Increased Cucumber Production through Application of Phytohormones

Phytohormones, also known as plant hormones, play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in plants, including growth, development, and reproduction. The production of cucumber has significantly increased in recent years, and one of the factors contributing to this increase is the application of phytohormones. Among the given options (a) ABA, (b) Gibberellin, (c) Ethylene, and (d) Cytokinin, the correct answer is option 'C' - Ethylene.

Explanation:

1. Role of Phytohormones in Flowering
Phytohormones regulate the flowering process in plants. They control the development and differentiation of floral organs, as well as the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In cucumbers, the application of specific phytohormones can promote the production of female flowers, which ultimately leads to an increased yield.

2. Ethylene and Female Flower Production
Ethylene is a gaseous phytohormone that regulates various physiological processes in plants, including fruit ripening, leaf senescence, and flower development. The application of ethylene has been shown to promote the production of female flowers in cucumbers.

3. Ethylene and Sex Determination in Cucumbers
Cucumbers have separate male and female flowers on the same plant. The presence of female flowers is essential for fruit production because they possess the ovary, which develops into the fruit. Ethylene plays a crucial role in sex determination in cucumbers. It promotes the development of female flowers and inhibits the formation of male flowers.

4. Application of Ethylene for Increased Yield
By applying ethylene to cucumber plants, the production of female flowers can be promoted, resulting in a higher yield. Ethylene can be applied through various methods, such as foliar sprays or fumigation. The timing and concentration of ethylene application should be carefully controlled to ensure optimal results.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the application of ethylene, a phytohormone, has been found to increase cucumber production by promoting the development of female flowers. Ethylene plays a critical role in sex determination in cucumbers and can be applied through various methods to enhance yield. Proper timing and concentration of ethylene application are important factors to consider for achieving the desired results.