A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism. ... In bacteria, the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan.

Cell wall is always dead but suberin or lignin is not diposited in it to make it impermeable .Cell wall is always permeable..

Cell Wall Composition:
The cell wall is primarily composed of cellulose, a tough and rigid polysaccharide that provides structural support to plant cells. In addition to cellulose, the cell wall may also contain other polysaccharides, proteins, and lignin.

Permeability of Cell Wall:
The cell wall is considered dead and permeable because it is composed of rigid materials that form a protective barrier around the plant cell. While the cell wall allows for the passage of water, ions, and small molecules, it is impermeable to larger molecules and pathogens. This selective permeability helps in maintaining the structural integrity of the cell and protecting it from external threats.

Function of Cell Wall:
- Provides structural support and shape to plant cells
- Protects the cell from mechanical damage and pathogens
- Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Contributes to plant growth and development

Comparison with Cell Membrane:
Unlike the cell membrane, which is composed of lipids and proteins and is selectively permeable, the cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells. While the cell membrane regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, the cell wall provides structural support and protection to the cell.
In conclusion, the cell wall is dead and permeable, serving as a protective barrier and providing structural support to plant cells. Its selective permeability allows for the passage of essential molecules while restricting the entry of harmful substances.