For a ductile material, toughness is a measure ofa)resistance to scratchingb)ability to absorb energy upto fracturec)ability to absorb energy till elastic limitd)resistance to indentationCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Toughness in Ductile Material

Definition of Toughness
Toughness is the measure of the amount of energy a material can absorb before it fractures or breaks. It is an important property for materials that undergo plastic deformation before they fracture, such as ductile materials.

Ductile Material
Ductile materials are those that can be easily stretched or deformed without breaking. They also tend to be able to absorb more energy before they fracture. Examples of ductile materials include metals like copper, aluminum, and steel.

Toughness in Ductile Material
For ductile materials, toughness is a measure of the ability of the material to absorb energy up to the elastic limit, which is the point at which the material can no longer return to its original shape after being deformed. This means that ductile materials can absorb large amounts of energy before they start to deform plastically.

When a ductile material is subjected to a load, it undergoes plastic deformation, which is the permanent change in shape that occurs when the load is removed. Toughness is measured by the area under the stress-strain curve up to the point of fracture. The greater the area under the curve, the tougher the material.

Other Options
Option A: Resistance to scratching is measured by hardness. Hardness is the ability of a material to resist deformation when a load is applied.

Option B: Ability to absorb energy up to fracture is measured by the material's fracture toughness. Fracture toughness is the ability of a material to resist crack propagation.

Option D: Resistance to indentation is measured by the material's indentation hardness. Indentation hardness is the ability of a material to resist deformation when a load is applied at a specific point.

Answer

Toughness of a ductile material is defined as the energy absorbed up to fracture and is given by area under the stress-strain diagram up to fracture.

Answer

A

Answer

B

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