Bombay (now Mumbai) became a strong British stronghold replacing Surat as the center of the East India Company's activities in India.

Background:
During the early years of the East India Company's presence in India, Surat was the main center of their activities. It was a prominent port city in the Gujarat region and served as a trading hub for the British. However, as the Company expanded its influence and trade in the Indian subcontinent, it began to look for a more strategic location that could better serve its interests.

Reasons for Bombay's Rise:
Several factors contributed to Bombay's rise as the new stronghold for the East India Company:

1. Strategic Location: Bombay is located on the western coast of India, which provided easy access to major trading routes and markets. Its proximity to the Arabian Sea made it an ideal location for maritime trade, allowing the Company to establish direct connections with Europe, Africa, and other parts of Asia.

2. Natural Harbor: Bombay has a natural deep-water harbor, which made it an excellent port for ships to dock and unload cargo. This facilitated efficient trade operations and made it easier for the Company to transport goods and resources.

3. Expansion of Trade: The Company's trade in India was expanding rapidly, and Bombay offered better opportunities for growth and expansion. The region had a diverse and flourishing economy, with a wide range of commodities like cotton, silk, spices, and indigo. By establishing a stronghold in Bombay, the Company could tap into these resources and strengthen its trade networks.

4. Political Stability: Unlike Surat, which was under the control of various local rulers, Bombay was relatively stable politically. The Company saw an opportunity to establish a more secure base for its activities, where it could exercise greater control and influence.

5. Military Advantage: Bombay's strategic location and natural defenses made it a suitable place for the Company to establish military control. The Company could easily defend its interests and protect its trade routes from potential threats.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Bombay emerged as a strong British stronghold replacing Surat due to its strategic location, natural harbor, expanding trade opportunities, political stability, and military advantages. The East India Company recognized the potential of Bombay and gradually shifted its focus and operations to the city, making it the center of their activities in India.