Osteocytes in the Matrix

The correct answer to the question is option 'D', which is osteocytes.

Explanation:

The matrix is a non-living component of the bone tissue that provides support, strength, and flexibility to the bone. It is made up of minerals, collagen fibers, and water. The bone cells, which include osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, reside within the matrix.

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that synthesize and deposit bone matrix. Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that break down bone tissue. Osteocytes are mature bone cells that are responsible for maintaining bone matrix and regulating bone remodeling.

Osteocytes are found within the lacunae, small cavities within the bone matrix. They are interconnected by thin cytoplasmic processes that extend through canaliculi, tiny channels that run through the bone matrix. This network of osteocytes and canaliculi is known as the osteocyte lacunar-canalicular system.

Functions of Osteocytes:

1. Maintaining bone matrix: Osteocytes maintain bone matrix by regulating the deposition and resorption of bone tissue. They also produce and secrete proteins that help to maintain the structural integrity of the bone.

2. Regulating bone remodeling: Osteocytes play a key role in regulating bone remodeling, which is the process by which old bone tissue is replaced by new bone tissue. They do this by sensing changes in mechanical stress and releasing signaling molecules that stimulate bone formation or resorption.

3. Calcium homeostasis: Osteocytes help to maintain calcium homeostasis in the body by regulating the release of calcium from the bone tissue into the bloodstream.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, osteocytes are bone cells that are found within the bone matrix. They are responsible for maintaining bone matrix, regulating bone remodeling, and maintaining calcium homeostasis.

Mature bone cell- Osteocyte
Bone producing cell- Osteoblast
Bone destroying cell- Osteoclast.