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Index: Principles of Inheritance & Variation | Biology Class 12 - NEET PDF Download

A close analysis of Botany Chapter ‘Principles of Inheritance and Variation’ based on previous 22 years of exam questions ( between 2000-2021) suggests that the overall weightage of this chapter in the NEET Exam is 9 % which means on an average 5 - 6 questions are asked from this chapter each year. 

The high priority topics of the chapter ‘Principles of Inheritance and Variation’ from which there is a greater chance of occurrence in the NEET Exam are listed below:

1. Genetic Disorders 

2. Two Gene Interaction (With Respect to Post Menelism) 

3. Inheritance of One Gene 

4. Sex Determination 

The students are advised to practice at least 200-300 questions from the high-priority topics mentioned above.

 The following chart shows the topic-wise weightage of "Principles of Inheritance & Variation"  in the NEET exam:     

Index: Principles of Inheritance & Variation | Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance

2. Inheritance of One Gene

3. Inheritance of Two Genes

4. Polygenic Inheritance & Pleiotropy

5. Sex Determination

6. Mutation

7. Genetic Disorders

8. General

9. Previous Year Tests

10. Tests of Chapter: Reproductive Health

11. NCERT Book & Solutions

The document Index: Principles of Inheritance & Variation | Biology Class 12 - NEET is a part of the NEET Course Biology Class 12.
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FAQs on Index: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. What are the principles of inheritance and variation?
Ans. The principles of inheritance and variation refer to the rules that govern how traits are passed from parents to offspring and how variations occur within a population. These principles include Mendel's laws of inheritance, such as the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment, as well as concepts like genetic recombination and mutation.
2. How do Mendel's laws of inheritance explain the transmission of traits?
Ans. Mendel's laws of inheritance provide a framework for understanding how traits are transmitted from one generation to the next. The law of segregation states that an individual inherits one copy of each gene from each parent, and these copies separate during the formation of reproductive cells. The law of independent assortment states that different genes segregate independently of each other during the formation of gametes, leading to the random assortment of traits.
3. What is genetic recombination and how does it contribute to genetic variation?
Ans. Genetic recombination refers to the process where DNA strands exchange genetic material during the formation of reproductive cells. This process can result in new combinations of alleles, leading to genetic variation. Genetic recombination occurs during meiosis, specifically during the crossing over of homologous chromosomes, which allows for the shuffling of genetic information and the creation of unique combinations of alleles.
4. How do mutations contribute to variation in a population?
Ans. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can occur randomly or due to environmental factors. They can create new alleles or alter existing ones, leading to genetic variation in a population. Mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or detrimental, and their impact on variation depends on their effects on an organism's phenotype and survival. Over time, mutations can accumulate and contribute to the evolution of a population.
5. How are the principles of inheritance and variation relevant to the NEET exam?
Ans. The principles of inheritance and variation are fundamental concepts in the field of genetics, which is an essential topic in the NEET exam. Understanding these principles is crucial for comprehending topics like genetic disorders, population genetics, and evolutionary biology. By studying inheritance patterns, variations, and the factors that contribute to genetic diversity, students can develop a strong foundation in genetics and perform well in the NEET exam.
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