Right to Equality

The correct answer is option 'D', Right to Equality. The category of Fundamental Rights that incorporates protection against untouchability as a form of discrimination is the Right to Equality. This category of Fundamental Rights is enshrined in Articles 14 to 18 of the Indian Constitution.

Explanation:

Untouchability is a social evil that has been prevalent in Indian society for centuries. It is a practice where certain individuals or groups are considered "untouchable" or impure based on their caste or social status. The practice of untouchability has been a significant form of discrimination in Indian society, and it violates the principles of equality and dignity of individuals.

The Right to Equality, as guaranteed by the Indian Constitution, ensures that every citizen is treated equally before the law. It prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. Untouchability, being a form of discrimination based on caste, is explicitly addressed under the Right to Equality.

Key provisions:

The Right to Equality consists of several provisions that protect individuals against untouchability. Some of the key provisions are:

1. Article 15: This article prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. It specifically prohibits untouchability and states that it shall be abolished in any form.

2. Article 17: This article specifically abolishes untouchability and declares it to be an offense punishable by law. It prohibits the practice of untouchability in any form and provides for penalties for its enforcement.

3. Article 18: This article prohibits the conferment of any title by the State that is associated with untouchability. It states that no citizen shall accept any title from any foreign State that has been conferred on him/her by the State.

Importance and significance:

The inclusion of protection against untouchability under the Right to Equality is of utmost importance as it acknowledges the historical discrimination faced by certain individuals or groups based on their caste. By explicitly mentioning untouchability and providing for its abolition, the Constitution aims to eradicate this social evil and promote equality and social justice. It recognizes the dignity and equal rights of every citizen, irrespective of their caste or social status.

The protection against untouchability as a form of discrimination under the Right to Equality reflects the commitment of the Indian Constitution towards building a more inclusive and egalitarian society. It provides a legal framework to challenge and address instances of untouchability and ensures that individuals are not subjected to such discrimination based on their caste.