All questions of Food Security in India for Class 9 Exam

Correct answer is option 'A', "Minimum Support Price (MSP)". The Minimum Support Price (MSP) is the price at which the government purchases food grains from farmers for creating buffer stocks. MSP is a form of market intervention by the government to protect the interests of farmers and ensure fair prices for their produce. The government sets the MSP for various crops based on the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) and is announced before the start of the sowing season. The MSP ensures that farmers are not exploited by private buyers, and also provide a support price for the farmers. This helps in ensuring food security and also helps farmers to get a fair price for their produce.

The correct answer is option D, "2013". The National Food Security Act was passed in India on September 12, 2013. The act aims to provide subsidised food grains to approximately two-thirds of India's 1.2 billion people. This act guarantees 5 kg of food grains per person per month at highly subsidized prices of Rs. 1-3/Kg to priority and Antyodaya households. This act was passed by the parliament and got Presidential assent on 10th September 2013 and came into force from 5th July, 2014.

Milk

It's 5 kg

The Public Distribution System (PDS) is a government-run program that provides food grains and other essential commodities to the poor and needy at subsidized prices. Here are the correct statements about PDS:

PDS dealers divert the grain to open market to get a better margin: This statement is correct. PDS dealers sometimes sell the grains meant for ration shops in the open market to make more profit.

They sell poor quality grains at ration shops: This statement is correct. PDS dealers sometimes sell poor quality grains at ration shops, which can be harmful to the health of the people who consume them.

They open shops irregularly: This statement is correct. PDS shops are often closed on days when they are supposed to be open, which can cause inconvenience to the people who depend on them.

They sell good quality grain at ration shops at a slightly higher price: This statement is not correct. PDS dealers are supposed to sell good quality grains at subsidized prices at ration shops. They are not allowed to charge a higher price than the fixed rate.

In conclusion, the PDS is an important program that helps to provide food security to the poor and needy. However, there are issues with the functioning of the system that need to be addressed in order to ensure that the benefits of the program reach the intended beneficiaries.

Correct answer is B Lower than a market price

The correct answer is option 'A'. Alternative name for ration shops is "Fair Price Shops." These shops are government-run retail outlets that sell essential commodities such as food grains, sugar, and kerosene oil, at a price below the market rate. These shops are usually set up to provide essential commodities at a fair and affordable price, especially to people who are below the poverty line or belong to vulnerable sections of society.

The Green Revolution resulted in increased production of food grains (especially wheat and rice) and was in large part due to the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding varieties.

Grain Banks are developing in different parts of Maharashtra.

Explanation:

Minimum Support Price (MSP): It is the price announced by the government at which it purchases crops from the farmers directly or through authorized agencies in case of a bumper crop. The MSP is fixed to ensure that farmers get a fair price for their produce and are encouraged to grow more crops.

Incentives to Farmers: The main objective of MSP is to provide incentives to farmers to produce more crops and ensure that they get a fair price for their produce. By providing a guaranteed price for their crops, farmers are encouraged to invest in their crops, which leads to increased production, better quality, and higher yields. This, in turn, increases their income and helps in reducing poverty in rural areas.

Incentives to Middlemen: MSP does not provide any incentives to middlemen. In fact, MSP reduces the role of middlemen as the government procures crops directly from the farmers or through authorized agencies. This ensures that the farmers get a fair price for their produce and middlemen do not exploit them by offering very low prices.

Incentives to Government Officials: MSP does not provide any incentives to government officials. The government officials are responsible for implementing the MSP policy and ensuring that the farmers get a fair price for their produce. They are not entitled to any additional benefits or incentives for doing their job.

Conclusion: Thus, we can conclude that MSP is announced by the government to provide incentives to farmers and not to middlemen or government officials. It is an important policy to encourage farmers to produce more crops and ensure that they get a fair price for their produce.

Correct answer is option 'A', "production of wheat and rice". The Green Revolution of the 1960s was a period of rapid agricultural development in India, characterized by the introduction of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, the use of modern agricultural techniques, and increased government investment in the agricultural sector. This led to a significant increase in crop yields, particularly for wheat and rice, which were the main staple crops of the country. The Green Revolution also helped to improve food security, increase rural incomes, and reduce poverty in India. This initiative was led by Dr. Norman Borlaug and it brought India from being a food deficit country to a food surplus country. This revolution was a turning point in Indian agriculture and food security.

Green Revolution in the 1960s was associated with the use of HYV seeds. HYV stands for High Yielding Variety seeds, which were developed by scientists to increase agricultural productivity. This revolution was a significant step towards ensuring food security in India.

Explanation:

The Green Revolution was a significant milestone in India's agricultural history. It was a series of initiatives taken by the Indian government to increase agricultural productivity, mainly through the use of HYV seeds. The Green Revolution was primarily focused on wheat and rice, which were the two major staple crops in India.

The following are some of the features of the Green Revolution in India:

1. Use of HYV seeds: The Green Revolution was mainly associated with the use of HYV seeds. These seeds were developed by scientists to increase agricultural productivity. The HYV seeds were resistant to diseases, pests, and other environmental factors, which made them more reliable than traditional seeds.

2. Expansion of irrigation facilities: The Green Revolution also saw significant expansion in irrigation facilities. This expansion helped farmers to grow crops throughout the year and increase their productivity.

3. Fertilizer usage: The Green Revolution also promoted the use of chemical fertilizers to increase crop yields. The use of fertilizers helped farmers to increase the fertility of their land and get better yields.

4. Mechanization of agriculture: The Green Revolution also saw significant mechanization of the agricultural sector. This mechanization helped farmers to increase their productivity and reduce the labor required for farming.

5. Institutional reforms: The Green Revolution also brought about significant institutional reforms. The government established agricultural universities, research institutions, and other support systems to help farmers.

Conclusion:

The Green Revolution was a significant step towards ensuring food security in India. It helped farmers to increase their productivity and reduce their dependence on traditional seeds and farming practices. The use of HYV seeds was the hallmark of the Green Revolution, and it remains an essential aspect of modern agriculture today.

Mother Dairy is an important cooperative in Delhi. It was established in 1974 and is a subsidiary of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). It is a leading milk supplier in the national capital region and has a strong presence in other parts of India as well.

Some key points about Mother Dairy:

- It is a cooperative that was set up to help dairy farmers in and around Delhi get a fair price for their milk. Today, it has over 700,000 milk producers who supply milk to its various plants.

- Mother Dairy's products include milk, butter, ghee, ice cream, curd, paneer, and other dairy items. It also has a range of fruit and vegetable products, such as juices, jams, and pickles.

- The company has a strong retail presence, with over 1,400 milk booths in Delhi and NCR. These booths sell milk and other dairy products, as well as fruits and vegetables. Mother Dairy also has tie-ups with several retail chains and supermarkets.

- In addition to its retail operations, Mother Dairy has a large processing and manufacturing capacity. It has several plants in Delhi and other parts of India, where it processes milk and makes various dairy products.

- Mother Dairy has a strong focus on quality control and safety. Its plants and products are regularly inspected and tested by government agencies and other independent bodies.

- Over the years, Mother Dairy has won several awards and accolades for its quality and contribution to the dairy industry. It is widely recognized as a pioneer and leader in the Indian dairy sector.

Overall, Mother Dairy is an important cooperative that plays a crucial role in the dairy industry in Delhi and beyond. Its focus on quality, sustainability, and fair trade has made it a trusted brand among consumers and milk producers alike.

Explanation:
The buffer stock of food grains is maintained by the government to ensure food security and stabilize prices in the market. The government procures food grains through the Food Corporation of India (FCI). The FCI is a government agency responsible for procuring, storing, and distributing food grains across the country.
Here is a detailed explanation of the options mentioned:
A: IFCI
- IFCI stands for Industrial Finance Corporation of India.
- IFCI is a financial institution that provides long-term financial assistance to industrial projects.
- It is not involved in the procurement of food grains for buffer stock.
B: FCI
- FCI stands for Food Corporation of India.
- FCI is a government agency responsible for procuring, storing, and distributing food grains.
- It plays a crucial role in maintaining the buffer stock of food grains.
C: IDBI
- IDBI stands for Industrial Development Bank of India.
- IDBI is a financial institution that provides financial assistance and development support to various industries.
- It is not involved in the procurement of food grains for buffer stock.
D: FICCI
- FICCI stands for Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry.
- FICCI is an industry association that represents the interests of Indian businesses and industries.
- It is not involved in the procurement of food grains for buffer stock.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B: FCI.

The Annapurna Scheme has been launched with effect from 1st April, 2000. It aims at providing food security to meet the requirement of those senior citizens who, though eligible, have remained uncovered under the National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS). 

**Public Distribution System (PDS) and Fair Price Shops**

The Public Distribution System (PDS) is a government-sponsored program in India that aims to provide basic food and non-food items to the economically disadvantaged sections of society at affordable prices. It is one of the largest initiatives undertaken by the Indian government to ensure food security and reduce poverty.

**Fair Price Shops (FPS)** play a crucial role in the implementation of the Public Distribution System. These shops act as the primary distribution point where eligible beneficiaries can purchase essential commodities at subsidized rates.

**Working of PDS and Fair Price Shops:**

1. **Identification of Beneficiaries:** The government identifies eligible beneficiaries based on certain criteria such as income level, employment status, and social categories. These beneficiaries are issued ration cards, which serve as proof of their eligibility to avail benefits under the PDS.

2. **Allocation and Procurement:** The government allocates food grains and other essential commodities to each state based on their population and other factors. The procurement of these items is done by the Food Corporation of India (FCI) and other designated agencies.

3. **Storage and Transportation:** The procured food grains and commodities are stored in warehouses and go-downs. From there, they are transported to the various fair price shops located in different areas.

4. **Supply to Fair Price Shops:** The fair price shops receive the allocated quantities of food grains, sugar, kerosene, and other essential items from the government. These shops are required to sell these items to the beneficiaries at subsidized rates.

5. **Issue of Ration:** When beneficiaries visit the fair price shops, they need to present their ration cards to purchase the allocated items. The shopkeepers verify the details on the ration card and provide the beneficiaries with the specified quantity of goods.

6. **Pricing and Subsidy:** The prices of essential commodities at fair price shops are significantly lower than the market rates. The government provides a subsidy on these items to ensure affordability for the economically weaker sections of society.

7. **Monitoring and Grievance Redressal:** The government monitors the functioning of the PDS and fair price shops to ensure transparency and prevent leakages. Grievance redressal mechanisms are also in place to address any complaints or issues faced by beneficiaries.

**Conclusion:**
The Public Distribution System is associated with fair price shops as they are the primary distribution points for essential commodities provided under the program. These shops play a crucial role in ensuring that eligible beneficiaries can access basic food and non-food items at affordable prices, thereby promoting food security and poverty reduction.

White Revolution and its Association with Milk

The White Revolution, also known as Operation Flood, was a successful dairy development program implemented in India in the 1970s. It aimed to increase milk production and make the country self-sufficient in milk production.

Association with Milk

- The White Revolution was primarily associated with milk production and the dairy industry.
- It focused on increasing milk production by improving dairy farming practices, breeding of high-yielding cattle, and promoting dairy cooperatives.

Impact on Milk Production

- The White Revolution significantly boosted milk production in India, making the country one of the largest milk producers in the world.
- It helped in improving the nutritional status of the population by increasing access to affordable and quality milk products.

Role of Amul

- The Amul cooperative played a crucial role in the success of the White Revolution by organizing milk producers into cooperatives and ensuring fair prices for their milk.
- The brand 'Amul' became synonymous with the White Revolution and played a key role in popularizing dairy products in India.

Conclusion

The White Revolution of the country is associated with milk as it focused on increasing milk production, promoting dairy cooperatives, and making India self-sufficient in milk production. It had a significant impact on the dairy industry and led to a substantial increase in milk production in the country.

Seasonal Hunger and Lack of Work

Seasonal hunger refers to the phenomenon where individuals or communities face food insecurity during certain times of the year due to various factors. One of the primary causes of seasonal hunger is the lack of work opportunities during specific seasons.

Impact of Lack of Work on Seasonal Hunger

- During certain seasons, especially in agricultural-based economies, there may be a decrease in employment opportunities due to factors such as weather conditions, crop cycles, or lack of demand for labor.
- As a result, individuals who rely on daily wage labor or seasonal employment may find themselves without work and income during these periods.
- The absence of work leads to a loss of purchasing power, making it difficult for people to afford food and other essentials, thereby exacerbating food insecurity and seasonal hunger.

Addressing Seasonal Hunger

- Governments and organizations can implement various strategies to address seasonal hunger caused by lack of work, such as providing employment opportunities through public works programs during lean seasons.
- Diversifying livelihood options, promoting alternative income-generating activities, and improving access to education and skill development can also help reduce the vulnerability of communities to seasonal hunger.
- Additionally, social safety nets such as food assistance programs, cash transfers, and nutrition interventions can provide temporary relief to those affected by seasonal hunger.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the basic cause of seasonal hunger is the lack of work during specific seasons, which results in reduced income and food insecurity. By understanding the underlying factors contributing to seasonal hunger and implementing targeted interventions, it is possible to alleviate the impact of this issue on vulnerable populations.

B) poorest of the poor - Antyodaya cards are a type of food security card issued by the government of India to the poorest of the poor households in the country. The Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) is a scheme implemented by the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution to provide food security to the poorest households in the country. Under this scheme, eligible households are issued Antyodaya cards, which entitle them to receive a specified amount of food grains at subsidised prices from the government's fair price shops. The Antyodaya cards are issued to households that are classified as the poorest of the poor, based on certain criteria such as household income, assets, and occupation.

India has more than 5.5 lakh shops, constituting the largest distribution network in the world. The introduction of rationing in India dates back to the 1940s Bengal famine. This rationing system was revived in the wake of acute food shortage during the early 1960s, before the Green Revolution.

Food security means availability, accessibility, and affordability of food

Food security is a fundamental concept that refers to the availability, accessibility, and affordability of food for all individuals at all times. It is an essential aspect of human well-being and is closely related to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2, which aims to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.

Availability of food:
The availability of food refers to the physical presence of sufficient quantities of food in a country or region. It means that enough food is produced or imported to meet the dietary needs of the population. Availability is influenced by factors such as agricultural production, infrastructure, storage facilities, and trade policies.

Accessibility of food:
Accessibility of food implies that individuals have the ability to obtain food. It depends on various factors, including physical and economic access. Physical access refers to the proximity of food sources, such as markets and grocery stores, to the population. Economic access refers to the ability to afford food without compromising other essential needs. Factors that affect accessibility include income levels, transportation, food distribution systems, and market prices.

Affordability of food:
Affordability of food means that individuals can purchase food without facing financial hardships. It is closely related to economic access and is influenced by factors such as income levels, food prices, and household expenditure on food. High food prices can lead to food insecurity, especially for low-income households.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, food security encompasses the availability, accessibility, and affordability of food. These three dimensions are interconnected and mutually dependent. Without sufficient availability of food, people cannot access or afford it. Similarly, even if food is available, it is of no use if individuals cannot access it due to physical or economic barriers. Therefore, addressing all three dimensions of food security is crucial for ensuring a world free from hunger and malnutrition.

Meteorologists predict drought based on precipitation patterns, stream flow, and moisture of soil over long periods of time. In the United States, droughts are most likely to occur in the Midwest and the South.

The Annapurna Scheme has been launched with effect from 1st April, 2000. It aims at providing food security to meet the requirement of those senior citizens who, though eligible, have remained uncovered under the National Old Age Pension Scheme(NOAPS).

Introduction:
The Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Annapurna Scheme (APS) are two government schemes in India that are linked with the public distribution system (PDS). These schemes aim to provide food security and nutritional support to the vulnerable sections of society.

Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY):
- The Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) was launched in December 2000 by the Government of India.
- It is a part of the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) and is designed to provide highly subsidized food grains to the poorest families in rural and urban areas.
- Under this scheme, 35 kilograms of food grains (wheat and rice) are provided per month to each eligible household at a highly subsidized rate of Rs. 3 per kilogram for wheat and Rs. 2 per kilogram for rice.
- The identification of eligible households is done by the state governments based on various criteria such as income, occupation, and social status.
- The main objective of AAY is to ensure food security for the poorest of the poor and to alleviate hunger and malnutrition among them.

Annapurna Scheme (APS):
- The Annapurna Scheme (APS) was launched in April 2000 by the Government of India.
- It is a welfare scheme that aims to provide food security to the destitute and elderly people who are not covered under any other social security scheme.
- Under this scheme, 10 kilograms of food grains (wheat and rice) are provided per month to each eligible beneficiary free of cost.
- The beneficiaries under APS are identified by the state governments based on their socio-economic conditions.
- The main objective of APS is to ensure food security and prevent hunger among the destitute and elderly population who are unable to earn a livelihood.

Linkage with Public Distribution System (PDS):
- Both the AAY and APS are linked with the public distribution system (PDS), which is a government-controlled system for the distribution of essential commodities to the public at affordable prices.
- The food grains provided under AAY and APS are distributed through the existing network of fair price shops, which are part of the PDS.
- The PDS ensures the timely and regular supply of food grains to the eligible households and beneficiaries under these schemes.
- By linking AAY and APS with the PDS, the government aims to streamline the distribution process and ensure that the intended beneficiaries receive the benefits of these schemes effectively.

Conclusion:
The Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Annapurna Scheme (APS) are important government initiatives that are linked with the public distribution system (PDS). These schemes play a crucial role in providing food security and nutritional support to the poorest and most vulnerable sections of society. By ensuring the availability of highly subsidized food grains through the PDS, these schemes aim to alleviate hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity among the targeted beneficiaries.

Ans is a

The Green Revolution was a period of significant improvements in agricultural production that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s. During this time, new technologies such as high-yielding varieties of crops, pesticides, and fertilizers were introduced, leading to increased crop yields in many parts of the world.

The crop that registered the largest increase in production as a result of the Green Revolution was wheat. This was primarily due to the development of high-yielding varieties of wheat that were able to produce more grain per acre than traditional varieties. These new varieties were also more resistant to pests and diseases, which helped to further increase yields.

Some of the key factors that contributed to the success of the Green Revolution in wheat production include:

- Development of high-yielding varieties: Scientists developed new strains of wheat that were able to produce more grain per acre than traditional varieties. These new varieties were also more resistant to pests and diseases, which helped to further increase yields.

- Use of fertilizers and pesticides: Farmers started using fertilizers and pesticides to help control pests and diseases, which helped to increase yields even further.

- Improved irrigation: Many farmers also started using improved irrigation techniques, such as drip irrigation, which helped to conserve water and ensure that crops received the right amount of moisture.

Overall, the Green Revolution had a significant impact on global food production, and wheat was one of the crops that saw the biggest increase in yields. Today, wheat is still one of the most important cereal crops in the world, and it is grown in many different countries around the globe.

The correct answer is option B, "Maharashtra". The Academy of Development Science (ADS) has facilitated a network of NGOs for setting up grain banks in different regions of Maharashtra. These grain banks are primarily aimed at providing food security to the needy and underprivileged people in the region. These grain banks are run by the NGOs and it serves as a buffer stock of food grains for the people who are unable to afford food. The grain banks help to provide food security to the needy people during the lean period when the availability of food is limited. It also aims to build resilience among the community against food insecurity.

Anand Milk Union Limited is located in Gujrat state. Dr Varghese Kurien( Father of White Revolution) is the founder of Amul.

Cooperative Providing Milk and Vegetables at Controlled Rates in Delhi:
The cooperative that provides milk and vegetables at controlled rates in Delhi, as decided by the Government of Delhi, is Mother Dairy.
Explanation:
Mother Dairy is a well-known cooperative in Delhi that operates under the control and supervision of the Government of Delhi. It was established in 1974 with the aim of providing safe and hygienic milk and milk products to the residents of Delhi at affordable prices. Over the years, Mother Dairy has expanded its operations to include a wide range of products, including vegetables.
Here is why Mother Dairy is the correct answer:
1. Controlled Rates: Mother Dairy follows the rates set by the Government of Delhi for milk and vegetables. This means that the prices are regulated and kept affordable for the consumers.
2. Quality Assurance: Mother Dairy ensures the quality and safety of its products through rigorous quality control measures. The milk and vegetables undergo regular testing to meet the required standards.
3. Wide Distribution Network: Mother Dairy has a widespread distribution network in Delhi, ensuring that its products reach every corner of the city. This accessibility makes it convenient for consumers to purchase milk and vegetables at controlled rates.
4. Sustainable Practices: Mother Dairy focuses on sustainable farming practices to grow its vegetables. This includes organic farming techniques and the use of eco-friendly methods to minimize environmental impact.
In conclusion, Mother Dairy is the cooperative that provides milk and vegetables at controlled rates in Delhi, as per the guidelines set by the Government of Delhi. It not only ensures affordability but also maintains quality and sustainability in its operations.

Its bengal...this famine was in the Bengal in 1943- 44 during 2nd world war.it is estimated that millions of lives were died because of starvation, malaria, malnutrition and unhygienic conditions ..

Under the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), the foodgrains given per family per month is 35 kg.

Explanation:
The Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) is a government scheme in India that aims to provide food security to the population by providing subsidized foodgrains to eligible households. The scheme operates through a network of fair price shops (FPS) where eligible beneficiaries can purchase essential food items at a subsidized rate.

The quantity of foodgrains provided per family per month under TPDS is determined by the government. The correct answer to the question is option 'B', which states that 35 kg of foodgrains are given per family per month. Let's understand why this is the correct answer:

1. Significance of TPDS:
The TPDS is an important welfare measure implemented by the government to ensure food security, especially for the economically vulnerable sections of the society. It aims to reduce hunger, poverty, and malnutrition by making essential food items available at affordable prices.

2. Determining the quantity of foodgrains:
The quantity of foodgrains provided per family per month is determined by various factors such as the size of the family, the number of eligible beneficiaries, and the availability of foodgrains. The government assesses these factors and determines an appropriate quantity that can meet the basic needs of the beneficiaries.

3. Subsidized rate and distribution:
Under TPDS, the foodgrains are provided at a subsidized rate, which means that the beneficiaries get the essential food items at a price lower than the market rate. This helps in reducing the financial burden on the economically weaker sections of the society.

4. Other provisions under TPDS:
Apart from providing foodgrains, TPDS also includes other provisions such as the identification of eligible beneficiaries through ration cards, digitization of records to prevent leakage and corruption, and the use of technology to streamline the distribution process.

In conclusion, under the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), 35 kg of foodgrains are given per family per month. This scheme plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and reducing hunger and malnutrition among the economically vulnerable sections of the society.

In 1981, Amartya Sen published Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation (1981), a book in which he argued that famine occurs not only from a lack of food, but from inequalities built into mechanisms for distributing food. Sen also argued that the Bengal famine was caused by an urban economic boom that raised food prices, thereby causing millions of rural workers to starve to death when their wages did not keep up.

The states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, parts of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra account for largest number of food-insecure people in the country.