Largest DNA fragments form bands in elecrophoresis, closer to the side of: a. Cathode b. Anode c. Neither Cathode nor anode movement perpendicular to the field d. Area of gel with lesser density e. Both a and d

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Answer (a)smaller the fragment farther it moves i.e towards anode in presence of electric field and larger fragments remain towards cathode

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A

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Although DNA is -vely charged n v expect it to move towards anode, dis movement is again governed by factors like size of DNA fragment, density n pore size of medium used..so opt a

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Sam and sunidhi had explained well . the reason given by them are correct explanation of ur question.

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Anode  100%

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Answer (b) Since DNA is negatively charged,so it will formed closer to anode

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A.cathod

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A)

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Can anyone brief the reason for a option

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A option

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Introduction:
In electrophoresis, DNA fragments are separated based on their size and charge. The technique involves placing the DNA samples in a gel matrix and subjecting them to an electric field. The DNA fragments then migrate through the gel towards either the cathode or the anode, depending on their charge. The larger DNA fragments experience more resistance and migrate slower, resulting in their accumulation closer to a specific side of the gel.

The Role of Electric Field:
The electric field is established by connecting the power supply to the gel system. The positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the anode, while the negative terminal is connected to the cathode. The electric field generated by the power supply directs the movement of DNA fragments within the gel.

Movement of DNA Fragments:
DNA fragments migrate through the gel due to the attraction of the electric field. The negatively charged DNA fragments move towards the positively charged anode (opposite charges attract). However, their migration is impeded by the gel matrix, resulting in different rates of movement depending on the size of the fragments.

Separation of DNA Fragments:
As the DNA fragments move through the gel, they encounter resistance from the gel matrix. Smaller DNA fragments experience less resistance and migrate faster, while larger DNA fragments experience more resistance and migrate slower. This differential migration based on size leads to the separation of DNA fragments in the gel.

Formation of Bands:
The separated DNA fragments form distinct bands within the gel. The largest DNA fragments accumulate closer to the side of the gel that is connected to the cathode (negative terminal). This is because the negatively charged DNA fragments are attracted towards the positively charged anode (positive terminal) but migrate slower due to their larger size.

Explanation of Answers:
a. Cathode: The largest DNA fragments form bands closer to the side of the cathode. This is because the negatively charged DNA fragments are attracted towards the positively charged anode but migrate slower due to their larger size.
d. Area of gel with lesser density: The bands of larger DNA fragments accumulate in the area of the gel with lesser density. The gel density can vary depending on factors such as concentration and composition, and the bands tend to form in regions where the gel density is lower.

Conclusion:
In electrophoresis, the largest DNA fragments form bands closer to the side of the cathode, as they migrate slower due to their larger size. These bands accumulate in regions of the gel with lesser density, which can vary depending on the composition and concentration of the gel. Electrophoresis provides a valuable tool for separating and analyzing DNA fragments based on their size and charge.

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