The historically significant region between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates is called Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia is a Greek word that translates to "land between two rivers," referring to the area located in present-day Iraq, Kuwait, and parts of Syria and Turkey. This region is often referred to as the cradle of civilization as it is one of the earliest centers of human civilization.

Mesopotamia was home to several ancient civilizations, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. These civilizations developed advanced systems of writing, mathematics, agriculture, and governance, laying the foundation for many aspects of modern society.

Key Features of Mesopotamia:
1. Geographical Location: Mesopotamia is located in the fertile crescent, a region that stretches from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers provided a reliable water source for agriculture, leading to the development of permanent settlements.

2. Agricultural Advancements: The fertile soil of Mesopotamia allowed for the cultivation of crops such as barley, wheat, and dates. To harness the water from the rivers, the ancient Mesopotamians built intricate irrigation systems, including canals and dikes.

3. City-States: Mesopotamia was organized into several city-states, each with its own ruler and government. The city-states were often in competition with one another and engaged in conflicts and alliances.

4. Writing System: The Sumerians of Mesopotamia developed one of the first known writing systems called cuneiform. This system used wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets and was used for administrative, economic, and literary purposes.

5. Legal Systems: The Code of Hammurabi, developed by the Babylonian king Hammurabi, is one of the most famous legal codes from Mesopotamia. It consisted of a set of laws that governed various aspects of society and established the principle of "an eye for an eye."

6. Architectural Achievements: Mesopotamia is known for its impressive architectural achievements, including the ziggurats - towering stepped structures that served as religious temples. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, were also located in Mesopotamia.

7. Trade and Commerce: Mesopotamia was a hub of trade and commerce, facilitated by its central location between different regions. The Mesopotamians traded goods such as textiles, metals, spices, and agricultural products with neighboring societies.

Overall, Mesopotamia played a crucial role in the development of human civilization, contributing to advancements in various fields and leaving a lasting impact on subsequent cultures and societies.