Which of the following does not control the heart beat?a)vagusb)epinephrinec)norepinephrined)glossopharyngeal nerveCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

The SNS releases hormones epinephrine and nor epinephrine to accelerate the heart rate..And in PNS , parasympathetic innervation of the heart is mediated by the vagus nerve, specifically ,the vagus nerve acts to lower the heart rate and PNS also release a hormone called acetylcholine to slow the heart rate. Glossopharyngeal nerve has no role in this process.

Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve controls the posterior part of mouth cavity, therefore, it does not control the heart beats. Generally heart beat is controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Vagus controls the increased heart beats by decreasing it, while sympathetic nervous system increases heart beats.

Answer

Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve controls the posterior part of mouth cavity, therefore, it does not control the heart beats. Generally heart beat is controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Vagus controls the increased heart beats by decreasing it, while sympathetic nervous system increases heart beats.

Answer

The correct answer is option D: glossopharyngeal nerve.

Explanation:
The heart is regulated by a complex network of electrical signals that coordinate its contraction and relaxation, resulting in a regular heartbeat. Several factors and structures contribute to the control of heart rate, including the autonomic nervous system and specific hormones.

- a) Vagus nerve (option A): The vagus nerve is a part of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. It plays a crucial role in controlling heart rate by slowing down the heart rate. When the vagus nerve is activated, it releases acetylcholine, which binds to receptors on the heart, reducing the rate and force of contractions.

- b) Epinephrine (option B): Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress or excitement. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Epinephrine increases heart rate and force of contractions by binding to specific receptors on the heart muscle.

- c) Norepinephrine (option C): Norepinephrine is another neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerve fibers. It works in conjunction with epinephrine to increase heart rate and force of contractions. Norepinephrine binds to receptors on the heart, activating a cascade of events that lead to enhanced cardiac output.

- d) Glossopharyngeal nerve (option D): The glossopharyngeal nerve is not directly involved in controlling heart rate. It is primarily responsible for transmitting sensory information from the back of the throat and taste sensations from the tongue. While the glossopharyngeal nerve does have some connections to the cardiovascular system, its main role is not in regulating heart rate.

In summary, the glossopharyngeal nerve (option D) does not control the heart rate. The autonomic nervous system, specifically the vagus nerve (option A) and sympathetic nerve fibers, along with hormones like epinephrine (option B) and norepinephrine (option C), play significant roles in regulating heart rate.

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