Eukaryotic cells are cells that have a true nucleus enclosed within a nuclear membrane along with other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Explanation:

True nucleus:

Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus that contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell. The nucleus is enclosed within a nuclear membrane that separates it from the cytoplasm. This allows for more efficient regulation of gene expression and cell division. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, have a nucleoid region that contains the DNA but is not enclosed within a membrane.

Membrane-bound organelles:

Eukaryotic cells have various membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions within the cell. These include mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Prokaryotic cells lack these organelles and instead rely on their cytoplasmic membrane to carry out various functions.

Mitochondria:

Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria, which are organelles responsible for energy production through cellular respiration. Prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria but instead have mesosomes, which are infoldings of the cytoplasmic membrane that play a role in cell division and energy production.

Endoplasmic reticulum:

Eukaryotic cells have both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which are involved in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification. Prokaryotic cells do not have endoplasmic reticulum but instead rely on their cytoplasmic membrane for these functions.

Ribosomes:

Eukaryotic cells have larger 80S ribosomes, while prokaryotic cells have smaller 70S ribosomes.

In summary, eukaryotic cells are different from prokaryotic cells in having a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes.

In true nucleus the protoplasm is surrounded by nuclear membrane. but in prokaryotic it does not occur.