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Bryophyta show an advancement over algae in:-
  • a)
    Having multi cellular sporophytic generation
  • b)
    Having parasitic sporophyte
  • c)
    Having zygotic meiosis
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Bryophyta show an advancement over algae in:-a)Having multi cellular s...
Solution
Haploid gametophyte is the dominant phase in algae while sporophytic generation is mostly represented by diploid zygote. With the colonization of land by plants, sporophyte generation became more developed and long-lived as compared to the gametophyte. Bryophytes have little larger and long-lived sporophyte than green algae. Bryophytes have less developed sporophyte which is dependent on gametophytic generation but parasitism is not an advanced character. Meiosis in zygote just after karyogamy is referred to as zygotic meiosis; it is a characteristic feature of thallophytes only not of bryophytes. Thus, the correct answer is A.
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Bryophyta show an advancement over algae in:-a)Having multi cellular s...
Advancements of Bryophyta over Algae

Bryophyta, also known as mosses, exhibit advancements over algae in the following ways:

1. Multi Cellular Sporophytic Generation

Bryophytes have a multi-cellular sporophytic generation, which is absent in algae. In algae, the sporophyte is unicellular and dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition. However, in bryophytes, the sporophyte is multicellular and partially independent of the gametophyte. The sporophyte in bryophytes is differentiated into a foot, a seta, and a capsule, each with a specific function. The capsule contains the spores that are dispersed to form new gametophytes.

2. Lack of Parasitic Sporophyte

Bryophytes do not have a parasitic sporophyte, which is present in some algae. A parasitic sporophyte is a structure that grows within the host organism and obtains nutrients from it. Such a structure is not seen in bryophytes, which have a partially independent sporophyte.

3. Zygotic Meiosis

Bryophytes exhibit zygotic meiosis, which is not seen in algae. In zygotic meiosis, the zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores, which develop into the gametophyte. In contrast, in algae, sporic meiosis is seen, where the meiosis occurs in the sporophyte to produce haploid spores that develop into the gametophyte.

Conclusion

Bryophytes exhibit several advancements over algae, including a multi-cellular sporophytic generation, lack of parasitic sporophyte, and zygotic meiosis. These features have contributed to the success of bryophytes in colonizing terrestrial habitats.
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In pteridophytes the sporophyte produces spores through meiosis. The spores are produced by the sporangia in the spore mother cells. These spores germinate to give rise to gametophytes. The gametophytes bear male and female sex organs. Water is required for transfer of antherozoids - the male gametes released from the male sex organ to the mouth of female sex organ. Fusion of male gamete with the egg result in the formation of zygote. Zygote thereafter produces a multicellular well-differentiated sporophyte. In majority of the pteridophytes all the spores are of similar kinds. However, some genera also produce two kinds of spores, macro (larg e) and micro (small) spores. The megaspores and microspores germinate and give rise to female and male gametophytes, respectively. In these plants, the female gametophytes are retained on the parent sporophytes for variable periods. The development of the zygotes develop into young embryos within the female gametophytes. This event is a precursor to the seed habit considered an important step in evolution. Direction : In the above questions the Assertions (

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Bryophyta show an advancement over algae in:-a)Having multi cellular sporophytic generationb)Having parasitic sporophytec)Having zygotic meiosisd)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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