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Index: Principles of Inheritance & Variation | Biology Class 12 - NEET PDF Download

Index: Principles of Inheritance & Variation | Biology Class 12 - NEET

A close analysis of Botany Chapter ‘Principles of Inheritance and Variation’ based on previous 22 years of exam questions ( between 2000-2021) suggests that the overall weightage of this chapter in the NEET Exam is 9 % which means on an average 5 - 6 questions are asked from this chapter each year. 

The high priority topics of the chapter ‘Principles of Inheritance and Variation’ from which there is a greater chance of occurrence in the NEET Exam are listed below:

1. Genetic Disorders 

2. Two Gene Interaction (With Respect to Post Menelism) 

3. Inheritance of One Gene 

4. Sex Determination 

The students are advised to practice at least 200-300 questions from the high-priority topics mentioned above.

 The following chart shows the topic-wise weightage of "Principles of Inheritance & Variation"  in the NEET exam:     

Index: Principles of Inheritance & Variation | Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance

2. Inheritance of One Gene

3. Inheritance of Two Genes

4. Polygenic Inheritance & Pleiotropy

5. Sex Determination

6. Mutation

7. Genetic Disorders

8. General

9. Previous Year Tests

10. Tests of Chapter: Reproductive Health

11. NCERT Book & Solutions

The document Index: Principles of Inheritance & Variation | Biology Class 12 - NEET is a part of the NEET Course Biology Class 12.
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FAQs on Index: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. What are the main principles of inheritance in genetics?
Ans. The main principles of inheritance in genetics include the Law of Segregation, which states that alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation, and the Law of Independent Assortment, which indicates that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other. These principles explain how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
2. How do dominant and recessive traits differ in inheritance?
Ans. Dominant traits are expressed in the phenotype even if only one allele is present, while recessive traits require two copies of the allele to be expressed. For example, if a dominant allele (A) is paired with a recessive allele (a), the dominant trait (A) will be visible in the organism.
3. What role do mutations play in genetic variation?
Ans. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can create new alleles, contributing to genetic variation within a population. Some mutations can be beneficial, providing advantages for survival and reproduction, while others may be neutral or harmful.
4. How does the environment influence inheritance and variation?
Ans. The environment can influence the expression of genes, a phenomenon known as phenotypic plasticity. Factors such as temperature, nutrition, and exposure to toxins can affect how traits are expressed, leading to variations in phenotype even among individuals with the same genotype.
5. What is the significance of Mendel's experiments in understanding inheritance?
Ans. Mendel’s experiments with pea plants laid the foundation for the field of genetics. His meticulous approach allowed him to formulate the basic laws of inheritance, helping to explain how traits are passed on and leading to the development of modern genetic theory.
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