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All questions of Nationalism in India for Class 10 Exam

Assertion: During the Non-Cooperation movement people began discarding imported clothes and started wearing khadi.
Reason: Khadi was often more expensive.
  • a)
    Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
  • b)
    Both A and Rare true but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • c)
    A is correct but R is wrong
  • d)
    A is wrong but R is correct
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Sharma answered
Here both statements are true.
But reason is not appropriate because the reason should be related to why we started wearing khadi so the correct reason should be that khaadi is cloth material which was made in india only, we were not wearing the British cloth material so as not to cooperate with them.

In which city Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy took place? 
  • a)
    Amritsar
  • b)
    Lahore
  • c)
    Agra
  • d)
    Meerut
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Pooja Shah answered
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as theAmritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919 when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer fired rifles into a crowd of Punjabis, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab.

What was the main problem with the Simon Commission?
  • a)
    It was an all British commission
  • b)
    It was formed in Britain
  • c)
    It was set up in response to the nationalist movement
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Kumar answered
The Simon Commission was opposed primarily because it did not have any Indian representation in the assemblage. The government of Britain had appointed this Commission in 1927. The goal of the Simon Commission was to give an account of how the Indian constitution was working.

Why was Satyagraha organised in Champaran in 1916?
  • a)
    To oppose the British laws
  • b)
    To oppose the plantation system
  • c)
    To oppose high land revenue
  • d)
    To protest against the oppression of the mill workers
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Aditya Shah answered
  • For export to other nations, the East India Company employed workers to extensively grow commercial crop, and bought it from them at very low prices.
  • This was resented by the plantation workers. Added to this was the inhuman living conditions they were subjected to.
  • So, MK Gandhi went to Champaran, Bihar in 1916 to organise a Satyagraha among the plantation workers.

Assertion: Gandhiji decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act.
Reason: British government had monopoly over the production of salt.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct but R is wrong
d) A is wrong but R is correct
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Sharma answered
Gandhiji decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act, 1919, because:
  • It gave enormous power to the government and no power to the leaders.
  • This law was hurriedly passed even after the united opposition by the Indians and other Indian leaders.
  • It allowed the detention of political leaders without any trial for three years.
  • It means that the British Government can arrest any Indian leader without any proof of crime.
Hence Reason has nothing to do with the Assertion part.

Assertion: Mahatma Gandhi used a novel method of mass agitation known as Satyagraha.
Reason: He believed in dharma of non-violence.
  • a)
    Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
  • b)
    Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • c)
    A is correct but R is wrong
  • d)
    A is wrong but R is correct
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

The assertion is true because Mahatma Gandhi did indeed use Satyagraha as a novel method of mass agitation. Satyagraha involved nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience to bring about social and political change.
The reason provided is also true, as Gandhi did believe in the principle of non-violence (Ahimsa) and made it a central tenet of his philosophy. However, the reason alone does not provide a direct or specific explanation for why he used Satyagraha. While his belief in non-violence influenced his choice of method.
Therefore, the correct answer is 2. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Why did the Indians oppose the Rowlatt Act? 
  • a)
    It introduced the Salt Law.
  • b)
    It increased taxes on land
  • c)
    It gave the British the power to arrest and detain a person without a trial
  • d)
    It put a ban on the Congress party.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali kumar answered
The Indians opposed the Rowlatt Act because according to this Act, the British government could imprison any person without a trial and search any place without a warrant. 
This Act was strongly opposed by the Indians.

What did Mahatma Gandhi in his book, Hind Swaraj, declare?
  • a)
    British ruled India because the latter was militarily weak
  • b)
    British ruled India because Indians cooperated with them
  • c)
    British ruled India because they got international support
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mahatma Gandhi , in his famous book Hind Swaraj ( 1909) , declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refuse to co-operate, British rule in India would collapse within one year and Swaraj would come.

Which of the following statements is/ are true about the Dandi March of Mahatma Gandhi?
  • a)
    It started on 11 March, 1930 and ended on 6 April, 1930
  • b)
    Mahatma Gandhi marched over 250 miles with 78 of his trusted followers covering 10 miles a day
  • c)
    On 6th April, Gandhiji ceremonially violated the Salt Law, manufacturing salt by boiling seawater
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

1) This is also known as "Salt March".
2) It was started on March 12,1930.
3) Mahatama Gandhi started this march along with 78 volunteers from sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, the coastal town of Gujarat.

Reasons for Dandi March
British government imposed salt tax and established its monopoly over salt production.

Activities that were done in this march
They reached Dandi on April 6,1930 and violated the law by manufacturing Salt.

What was the effect of the Non-cooperation movement on the plantation workers in Assam?
  • a)
    They left the plantations and headed home
  • b)
    They went on a strike
  • c)
    They destroyed the plantations
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anita Menon answered
For plantation worker, in assam, freedom means to move freely. When workers heard of the non-cooperation movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantation, and started moving towards their homes.

What power did the Rowlatt Act, 1919 gave to government?
  • a)
    Detention of political prisoners without trial
  • b)
    Forced recruitment in the army
  • c)
    Forced manual labour
  • d)
    Equal pay for equal work
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anita Menon answered
  • The act gave enormous power to the government that it can repress political activities and political leaders can be arrested and kept in prison without trials for two years.
  • This means that the person who is kept in prison will not go to court and there will not be any type of action to free him for two years.

Hind Swaraj' was written by? 
  • a)
    Abul Kalam Azad
  • b)
    Mahatma Gandhi
  • c)
    Sardar Patel
  • d)
    Subhash Chandra Bose
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikas Kumar answered
HIND SWARAJ, the title of the first definitive writing of Mahatma Gandhi, and which continues to evoke critical interest the world over even now, literally means ‘self-rule in India’.
This small book of about 30,000 words was written in Gujarati, in November 1909, on board the ship during Gandhi's return trip from England to South Africa after an abortive mission, within 10 days, 40 of the 275 pages being written with left hand. As stated by Gandhi himself: "I wrote the entire Hind Swaraj for my dear friend Dr. Pranjivan Mehta. All the argument in the book is reproduced almost as it took place with him." [CWMG 71: 238] It was published in the Indian Opinion in Natal and was soon banned by the Government in India because it contained 'matter declared to be seditious'. On that, Gandhi published the English translation from Natal to show the innocuous nature of its contents. The ban was finally lifted on 21 December 1938.

Who were the 'Sanatanis'? 
  • a)
    Saints
  • b)
    Dalits
  • c)
    High-caste Hindus
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vivek Rana answered
At Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out and the Non-Cooperation programme was adopted by congress.

What did the term ‘picket’ refer to?
  • a)
    Protest by blocking shop entrances
  • b)
    Import of goods
  • c)
    Stealing from shops
  • d)
    Boycott of clothes and goods
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Pooja Shah answered
In the non cooperation movement, liquor shops were blocked so that nobody could purchase it.
►Here Picket is a word used for protesting by blocking shops.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi in support of :
  • a)
    Khilafat
  • b)
    Swaraj
  • c)
    Khilafat and Swaraj
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjana Khatri answered
 (i) After returning from Africa in 1915 Gandhiji launched some local satyagraha’s but he was looking for an opportunity to launch a national level movement against the Britishers.
(ii) The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched by Gandhiji to support the Khilafat
(iii) It was also launched against Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh incident.
(iv) Gandhiji merged the Khilafat Movement with the Non-cooperation Movement to bring the Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement.

Why was the Simon Commission sent to India?
  • a)
    To look into the Indian constitutional matter and suggest reform
  • b)
    To choose members of Indian Council
  • c)
    To settle disputes between the government and the Congress leaders
  • d)
    To set up a government organisation
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Simon Commission was a group appointed in November 1927 by the British government under Stanley Baldwin to report on the working of the Indian constitution established by the Government of India Act of 1919 and suggest reforms. The commission was boycotted by the Indian National Congress and most other Indian political parties as there was no Indian member in the Commission.

Where was Gandhi's ashram located?
  • a)
    Dandi
  • b)
    Sabarmati
  • c)
    Allahabad
  • d)
    Nagpur
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikas Kumar answered
Sabarmati Ashram (also known as Gandhi Ashram, Harijan Ashram, or Satyagraha Ashram) is located in the Sabarmati suburb of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, adjoining the Ashram Road, on the banks of the River Sabarmati, four miles from the town hall. This was one of the residences of Mahatma Gandhi who lived there for about twelve years along with his wife Kasturba Gandhi.

It was from his base here that Gandhi led the Dandi march also known as the Salt Satyagraha on 12 March 1930. In recognition of the significant influence that this march had on the Indian independence movement the Indian government has established the ashram as a national monument.

Who wrote the 'Vande Matram'?
  • a)
    Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
  • b)
    Rabindranath Tagore
  • c)
    Abanindranath Tagore
  • d)
    Sardar Vallabhai Patel 
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Kumar answered
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was a Bengali, writer, poet and journalist who composed our National Song 'Vande Mataram' during India's freedom struggle

Satyagraha was ?
  • a)
    pure soul force
  • b)
    weapon of the week
  • c)
    physical force
  • d)
    force of arms
Correct answer is 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikas Kumar answered
Physical force means fighting the evil by using body strength and violent means which includes external force. But, soul force means resisting the evil with inner strength by using non violent means like Satyagraha.

What does the term Khalifa refer?
  • a)
    Sultan of a Muslim country
  • b)
    Spiritual leader of the Muslim
  • c)
    Nawab of a Muslim state
  • d)
    Badshah of Mughal period
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sayali rao answered
Khalifa or Khalifah is a name or title which means "successor", "deputy" or "steward". It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate, but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and orders. Khalifa is sometimes also pronounced as "kalifa".

Who wrote the 'Vande Matram'? 
  • a)
    Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
  • b)
    Rabindranath Tagore
  • c)
    Abanindranath Tagore
  • d)
    Sardar Vallabhai Patel
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjana Khatri answered
Vande Mataram played a vital role in the Indian independence movement, it is written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1882. It was written in Bengali and Sanskrit.

The two events which shaped Indian politics in the 1920s were :
  • a)
    The setting up of the Simon Commission by the Tory Government in Britain which had not a single Indian member
  • b)
    The worldwide economic depression which led to a fall in agricultural prices
  • c)
    Both (a) and (b)
  • d)
    The division within the Congress
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Mehta answered
The two factors that shaped Indian politics towards late 1920s were:
The first was the effect of the worldwide economic depression. Agricultural prices began to fall from 1926 and collapsed after 1930. As the demand for agricultural goods fell and exports declined, peasants found it difficult to sell their harvests and pay their revenue. By 1930, the countryside was in turmoil.
The Tory government in Britain constituted the Simon Commission to look into the functioning of the Constitutional government in India. The Simon Commission came to India in 1928. Since this Commission had no Indian member, it was greeted with protests and black flags. 

Which of the following statements is not true about the Jallianwala Bagh incident?
  • a)
    General Dyer blocked all exit points, and opened fire on the peaceful crowd, killing hundreds
  • b)
    Gandhiji went on indefinite fast to stop the repression by the British
  • c)
    As a reaction, crowds took to the streets in many Indian towns, attacking the police and government buildings
  • d)
    Dyer’s aim was to produce a moral effect of great terror and awe in the minds of the satyagrahis
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

As the news of Jallianwalla Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many north Indian towns. There were strikes, clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings. The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorise people: satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets, and do salaam (salute) to all sahibs; people were flogged and villages (around Gujranwala in Punjab, now in Pakistan) were bombed. Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement. 

The first three successful Satyagraha movements by Gandhiji in India were :
  • a)
    Against the Rowlatt Act, Civil Disobedience Movement and Quit India
  • b)
    Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and Khilafat
  • c)
    Peasants Movements in Champaran in Bihar, Kheda district in Gujarat and in Ahmedabad by cotton mill workers
  • d)
    Khilafat movement, Non-Cooperation and Quit India movement
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Sharma answered
Mahatma Gandhi successfully organised satyagraha movements in Champaran in Bihar, Kheda district of Gujarat and Ahmedabad.
Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January 1915. In 1916 he travelled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system. In 1917, he organised a satyagraha to support the peasants of the Kheda district of Gujarat who were demanding that revenue collection be relaxed. Affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic, the peasants of Kheda could not pay the revenue. In 1918, he went to Ahmedabad to organise a satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill workers.

Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 the peasants were not permitted to ?
  • a)
    Leave their village
  • b)
    Settle in the city
  • c)
    Leave their plantation without permission
  • d)
    Allow the women to leave farmlands without permission
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajiv Gupta answered
According to the Inland emigration act of 1859 the plantation workers were not allowed to leave the plantation field without the permission of plantation owner,they were rarely getting such permissions, and if they tried to escape from their they were caught and brutally beaten.

Can you explain the answer of this question below:
By whom was the first image of Bharatmata painted?
  • A:Rabindranath Tagore
  • B:Abanindranath Tagore
  • C:Ravi Verma
  • D:Nandalal Bose

The answer is B.

Rahul Kapoor answered
The first image of Bharat Mata was created as a watercolor painting by Abanindranath Tagore in 1905. The image depicts Bharat Mata as a saffron clad woman with four arms standing by the edge of a lotus pond. The hind arms have a piece of white cloth and a book whereas the forearms have a rosary made of beads and some paddy sheaves. The saffron attire combined with four arms and a halo behind the head made her look like a divine sadhvi. This form of Bharat Mata represented a combination of Goddesses Saraswati and Lakshmi revered for knowledge and prosperity respectively.

What kind of movement was launched by the tribal peasants of Gudem Hills in Andhra Pradesh? 
  • a)
    Satyagraha Movement
  • b)
    Militant Guerrilla Movement
  • c)
    Non-Violent Movement
  • d)
    None of the above.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Pragya sharma answered
The militant Guerrilla Movement was launched by the tribal peasants of Gudem Hills in Andhra Pradesh.
The militant guerrilla movement was led by Alluri Sitaram Raju, the follower of Mahatma Gandhi. The colonial government had closed large forest areas to prevent people from entering the forest to graze their cattle, to collect firewood and fruits which enraged the hill people. The hill people revolted when the government forced them to contribute. The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving Swaraj.

Who was Sir Muhammad Iqbal?
  • a)
    Congress President
  • b)
    President of the Muslim League, 1930
  • c)
    Gandhiji's devout disciple
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rahul Kapoor answered
The leadership of the Muslim League was taken over by, Sir Muhammad Iqbal, who in 1930 first put forward the demand for a separate Muslim state in India.

When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
  • a)
    1913
  • b)
    1919
  • c)
    1915
  • d)
    1921
Correct answer is 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikas Kumar answered
9 january, 1915.
The former prime minister of India, Shri Atal Bihari Vajapeyi has started to celebrate this day as ‘Bhartiya Prawasi Diwas’ in 2003 to strengthen the engagement of overseas Indian community with the Indian government, reconnect them with their roots, celebrate their achievement and contributions.

Rowlatt Act was passed in
  • a)
    1919
  • b)
    1917
  • c)
    1918
  • d)
    1920
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Pooja Shah answered
Passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in February 1919, the Rowlatt Act enabled British government to jail anyone suspected of plotting to overthrow them for as long as two years without trial and also to try them summarily without any jury.

Which among the following was the reason for Indian opposition to the Rowlatt Act (1919)?
  • a)
    It was passed hurriedly
  • b)
    It gave the govt. enormous powers
  • c)
    Local leaders were picked up
  • d)
    It authorised the government to imprison people without trial
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Neha Patel answered
Rowlatt Act of 1919 named after British judge Sir Sidney Rowlatt effectively authorized the government to imprison for a maximum period of two years, without trial, any person suspected of terrorism living in the Raj. The Rowlatt Act gave British imperial authorities power to deal with revolutionary activities. But in this course of action even the innocent people were targeted and had no scope of " vakil, appeal or dalil". By this act, the British severely clamped the rights of Indians. Hence, Indians opposed this Act.

Why did production of Indian textiles and handloom go up during the Non- Cooperation Movement?
  • a)
    Foreign cloth was burnt in huge bonfires
  • b)
    People discarded imported clothes and wore only Indian ones
  • c)
    The import of foreign clothes was halved between 1921-22 and the value dropped from Rs 102 crores to Rs 57 crores
  • d)
    All the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Neha Patel answered
Non-Cooperation Movement spread in cities across the country:
(i) The movement started with middle class participation in the cities.

(ii) Thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges.

(iii) Headmasters and teachers resigned and lawyers gave up their legal practices. 
(iv) The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras where Justice Party took part in elections. 

Effects of Non-Cooperation Movement on the economic front were : 
(i) Foreign goods were boycotted. 
(ii) Liquor shops were picketed. 
(iii) Foreign clothes were burnt in huge bonfires. 
(iv) The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921-1922. In value, the drop was from Rs. 102 crore to Rs.57 crore. 
(v) In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. 
(vi) The people began discarding imported clothes and wore only Indian ones. 
(vii) Production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up tremendously.

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government- controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice Party, the party of the non- Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power-something that usually only Brahmans had access to. The effects of non- cooperation on the economic front were more dramatic. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from ₹ 102 crore to ₹ 57 crore. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up. But this movement in the cities gradually slowed down for a variety of reasons. Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it. How then could they boycott mill cloth for too long? Similarly the boycott of British institutions posed a problem. For the movement to be successful, alternative Indian institutions had to be set up so that they could be used in place of the British Ones. These were slow to come up. So students and teachers began trickling back to government, schools and lawyers joined back work in government courts.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option
Q. Thousands of ____________ left government controlled schools and colleges and _______ gave up their legal practices.
  • a)
    Teachers, Judges
  • b)
    Headmasters, Clerks
  • c)
    Students, Advocates
  • d)
    Students, lawyers
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Naina Sharma answered
The Non-Cooperation movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices.

Which one of the following statements is not correct in respect of Harijan campaign of Mahatma Gandhi? 
  • a)
    In May 1933, Mahatma Gandhi took a major fast to convince his followers of the importance of the issue and seriousness of his' effort for the campaign 
  • b)
    Sabarmati Ashram was handed over to Harijan Sevak Sangha in order to promote the Harijan cause 
  • c)
    Gandhiji repeatedly declared that Harijan movement was not a political movement 
  • d)
    In 1934, The British Government of India passed the Temple entry bill in the Central Legislative Assembly in favour of untouchables 
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Incorrect Statement in Respect of Harijan Campaign of Mahatma Gandhi

Introduction: Mahatma Gandhi's Harijan campaign was aimed at the upliftment of the untouchables in Indian society. The campaign was launched to end the social stigma and discrimination against the untouchables. It was one of the major movements of the Indian nationalist movement. This question asks to identify the incorrect statement in respect of the Harijan campaign of Mahatma Gandhi.

Correct Option: The correct option is 'D' - In 1934, The British Government of India passed the Temple entry bill in the Central Legislative Assembly in favour of untouchables. This statement is incorrect because the Temple Entry Bill was not passed in 1934 but in 1927.

Explanation: Let's discuss the other options and their correctness.

Option A: In May 1933, Mahatma Gandhi took a major fast to convince his followers of the importance of the issue and seriousness of his effort for the campaign. This statement is correct. Mahatma Gandhi undertook a 21-day fast to protest against the British government's communal award, which he believed would divide the Dalit community.

Option B: Sabarmati Ashram was handed over to Harijan Sevak Sangha in order to promote the Harijan cause. This statement is correct. Mahatma Gandhi handed over the Sabarmati Ashram to the Harijan Sevak Sangh in 1933 to promote the Harijan cause.

Option C: Gandhiji repeatedly declared that Harijan movement was not a political movement. This statement is correct. Mahatma Gandhi considered the Harijan movement to be a social and moral movement rather than a political one. He believed that the upliftment of the untouchables was necessary for the progress of Indian society.

Option D: In 1934, The British Government of India passed the Temple entry bill in the Central Legislative Assembly in favour of untouchables. This statement is incorrect. The Temple Entry Bill was not passed in 1934 but in 1927. The bill allowed the members of the untouchable community to enter Hindu temples and other public places from which they were previously barred.

Conclusion: Therefore, the correct option is 'D' - In 1934, The British Government of India passed the Temple entry bill in the Central Legislative Assembly in favour of untouchables.

The leader of the peasants in the Gudem Hills of Andhra was :
  • a)
    Baba Ramchandra
  • b)
    Venkata Raju
  • c)
    Alluri Sitaram Raju
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Meera Kapoor answered
Correct Answer :- C
Explanation : Peasants organized movements against Talukdars and Landlords in villages under the leadership of Baba Ramchandra. Tribal people started an armed struggle in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh under the leadership of Alluri Sitaram Raju.

In which year did Gandhiji return to India from South Africa?
  • a)
    Jan. 1915
  • b)
    Feb. 1916
  • c)
    Jan. 1916
  • d)
    Feb. 1915
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Neha Patel answered
At the request of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, conveyed to him by C. F. Andrews, Gandhi returned to India in 1915. He brought an international reputation as a leading Indian nationalist, theorist and community organiser.

By whom was the first image of Bharatmata painted?
  • a)
    Rabindranath Tagore
  • b)
    Abanindranath Tagore
  • c)
    Ravi Verma
  • d)
    Nandalal Bose
Correct answer is 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rahul Kapoor answered
The image of Bharat Mata painted by Abaindranath Tagore was a ascetic figure. she was calm, divine and composed.this image portrayed the feeling of nationalism and showed Bharat to be divine and pure.respect to this image came to seen as a means of giving respect to the nation.

MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) with Solutions are available for Practice of the Chapter "Nationalism of India", Class 10 (X) History, India and the Contemporary World II
 
Q. By whom was the Swaraj Party formed?
  • a)
    Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das
  • b)
    Subhas Chandra Bose and Sardar Patel
  • c)
    Jawaharlal Nehru and Rajendra Prasad
  • d)
    Motilal Nehru and Rajendra Prasad
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Das answered
The Swaraj Party was established as the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party. It was a political party formed in India in January 1923 after the Gaya annual conference in December 1922 of the National Congress, that sought greater self-government and political freedom for the Indian people from the British Raj.
It was inspired by the concept of Swaraj. In Hindi and many other languages of India, swaraj means "independence" or "self-rule." The two most important leaders were Chittaranjan Das, who was its president and Motilal Nehru, who was its secretary.

What moved Abanindranath Tagore to paint the famous image of Bharat Mata? 
  • a)
    Civil Disobedience Movement
  • b)
    Swadeshi Movement
  • c)
    Quit India Movement
  • d)
    All of these
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohan Kapoor answered
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the first person to visualise the nation in the form of a figure. In the 1870s, he wrote 'Vande Mataram' as a hymn to the motherland. Later, it was included in his novel 'Anandmath' and sung widely during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal. Moved by this Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata.

Baba Ramchandra was :
  • a)
    A sanyasi, who was earlier an indentured labourer
  • b)
    Leader of the peasants revolt in Awadh
  • c)
    Founder of the Kishan Sabha of Awadh in October 1920 along with J.L. Nehru
  • d)
    All the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Baba Ram Chandra (born 1864) was an Indian trade unionist who organised the farmers of Oudh, India into forming a united front to fight against the abuses of landlords in 1920s and 1930s. He was also an influential figure in the history of Fiji, and owed his inspiration to take up the cause of the down-trodden to his 12 years as an indentured labourer in Fiji and to his efforts to end the indenture system. His real name was Shridhar Balwant Jodhpurkar. He was a Brahmin, of Maharashtrian origin. He left for Fiji as an indentured labourer in 1904 after changing his name to Ram Chandra Rao in order to conceal his identity as a Brahmin, since Brahmins were not preferred as indentured labourers. He is one of the prime characters in Kamla Kant Tripathi's history based novel "Bedakhal".


(i) In Awadh, the peasant movement was led by Baba Ramchandra-a sanyasi who had earlier worked in Fiji as an indentured labourer.

(ii) The movement here was against talukdars and landlords who demanded high rents from the peasants.

(iii) Peasants had to do begar and work at landlords' farms without any payment.

(iv) The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar and social boycott of oppressive landlords.

(v) In many places Nai-Dhobhi bandhs were organised to deprive landlords of the services of even washermen and barbers.

(vi) Jawaharlal Nehru began talking to the villagers and formed 'Oudh Kisan Sabha'.

(vii) Within a month, over 300 branches had been set up in the villages around the region.

(viii) As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted and grain hoards were taken over.

In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A) : It was declared that 26th January, 1930 would be celebrated as the Independence Day when people were to take a pledge to struggle for Complete Independence.
Reason (R) : Mahatma Gandhi had to find a way to relate this abstract idea of freedom to more concrete issues of everyday life.
  • a)
    Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). 
  • b)
    Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • c)
    (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
  • d)
    (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Sharma answered
  • In December 1929, under the Presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress formalised the demand of 'Purna Swaraj' or full independence for India. It was declared that 26 January 1930 would be celebrated as the Independence Day when people were to take a pledge to struggle for complete independence.
  • Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food. Due to tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production, Mahatma Gandhi declared and revealed the most oppressive face of British rule. Thus, Gandhiji demanded to abolish the salt tax.
 

Why did Gandhiji urge the Congress to join the Khilafat Movement?
  • a)
    He wanted to support the Khilafat
  • b)
    He saw this as an opportunity to bring the Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement
  • c)
    He knew that without Hindu-Muslim unity no broad-based movement could be launched
  • d)
    Both (b) and (c)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Naina Sharma answered
Though the Khilafat issue was not directly linked to Indian politics but it provided the immediate background to the movement and gave an added advantage of cementing Hindu-Muslim unity against British.It was wrong treatment meted out to Turkey by British where the Khalifa was removed from Khilafat.The Gandhiji felt it as a good chance to weld the unity among the Hindus and the Muslims against the common enemy British.

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
The identity of the nation, as you know, is most often symbolised in a figure or image. This helps create an image with which people can identify the nation. It was in the twentieth century, with the growth of nationalism, that the identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata. The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In the 1870s he wrote ‘Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the motherland. Later it was included in his novel Anandamath and widely sung during the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal. Moved by the Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata. In this painting Bharat Mata is portrayed as an ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, divine and spiritual. In subsequent years, the image of Bharat Mata acquired many different forms, as it circulated in popular prints and was painted by different artists. Devotion to this mother figure came to be seen as evidence of one’s nationalism.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option
Q. As Bharat Mata is to India, ___________, is to Italy and ____________ is to Germany.
  • a)
    Statue of Liberty, Mother Mary
  • b)
    Italia Turrita, Germania
  • c)
    Germania, Marianne
  • d)
    Statue of Liberty, Germania
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Aditya Shah answered
As Bharat Mata is to India, Marianne is to France and Germania is to Germany. Bharat Mata is the national personification of our Nation and was painted by Abanindranath Tagore in 1905. She is also called the Mother India.

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