Features are------->
1. There is collective ownership of the resources.
2. There is the opportunity for individuals to participate in community development.
3. Absence of division of class.
4. There is opportunity for individuals to participate in decision making.

**Main Features of Communalism**

Communalism refers to a political ideology or social system in which individuals are primarily identified and organized based on their religious or ethnic affiliations. It emphasizes the interests of a particular religious or ethnic group over the interests of society as a whole. Here are the main features of communalism:

1. **Religious or Ethnic Identity**: Communalism revolves around the idea of organizing society along religious or ethnic lines. It promotes a strong sense of identity and belonging within a specific religious or ethnic community.

2. **Group Solidarity**: Communalism fosters a sense of solidarity among members of the same religious or ethnic group. It often emphasizes the importance of protecting the interests and rights of the group, leading to the exclusion or marginalization of other groups.

3. **Divisiveness and Polarization**: Communalism tends to create divisions and conflicts between different religious or ethnic communities. It often results in the polarization of society, with individuals aligning themselves based on their religious or ethnic identities.

4. **Political Mobilization**: Communalism plays a significant role in politics by mobilizing communities along religious or ethnic lines. Political parties or leaders often exploit communal sentiments to gain support and consolidate power. This leads to the politicization of religious or ethnic identities, which can have detrimental effects on social cohesion.

5. **Vote Bank Politics**: Communalism influences electoral strategies, with political parties targeting specific religious or ethnic communities to secure their votes. Parties may use religion or ethnicity as a basis for providing benefits or privileges to certain groups, further deepening social divisions.

6. **Discrimination and Violence**: Communalism can result in discrimination and violence against minority communities. This can take the form of hate crimes, communal riots, or systemic exclusion of certain groups from political, economic, or social opportunities.

7. **Identity Politics**: Communalism often fosters identity politics, where individuals prioritize their religious or ethnic identities over other aspects of their identity, such as class or gender. This can hinder the development of a cohesive and inclusive society.

8. **Threat to Secularism**: Communalism poses a challenge to secularism, which advocates for the separation of religion from politics and the state. It undermines the principles of equality, tolerance, and pluralism by promoting the dominance of one religious or ethnic group over others.

In conclusion, communalism is characterized by the emphasis on religious or ethnic identities, group solidarity, divisiveness, political mobilization, vote bank politics, discrimination, violence, identity politics, and its threat to secularism. It has profound implications for social harmony and political stability, often leading to social unrest and the erosion of democratic values.