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An electric dipole of moment p is placed in the position of stable equilibrium in uniform electric field of intensity E. This is rotated through an angle theta from the initial position. The potential energy of the electric dipole in the final position is
- a)− pEcosθ
- b)pE (1 − cosθ)
- c)pE cosθ
- d)pE sinθ
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Most Upvoted Answer
An electric dipole of moment p is placed in the position of stable eq...
To orient the dipole at any angle θ from its initial position, work has to be done on the dipole from θ = 0° to θ
∴ Potential energy = pE (1−cosθ)
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An electric dipole of moment p is placed in the position of stable eq...
Explanation:
When an electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field, it experiences a torque due to the interaction between the dipole moment and the electric field. This torque tends to align the dipole moment with the electric field.
Stable Equilibrium:
In the stable equilibrium position, the dipole moment is aligned with the electric field, meaning the dipole moment vector makes an angle of 0° with the electric field vector.
Rotation of the Dipole:
When the dipole is rotated from its initial position, the dipole moment vector makes an angle θ with the electric field vector. This rotation requires the application of an external torque.
Potential Energy:
The potential energy of an electric dipole in an electric field is given by the equation:
U = -pEcosθ
Where U is the potential energy, p is the magnitude of the dipole moment, E is the magnitude of the electric field, and θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the electric field.
Final Position:
In the final position, the dipole moment makes an angle of θ with the electric field. Therefore, the potential energy in the final position can be calculated as:
U = -pEcosθ
Answer:
The correct answer is option B: pE(1 - cosθ).
When an electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field, it experiences a torque due to the interaction between the dipole moment and the electric field. This torque tends to align the dipole moment with the electric field.
Stable Equilibrium:
In the stable equilibrium position, the dipole moment is aligned with the electric field, meaning the dipole moment vector makes an angle of 0° with the electric field vector.
Rotation of the Dipole:
When the dipole is rotated from its initial position, the dipole moment vector makes an angle θ with the electric field vector. This rotation requires the application of an external torque.
Potential Energy:
The potential energy of an electric dipole in an electric field is given by the equation:
U = -pEcosθ
Where U is the potential energy, p is the magnitude of the dipole moment, E is the magnitude of the electric field, and θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the electric field.
Final Position:
In the final position, the dipole moment makes an angle of θ with the electric field. Therefore, the potential energy in the final position can be calculated as:
U = -pEcosθ
Answer:
The correct answer is option B: pE(1 - cosθ).
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An electric dipole of moment p is placed in the position of stable equilibrium in uniform electric field of intensity E. This is rotated through an angle theta from the initial position. The potential energy of the electric dipole in the final position isa)− pEcosθb)pE (1 − cosθ)c)pE cosθd)pE sinθCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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