The French Revolution was a period of major political and constitutional change in France that took place between 1789 and 1799. It had a profound impact on not only the French society but also on the political landscape of Europe. The revolution brought about several important changes, which can be summarized as follows:

a) End of Absolute Monarchy:
The French Revolution marked the end of the absolute monarchy in France. Prior to the revolution, France was ruled by King Louis XVI, who held absolute power and authority. However, the revolutionaries, inspired by Enlightenment ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity, sought to challenge and overthrow the monarchy. The revolution led to the execution of Louis XVI and the establishment of a republic, marking the end of the monarchy and the beginning of a new era in French politics.

b) Transfer of Power to the Citizens:
One of the key objectives of the French Revolution was to transfer power from the monarchy to the people. The revolutionaries believed in the sovereignty of the people and the idea that they should have a say in the governance of the nation. As a result, power was transferred from the monarchy to a body of French citizens, who played a significant role in shaping the course of the revolution and the subsequent political developments.

c) Proclamation of People as the Nation:
The French Revolution also brought about a fundamental change in the concept of nationhood. The revolutionaries proclaimed that henceforth, it would be the people who would constitute the nation and determine its destiny. They rejected the notion that the nation was synonymous with the monarchy and instead embraced the idea that the nation was a collective entity composed of its citizens. This shift in thinking laid the foundation for modern nationalism and had far-reaching implications for the development of constitutional and political systems in France and beyond.

d) All of the Above:
All of the above changes - the end of absolute monarchy, the transfer of power to the citizens, and the proclamation of people as the nation - were brought about by the French Revolution. These changes not only transformed the political landscape of France but also had a profound impact on the development of constitutional systems, the spread of revolutionary ideas, and the struggle for democracy in Europe and other parts of the world.

In conclusion, the French Revolution was a watershed moment in history that brought about significant political and constitutional change. It ended the absolute monarchy, transferred power to the citizens, and proclaimed the people as the nation. These changes had a lasting impact on the political landscape of France and beyond, shaping the course of history for years to come.