Calculating Terminal Potential Difference of a Car Battery

To calculate the terminal potential difference of a car battery that receives a current of 60 amperes from an external source, we need to consider the EMF and internal resistance of the battery.

Step 1: Calculate the voltage drop across the internal resistance of the battery using Ohm's law:

V = IR

Where V is the voltage drop, I is the current, and R is the internal resistance.

V = 60 x 5 x 10^-2
V = 3V

Step 2: Subtract the voltage drop across the internal resistance from the EMF of the battery to get the terminal potential difference:

Vt = EMF - V

Where Vt is the terminal potential difference.

Vt = 12 - 3
Vt = 9V

Therefore, the terminal potential difference of the car battery is 9 volts.

Explanation:

The current flowing through the car battery creates a voltage drop across the internal resistance of the battery. This voltage drop reduces the voltage available at the terminals of the battery, which is called the terminal potential difference.

The terminal potential difference is the voltage that can be measured across the positive and negative terminals of the battery when it is not connected to any external circuit. It is the voltage available to power external devices connected to the battery.

To calculate the terminal potential difference of a car battery, we need to subtract the voltage drop across the internal resistance from the EMF of the battery. The EMF is the voltage that the battery can provide when no current is flowing through it. The internal resistance of the battery represents the resistance to the flow of current within the battery itself.

In this case, the terminal potential difference of the car battery is 9 volts, which means that the battery can provide a voltage of 9 volts to external devices connected to it.

Since it is a 'car battery' , receives a current of 60A .Hence , cell is charging.
Therefore, V= E + Ir
V= 12 + 60 * 0.05
V =15 V