intensive professions.
- However, their large numbers gave them significant influence and bargaining power.

Social and economic influence:
- Despite their low social status, the Shudras were not entirely marginalized. Many of them held important positions in society, especially as skilled craftsmen, traders, and farmers.
- Their economic contributions were crucial for the overall prosperity of the society. They played an essential role in agriculture, trade, and craftsmanship, which were the backbone of the economy.
- The presence of prosperous Shudra merchants and artisans further enhanced their social standing and influence.

Political participation:
- The Shudras actively participated in the political affairs of ancient India. While they were excluded from the Brahmanical rituals and religious activities, they had a say in political decision-making.
- Many Shudra rulers and chieftains emerged during this period. They formed their own kingdoms and dynasties, challenging the hegemony of the Brahmanas and Kshatriyas.
- Some prominent examples include Gautamiputra Satakarni, a Shudra ruler who established the Satavahana dynasty, and Mahapadma Nanda, who founded the Nanda dynasty.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Shudras were the most prominent among the non-Brahmanas during this period due to their numerical strength, social and economic influence, and political participation. Despite their low social status, they played a crucial role in shaping the society and economy of ancient India. Their contributions cannot be overlooked, and their prominence challenges the notion of a rigid social hierarchy based solely on birth.