Analogous Structure:

Analogous structures are structures that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins. These structures are not derived from a common ancestor and do not share a similar structure or developmental pathway. Instead, they have evolved independently in different organisms in response to similar environmental pressures.

Homologous Structure:

Homologous structures are structures that have similar functions and a common evolutionary origin. These structures may have different forms and functions in different organisms, but they share a similar underlying structure and are derived from a common ancestor.

Vestigial Structure:

Vestigial structures are structures that have lost their original function over the course of evolution but still exist in organisms. These structures were once functional in ancestral forms but have become reduced or non-functional in descendants due to changes in evolutionary pressures.

Sweet Potato and Potato:

Sweet potato and potato are both examples of analogous structures. While they have similar functions and are used in similar ways by humans (as a starchy food source), they are not closely related evolutionarily. They belong to different plant families and have different genetic origins.

Sweet potato belongs to the Convolvulaceae family and is classified as Ipomoea batatas, while potato belongs to the Solanaceae family and is classified as Solanum tuberosum. Despite their similar functions as food sources and their similar appearance as tuberous roots, they evolved independently in different plant lineages.

The convergent evolution of sweet potato and potato is a classic example of analogous structures. Both plants have developed similar adaptations to store energy in their tuberous roots, allowing them to survive in different environments and climates. However, these adaptations are the result of independent evolutionary processes and not a shared evolutionary history.

In summary, sweet potato and potato are analogous structures because they have similar functions but different evolutionary origins. They are not homologous structures because they do not share a common ancestor and their genetic origins are distinct. They are also not vestigial structures because they still serve important functions in their respective plants.

Analogous becoj origin of potato is stem modification whereas sweet potato is root modification but function is same ie; used for eating purpose