Ethanol is a 2-carbon alcohol. Its molecular formula is CH3CH2OH. Analternative notation is CH3–CH2–OH,which indicates that the carbon of amethyl group (CH3–) is attached to thecarbon of a methylene group (–CH2–),

Chemical Properties of Ethanol
Ethanol (C2H5OH), also known as ethyl alcohol, is a clear, volatile liquid with a distinctive odor. It exhibits several important chemical properties.
1. Solubility
- Ethanol is highly soluble in water due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
- This property makes it an effective solvent for many organic compounds.
2. Combustion
- Ethanol burns in the presence of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water.
- Reaction: C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O + energy
- This exothermic reaction is utilized in fuel applications, providing energy for engines.
3. Reaction with Acids
- Ethanol can react with strong acids, such as sulfuric acid, to form ethyl sulfate or undergo dehydration to produce ethylene.
- Example: C2H5OH + H2SO4 → C2H4 + H2O + H2SO4 (catalyst)
4. Oxidation
- Ethanol can be oxidized to acetaldehyde (ethanal) and subsequently to acetic acid (ethanoic acid).
- Example: C2H5OH + O → CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) + H2O
5. Esterification
- Ethanol can react with carboxylic acids to form esters in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- Example: C2H5OH + CH3COOH → CH3COOC2H5 (ethyl acetate) + H2O
Conclusion
Ethanol's chemical properties make it versatile in various applications, including as a solvent, fuel source, and in the production of other chemicals. Understanding these properties is essential for its safe and effective use in industry and daily life.