Chapter Morphology Families Asked in NEET1. Gramineae (Poaceae) Family:
- This family includes grasses, which are monocotyledonous flowering plants.
- Grasses have jointed stems called culms, alternate leaves with parallel venation, and small inconspicuous flowers.
- The inflorescence is usually a spikelet, which consists of several florets.
- Common examples of this family include wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, etc.
2. Solanaceae Family:
- The Solanaceae family includes plants with characteristic features such as alternate leaves, usually with a strong odor.
- They have bisexual, actinomorphic flowers with five sepals, five petals, and five stamens.
- The fruit is usually a berry or capsule.
- Some well-known members of this family include tomato, potato, eggplant, chili peppers, etc.
3. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Family:
- The Fabaceae family consists of plants commonly known as legumes or pulses.
- They have compound leaves with stipules, bisexual, zygomorphic flowers, and fruits called legumes.
- Legumes are characterized by nitrogen-fixing bacteria present in their root nodules.
- Examples include pea, lentil, chickpea, soybean, etc.
4. Liliaceae Family:
- The Liliaceae family consists of flowering plants with showy flowers and parallel-veined leaves.
- They have six tepals, six stamens, and a superior ovary.
- The fruit is usually a capsule or berry.
- Well-known members of this family include lilies, tulips, onions, garlic, etc.
5. Rosaceae Family:
- The Rosaceae family includes plants with simple or compound leaves and regular, bisexual flowers.
- The flowers usually have five sepals, five petals, and numerous stamens.
- The fruit is a pome, drupe, or achene.
- Examples of this family include apple, pear, strawberry, rose, etc.
6. Asteraceae (Compositae) Family:
- The Asteraceae family is one of the largest flowering plant families.
- They have composite flowers, which are actually inflorescences with many small flowers called florets.
- Each floret consists of a tubular corolla and five stamens.
- Common examples include sunflower, daisy, marigold, lettuce, etc.
7. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Family:
- The Brassicaceae family includes plants with four-petaled flowers arranged in a cross shape.
- They have simple leaves without stipules and siliqua or silicula fruits.
- Examples of this family include mustard, cabbage, radish, broccoli, etc.
8. Malvaceae Family:
- The Malvaceae family consists of plants with alternate leaves and regular, bisexual flowers.
- The flowers have five sepals