The first word in binomial nomenclature is the genus to which the organism belongs, and it is called the generic name. The second word is the name of the species to which the organism belongs, and it is called the specific epithet.

• Each scientific name in binomial nomenclature consists of two names, also called descriptors or epithets. The first word is the generic epithet and describes the genus that an animal belongs to. The second word is the specific epithet and refers to the species of the organism.

○ so option b is the correct answer.

Binomial nomenclature:
Binomial nomenclature is a system of naming organisms in which each organism is given a unique two-part name. This system was introduced by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century and is still used today in the field of taxonomy.

Two names in binomial nomenclature:
Binomial nomenclature consists of two names: the genus name and the species name. These two names together form the scientific name of an organism. The genus name is always written first and is capitalized, while the species name is written second and is not capitalized. Both names are usually italicized or underlined when written in print.

Genus name:
The genus name represents a group of closely related species that share common characteristics. It is a higher taxonomic rank than the species name. For example, in the scientific name for humans, Homo sapiens, "Homo" represents the genus name. Other species within the same genus include Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) and Homo habilis.

Species name:
The species name represents a specific organism within a genus. It distinguishes one species from another within the same genus. In the scientific name Homo sapiens, "sapiens" represents the species name. The species name is often descriptive and may indicate a characteristic or a geographical location associated with the organism.

Importance of binomial nomenclature:
Binomial nomenclature is important because it provides a standardized and universally accepted way to name and classify organisms. It allows scientists from different countries and backgrounds to communicate effectively about specific organisms without confusion or ambiguity. The use of Latin or Latinized names also helps to avoid language barriers.

Other categories:
The options mentioned in the question, such as family, variety, and order, are also important taxonomic categories, but they are not part of the binomial nomenclature system. Family and order are higher taxonomic ranks than genus, and variety is a lower rank than species. These categories are used to further classify organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, binomial nomenclature consists of two names: the genus name and the species name. These two names together form the scientific name of an organism. The genus name represents a group of closely related species, while the species name distinguishes one organism from another within the same genus. Binomial nomenclature is a standardized system that allows scientists to name and classify organisms in a universal way.