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All questions of The Industrial Revolution for UPSC CSE Exam
The first blast furnace was invented by- a)Henry Cort
- b)Abraham Darby III
- c)Abraham Darby I
- d)Abraham Darby II
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The first blast furnace was invented by
a)
Henry Cort
b)
Abraham Darby III
c)
Abraham Darby I
d)
Abraham Darby II
|
Ojasvi Mehta answered |
The first Abraham Darby invented the blast furnace in 1709. Coke was used in blast furnace to generate high temperatures. It was derived from coal by removing the sulphur and impurities. It replaced charcoal.
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:The Factory managers considered child labour to be important training for future factory work. The evidence from British factory records reveals that about half of the factory workers had started work when they were less than 10 years old and 28% when they were under 14. Women may well have gained increased financial Independence and self-esteem from their jobs but this was more than offset by the humiliating terms of work they endured, the children they lost at birth or in early childhood and the squalid urban slums that industrial work compelled them to live in.Q. What do you think, why did industrialists in Britain prefer to employ women and children?- a)Women and children would be less agitated about their poor working conditions
- b)They would work for lower wages than men
- c)Both (a) and (b)
- d)None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:
The Factory managers considered child labour to be important training for future factory work. The evidence from British factory records reveals that about half of the factory workers had started work when they were less than 10 years old and 28% when they were under 14. Women may well have gained increased financial Independence and self-esteem from their jobs but this was more than offset by the humiliating terms of work they endured, the children they lost at birth or in early childhood and the squalid urban slums that industrial work compelled them to live in.
Q. What do you think, why did industrialists in Britain prefer to employ women and children?
a)
Women and children would be less agitated about their poor working conditions
b)
They would work for lower wages than men
c)
Both (a) and (b)
d)
None of these
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Children of the rural poor had always worked at home or in farm. But they worked under the watchful eyes of parents or relatives. Similarly, rural women were actively involved in farm work. But working in factories was different. Working hours became longer. Same kind of work brought monotony. Strict discipline and sharp punishment made the life difficult. Industrialists preferred to employ women and children because of lower wages and less chances of worker’s agitation. Machinery, like the cotton spinning jenny was designed to be used by child workers with their small build and nimble fingers. Inhuman working conditions often resulted in accidents at workplaces.
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:
The invention of railway took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage in 1801. Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) had devised and engine called the Puffing Devil that pulled trucks around the mine where he worked in Cornwall. In 1814 the railway engineer George Stephenson (1781 - 1848) constructed a locomotive called “The Blucher” that could pull a weight of 30 tons up-to a Hill at 4 mph. The first railway line connected the cities of Stockton and Darlington in 1825, a distance of 9 miles that was completed in two hours at a speed-up of up to 24 kph (15 mph), and the next railway line connected Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. Within 20 years, speeds of 30 to 50 miles an hour were usual.
In 1830, the use of canals revealed several problems. The congestion of vessels made movements slow on certain stages of canals; and Frost, flood or draught limited the time of their use. The Railways now appeared as it was convenient alternative. About 6,000 miles of railway was opened in Britain between 1830 and 1850, most of it into short bursts.
Q. What problems did the use of canals reveal in the 1830s?
- a)Both (b) and (c)
- b)Frost, flood or draught limited the time of use of canals.
- c)The congestion of vessels made movement slow on certain stretches of canals.
- d)None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:
The invention of railway took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage in 1801. Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) had devised and engine called the Puffing Devil that pulled trucks around the mine where he worked in Cornwall. In 1814 the railway engineer George Stephenson (1781 - 1848) constructed a locomotive called “The Blucher” that could pull a weight of 30 tons up-to a Hill at 4 mph. The first railway line connected the cities of Stockton and Darlington in 1825, a distance of 9 miles that was completed in two hours at a speed-up of up to 24 kph (15 mph), and the next railway line connected Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. Within 20 years, speeds of 30 to 50 miles an hour were usual.
In 1830, the use of canals revealed several problems. The congestion of vessels made movements slow on certain stages of canals; and Frost, flood or draught limited the time of their use. The Railways now appeared as it was convenient alternative. About 6,000 miles of railway was opened in Britain between 1830 and 1850, most of it into short bursts.
Q. What problems did the use of canals reveal in the 1830s?
a)
Both (b) and (c)
b)
Frost, flood or draught limited the time of use of canals.
c)
The congestion of vessels made movement slow on certain stretches of canals.
d)
None of these
|
Arun Yadav answered |
In the 1830s, the use of canals revealed several problems. The congestion of vessels made movement slow on certain stretches of canals, and frost, flood or drought limited the time of their use. The railways now appeared as a convenient alternative. About 6,000 miles of railway was opened in Britain between 1830 and 1850, most of it in two short bursts. During the ‘little railway mania’ of 1833-37, 1400 miles of line was built, and during the bigger ‘mania’ of 1844-47, another 9,500 miles of line was sanctioned.
To drain mines, the Miner's Friend was invented, in 1698, by- a)James Watt.
- b)Thomas Savery.
- c)Thomas Newcomen.
- d)Matthew Boulton.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
To drain mines, the Miner's Friend was invented, in 1698, by
a)
James Watt.
b)
Thomas Savery.
c)
Thomas Newcomen.
d)
Matthew Boulton.
|
Gunadnya Magare answered |
He was an English inventor and engineer.He was born at Devon ,England.He invented the 1st commercially used steam powered device,steam pump which is often called as an engine , although technically it is not an engine .Savery's engine was a revolutionary method of pumping water which solved the problem of mine drainage and widespread public water supply practicable.
The transformation of industry and the economy in Britain, between the 1780s and the 1850s, is called the- a)‘first industrial revolution'
- b)‘first agricultural revolution'
- c)‘first technological revolution'
- d)‘first communication revolution'
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The transformation of industry and the economy in Britain, between the 1780s and the 1850s, is called the
a)
‘first industrial revolution'
b)
‘first agricultural revolution'
c)
‘first technological revolution'
d)
‘first communication revolution'
|
Bhupesh answered |
The First industrial Revolution had far-reaching effects in Britain. Later, similar changes occurred in European countries and in the USA. These were to have a major impact on the society and economy of those countries and also on the rest of the world.
During the ‘little railway mania’ of 1833-37 in Britain, the total railway lines built was- a)1400 miles
- b)1500 miles
- c)1600 miles
- d)1700 miles
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
During the ‘little railway mania’ of 1833-37 in Britain, the total railway lines built was
a)
1400 miles
b)
1500 miles
c)
1600 miles
d)
1700 miles
|
Akash Ghosh answered |
During the railway mania in Britain, vast amounts of coal and iron were used. Large numbers of workers were employed. It boosted activity in the construction and public works industries. Most of England had been connected by railway by 1850.
The Miner's Friend, a model steam engine, was built by -- a)Matthew Boulton
- b)James Watt
- c)Thomas Newcomen
- d)Thomas Savery
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The Miner's Friend, a model steam engine, was built by -
a)
Matthew Boulton
b)
James Watt
c)
Thomas Newcomen
d)
Thomas Savery
|
Debolina Bose answered |
On 2nd July 1698, Savery patented an early steam engine. In 1702, Savery described the machine in his book 'The Miner's Friend; or, An Engine to Raise Water by Fire', in which he claimed that it could pump water out of mines. However, Savery's engines worked slowly, in shallow depths, and the boiler burst under too much pressure.
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन 1992 के 73 वें संशोधन अधिनियम के बारे में सही है?
- इस अधिनियम में हर राज्य में पंचायती राज की त्रिस्तरीय व्यवस्था है, अर्थात् गाँव, मध्यवर्ती, और जिला स्तरों पर पंचायतें
- 20 लाख से अधिक आबादी वाला राज्य मध्यवर्ती स्तर पर पंचायतों का गठन नहीं कर सकता है
निम्नलिखित विकल्पों में से चुनें।
- a)दोनों 1 और 2
- b)केवल 2
- c)केवल 1
- d)न तो 1 और न ही 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन 1992 के 73 वें संशोधन अधिनियम के बारे में सही है?
- इस अधिनियम में हर राज्य में पंचायती राज की त्रिस्तरीय व्यवस्था है, अर्थात् गाँव, मध्यवर्ती, और जिला स्तरों पर पंचायतें
- 20 लाख से अधिक आबादी वाला राज्य मध्यवर्ती स्तर पर पंचायतों का गठन नहीं कर सकता है
निम्नलिखित विकल्पों में से चुनें।
a)
दोनों 1 और 2
b)
केवल 2
c)
केवल 1
d)
न तो 1 और न ही 2
|
|
Kavita Shah answered |
केवल 1
व्याख्या: 1992 के 73वें संशोधन अधिनियम के तहत, पंचायती राज की त्रिस्तरीय व्यवस्था का प्रावधान होता है, जो गाँव, मध्यवर्ती, और जिला स्तरों पर पंचायतें शामिल करती है। इसके विपरीत, दूसरा कथन गलत है, क्योंकि 20 लाख से अधिक आबादी वाले राज्यों को भी मध्यवर्ती स्तर पर पंचायतों का गठन करने की अनुमति होती है
व्याख्या: 1992 के 73वें संशोधन अधिनियम के तहत, पंचायती राज की त्रिस्तरीय व्यवस्था का प्रावधान होता है, जो गाँव, मध्यवर्ती, और जिला स्तरों पर पंचायतें शामिल करती है। इसके विपरीत, दूसरा कथन गलत है, क्योंकि 20 लाख से अधिक आबादी वाले राज्यों को भी मध्यवर्ती स्तर पर पंचायतों का गठन करने की अनुमति होती है
In 1814, the railway engineer George Stephenson constructed a locomotive called- a)‘The Blutcher’.
- b)The ‘Puffing Devil'.
- c)The ‘Pumping Ghost’.
- d)The ‘Mighty Force’.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In 1814, the railway engineer George Stephenson constructed a locomotive called
a)
‘The Blutcher’.
b)
The ‘Puffing Devil'.
c)
The ‘Pumping Ghost’.
d)
The ‘Mighty Force’.
|
Jaideep Verma answered |
‘The Blutcher’, invented in 1814 by George Stephenson, could pull a weight of 30 tons up a hill at 4 mph. The Blutcher was the name of a general in the Prussian Army, who had just helped Britain to defeat Napoleon.
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:A survey in 1842 revealed that the average lifespan of workers was lower than that of any other social group in cities. It was 15 years in Birmingham, 17 in Manchester, 21 in Derby. More people died and died at a young age in the new industrial cities than in villages they had come from. Half the children failed to survive beyond the age of 5. The increase in the population of cities was because of immigrants, rather than by an increase in the number of children born to families who already lived there.Deaths were primarily caused by epidemics of disease that sprang from the pollution of water, like cholera and typhoid, or of the Year air like tuberculosis. More than 31000 people died from an outbreak of cholera in 1832. Until late in the 19th Century, Municipal authorities were negligent in attending to these dangerous conditions of life and the medical knowledge to understand and cure these diseases was unknown.Q. What was the major factor that revealed in the survey in 1842?- a)Different disease sprang like anything
- b)Increase in birth rate
- c)Decrease in lifespan of worker
- d)Decrease in health facilities
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:
A survey in 1842 revealed that the average lifespan of workers was lower than that of any other social group in cities. It was 15 years in Birmingham, 17 in Manchester, 21 in Derby. More people died and died at a young age in the new industrial cities than in villages they had come from. Half the children failed to survive beyond the age of 5. The increase in the population of cities was because of immigrants, rather than by an increase in the number of children born to families who already lived there.
Deaths were primarily caused by epidemics of disease that sprang from the pollution of water, like cholera and typhoid, or of the Year air like tuberculosis. More than 31000 people died from an outbreak of cholera in 1832. Until late in the 19th Century, Municipal authorities were negligent in attending to these dangerous conditions of life and the medical knowledge to understand and cure these diseases was unknown.
Q. What was the major factor that revealed in the survey in 1842?
a)
Different disease sprang like anything
b)
Increase in birth rate
c)
Decrease in lifespan of worker
d)
Decrease in health facilities
|
Nitin Chakraborty answered |
Factors Revealed in the Survey in 1842
The major factor that was revealed in the survey conducted in 1842 was the decrease in the lifespan of workers in industrial cities compared to other social groups.
- Lower Lifespan: The survey found that the average lifespan of workers was significantly lower in industrial cities like Birmingham, Manchester, and Derby. Workers had a lifespan of 15 years in Birmingham, 17 years in Manchester, and 21 years in Derby, which was much lower compared to other social groups.
- High Mortality Rate: The survey also highlighted that more people died at a young age in the new industrial cities than in the villages they had come from. Half of the children failed to survive beyond the age of 5, indicating a high mortality rate among the population in industrial cities.
- Immigration: Another important factor revealed in the survey was that the increase in the population of cities was primarily due to immigrants rather than an increase in the number of children born to families who already lived there. This influx of immigrants contributed to the overcrowding and poor living conditions in industrial cities.
Overall, the survey in 1842 shed light on the harsh living conditions and low life expectancy of workers in industrial cities, emphasizing the urgent need for improved health facilities and sanitation measures to address the high mortality rates caused by diseases like cholera, typhoid, and tuberculosis.
The major factor that was revealed in the survey conducted in 1842 was the decrease in the lifespan of workers in industrial cities compared to other social groups.
- Lower Lifespan: The survey found that the average lifespan of workers was significantly lower in industrial cities like Birmingham, Manchester, and Derby. Workers had a lifespan of 15 years in Birmingham, 17 years in Manchester, and 21 years in Derby, which was much lower compared to other social groups.
- High Mortality Rate: The survey also highlighted that more people died at a young age in the new industrial cities than in the villages they had come from. Half of the children failed to survive beyond the age of 5, indicating a high mortality rate among the population in industrial cities.
- Immigration: Another important factor revealed in the survey was that the increase in the population of cities was primarily due to immigrants rather than an increase in the number of children born to families who already lived there. This influx of immigrants contributed to the overcrowding and poor living conditions in industrial cities.
Overall, the survey in 1842 shed light on the harsh living conditions and low life expectancy of workers in industrial cities, emphasizing the urgent need for improved health facilities and sanitation measures to address the high mortality rates caused by diseases like cholera, typhoid, and tuberculosis.
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:The Factory managers considered child labour to be important training for future factory work. The evidence from British factory records reveals that about half of the factory workers had started work when they were less than 10 years old and 28% when they were under 14. Women may well have gained increased financial Independence and self-esteem from their jobs but this was more than offset by the humiliating terms of work they endured, the children they lost at birth or in early childhood and the squalid urban slums that industrial work compelled them to live in.Q. Why child labour is considered important for factory work.- a)Training them for future factory work
- b)They are easily available
- c)More efficient in work
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:
The Factory managers considered child labour to be important training for future factory work. The evidence from British factory records reveals that about half of the factory workers had started work when they were less than 10 years old and 28% when they were under 14. Women may well have gained increased financial Independence and self-esteem from their jobs but this was more than offset by the humiliating terms of work they endured, the children they lost at birth or in early childhood and the squalid urban slums that industrial work compelled them to live in.
Q. Why child labour is considered important for factory work.
a)
Training them for future factory work
b)
They are easily available
c)
More efficient in work
d)
All of these
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Because children often helped produce the goods out of their homes, working in a factory to make those same goods was a simple change for many of these youths.
By 1850s, most of Britain was connected by- a)rivers.
- b)railways.
- c)canals.
- d)roads.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
By 1850s, most of Britain was connected by
a)
rivers.
b)
railways.
c)
canals.
d)
roads.
|
|
Arka Sarkar answered |
The invention of railways took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage. Railroads called for the production of more goods. They put factory-made products within the reach of many more people at prices that they could afford to pay.
Among the several factors which made Britain the first industrialised country, the one described as a major economic change, in 18th century, was- a)Common laws.
- b)Single currency and market.
- c)Use of money as medium of exchange.
- d)Agricultural Revolution.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Among the several factors which made Britain the first industrialised country, the one described as a major economic change, in 18th century, was
a)
Common laws.
b)
Single currency and market.
c)
Use of money as medium of exchange.
d)
Agricultural Revolution.
|
|
Samridhi Chavan answered |
In 18th century England, big landlords bought small farms near their own properties and enclosed the village common lands, thus creating very large estates and increasing food production. This led to landlessness of several farmers, who had to search for jobs, which they found in factories, in nearby towns.
Direction: Find out from the following pairs which one is correctly matched:- a)James Watt: Cotton gin
- b)Samuel Morse: Telegraph
- c)Robert Fulton: Sewing machine
- d)Elias Howe: Steam boat
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Find out from the following pairs which one is correctly matched:
a)
James Watt: Cotton gin
b)
Samuel Morse: Telegraph
c)
Robert Fulton: Sewing machine
d)
Elias Howe: Steam boat
|
|
Anirudh Desai answered |
Samuel Morse: Telegraph
The correct answer is option 'B', which states that Samuel Morse is correctly matched with the invention of the telegraph. Let's explore the details behind this answer.
Background:
In the early 19th century, the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication by allowing messages to be transmitted quickly and efficiently over long distances. It played a crucial role in connecting people and information across vast regions.
Samuel Morse:
Samuel Morse was an American inventor and artist who is best known for his contributions to the development of the telegraph. Born in 1791, Morse initially pursued a career as a painter. However, his interest in science and technology led him to experiment with electrical telegraphy.
The Telegraph:
The telegraph is a communication device that uses electrical signals to transmit messages over long distances. Morse developed a system that utilized a combination of electrical currents and a code known as Morse code to represent letters and numbers.
Contributions and Inventions:
- In 1837, Samuel Morse, along with his colleague Alfred Vail, developed a practical telegraph system. They successfully demonstrated the transmission of a message over a distance of two miles in Morristown, New Jersey.
- Morse's telegraph system used a single wire and a series of electromagnets to transmit electrical signals. These signals, when decoded using Morse code, allowed messages to be sent and received.
- Morse code is a system of dots and dashes that represents letters, numbers, and punctuation marks. It enabled operators to communicate messages using a simple and efficient code.
- Morse's invention of the telegraph revolutionized communication, enabling messages to be transmitted quickly and accurately over long distances. It had significant implications for various industries, including journalism, finance, and transportation.
Legacy:
Samuel Morse's invention of the telegraph had a profound impact on the world. It transformed communication by allowing messages to be transmitted faster than ever before. The telegraph laid the foundation for future advancements in telecommunications, leading to the development of the telephone, internet, and other means of long-distance communication.
Overall, Samuel Morse's contribution to the invention of the telegraph is correctly matched, as stated in option 'B'. His innovative system, combined with the development of Morse code, revolutionized communication and paved the way for the modern world of telecommunications.
The correct answer is option 'B', which states that Samuel Morse is correctly matched with the invention of the telegraph. Let's explore the details behind this answer.
Background:
In the early 19th century, the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication by allowing messages to be transmitted quickly and efficiently over long distances. It played a crucial role in connecting people and information across vast regions.
Samuel Morse:
Samuel Morse was an American inventor and artist who is best known for his contributions to the development of the telegraph. Born in 1791, Morse initially pursued a career as a painter. However, his interest in science and technology led him to experiment with electrical telegraphy.
The Telegraph:
The telegraph is a communication device that uses electrical signals to transmit messages over long distances. Morse developed a system that utilized a combination of electrical currents and a code known as Morse code to represent letters and numbers.
Contributions and Inventions:
- In 1837, Samuel Morse, along with his colleague Alfred Vail, developed a practical telegraph system. They successfully demonstrated the transmission of a message over a distance of two miles in Morristown, New Jersey.
- Morse's telegraph system used a single wire and a series of electromagnets to transmit electrical signals. These signals, when decoded using Morse code, allowed messages to be sent and received.
- Morse code is a system of dots and dashes that represents letters, numbers, and punctuation marks. It enabled operators to communicate messages using a simple and efficient code.
- Morse's invention of the telegraph revolutionized communication, enabling messages to be transmitted quickly and accurately over long distances. It had significant implications for various industries, including journalism, finance, and transportation.
Legacy:
Samuel Morse's invention of the telegraph had a profound impact on the world. It transformed communication by allowing messages to be transmitted faster than ever before. The telegraph laid the foundation for future advancements in telecommunications, leading to the development of the telephone, internet, and other means of long-distance communication.
Overall, Samuel Morse's contribution to the invention of the telegraph is correctly matched, as stated in option 'B'. His innovative system, combined with the development of Morse code, revolutionized communication and paved the way for the modern world of telecommunications.
The enclosure movement, which caused hardship to farmers, began from
- a)1770s.
- b)1760s.
- c)1780s.
- d)1790s.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The enclosure movement, which caused hardship to farmers, began from
a)
1770s.
b)
1760s.
c)
1780s.
d)
1790s.
|
|
Rajveer Chaudhary answered |
Under the process known as ‘enclosure’, from the 1770s, hundreds of small farms were merged into larger ones of powerful landlords. It was the legal process in England, during the 18th century, of enclosing a number of small landholdings to create one larger farm. Once enclosed, use of the land became restricted to the owner, and it ceased to be common land for communal use.
ग्राम सभा के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें1. यह एक निकाय है जिसमें पंचायत के क्षेत्र के भीतर एक गांव के मतदाता सूची में पंजीकृत व्यक्ति शामिल होते हैं।2. यह एक ग्राम सभा है जिसमें एक पंचायत के क्षेत्र के सभी पंजीकृत मतदाता शामिल हैं3. यह ऐसी शक्तियों का प्रयोग कर सकता है और ग्रामीण स्तर पर ऐसे कार्य कर सकता है जैसे गाँव की ग्राम पंचायत निर्धारित करती हैइनमें से कौन सा कथन सही है?- a)1 और 2 ही
- b)2 और 3 ही
- c)केवल 1 और 3
- d)उन सभी को
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
ग्राम सभा के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें
1. यह एक निकाय है जिसमें पंचायत के क्षेत्र के भीतर एक गांव के मतदाता सूची में पंजीकृत व्यक्ति शामिल होते हैं।
2. यह एक ग्राम सभा है जिसमें एक पंचायत के क्षेत्र के सभी पंजीकृत मतदाता शामिल हैं
3. यह ऐसी शक्तियों का प्रयोग कर सकता है और ग्रामीण स्तर पर ऐसे कार्य कर सकता है जैसे गाँव की ग्राम पंचायत निर्धारित करती है
इनमें से कौन सा कथन सही है?
a)
1 और 2 ही
b)
2 और 3 ही
c)
केवल 1 और 3
d)
उन सभी को
|
|
Rahul Choudhury answered |
ग्राम सभा: अधिनियम पंचायती राज प्रणाली की नींव के रूप में एक ग्राम सभा के लिए प्रदान करता है। यह एक निकाय है, जिसमें पंचायत के क्षेत्र में शामिल गाँव के मतदाता सूची में गाँव स्तर पर पंजीकृत व्यक्ति होते हैं। इस प्रकार, यह एक ग्राम सभा है जिसमें एक पंचायत के क्षेत्र में सभी पंजीकृत मतदाता शामिल हैं। यह ऐसी शक्तियों का प्रयोग कर सकता है और ग्रामीण स्तर पर ऐसे कार्य कर सकता है जैसे किसी राज्य की विधायिका निर्धारित करती है।
Direction: For each part choose from the following:Assertion (A): Canals were initially built to transport coal to cities.Reason (R): The bulk and weight of coal made its transport by road much slower and more expensive than by barges on canals.- a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: For each part choose from the following:
Assertion (A): Canals were initially built to transport coal to cities.
Reason (R): The bulk and weight of coal made its transport by road much slower and more expensive than by barges on canals.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Canals were initially built to transport coal to cities. This was because the bulk and weight of coal made its transport by road much slower and more expensive than by barges on canals. The demand for coal, as industrial energy and for heating and lighting homes in cities, grew constantly.
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:The invention of the railway took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage in 1801. Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) had devised an engine called the Puffing Devil that pulled trucks around the mine where he worked in Cornwall. In 1814 the railway engineer George Stephenson (1781 - 1848) constructed a locomotive called “The Blucher” that could pull a weight of 30 tons up-to a Hill at 4 mph. The first railway line connected the cities of Stockton and Darlington in 1825, a distance of 9 miles that was completed in two hours at a speed-up of up to 24 kph (15 mph), and the next railway line connected Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. Within 20 years, speeds of 30 to 50 miles an hour were usual.In 1830, the use of canals revealed several problems. The congestion of vessels made movements slow on certain stages of canals; and Frost, flood or draught limited the time of their use. The Railways now appeared as it was convenient alternative. About 6,000 miles of railway was opened in Britain between 1830 and 1850, most of it into short bursts.Q. Which incident took the entire process of industrialization to a second stage?- a)The invention of flying shuttle
- b)The invention of steam engine
- c)The invention of water frame
- d)The invention of the railways
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:
The invention of the railway took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage in 1801. Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) had devised an engine called the Puffing Devil that pulled trucks around the mine where he worked in Cornwall. In 1814 the railway engineer George Stephenson (1781 - 1848) constructed a locomotive called “The Blucher” that could pull a weight of 30 tons up-to a Hill at 4 mph. The first railway line connected the cities of Stockton and Darlington in 1825, a distance of 9 miles that was completed in two hours at a speed-up of up to 24 kph (15 mph), and the next railway line connected Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. Within 20 years, speeds of 30 to 50 miles an hour were usual.
In 1830, the use of canals revealed several problems. The congestion of vessels made movements slow on certain stages of canals; and Frost, flood or draught limited the time of their use. The Railways now appeared as it was convenient alternative. About 6,000 miles of railway was opened in Britain between 1830 and 1850, most of it into short bursts.
Q. Which incident took the entire process of industrialization to a second stage?
a)
The invention of flying shuttle
b)
The invention of steam engine
c)
The invention of water frame
d)
The invention of the railways
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Railways emerged as a new means of transportation available throughout the year. It was both cheap and fast, to carry passengers and goods. In the second stage, the invention of the railways took the entire process of industrialisation. In 1801, Richard Trevithick had devised an engine called the 'Puffing Devil'.
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:The invention of railway took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage in 1801. Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) had devised and engine called the Puffing Devil that pulled trucks around the mine where he worked in Cornwall. In 1814 the railway engineer George Stephenson (1781 - 1848) constructed a locomotive called “The Blucher” that could pull a weight of 30 tons up-to a Hill at 4 mph. The first railway line connected the cities of Stockton and Darlington in 1825, a distance of 9 miles that was completed in two hours at a speed-up of up to 24 kph (15 mph), and the next railway line connected Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. Within 20 years, speeds of 30 to 50 miles an hour were usual.In 1830, the use of canals revealed several problems. The congestion of vessels made movements slow on certain stages of canals; and Frost, flood or draught limited the time of their use. The Railways now appeared as it was convenient alternative. About 6,000 miles of railway was opened in Britain between 1830 and 1850, most of it into short bursts.Q. What was the “Puffing Devil”?- a)An engine
- b)An aeroplane
- c)A railway track
- d)None of these.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:
The invention of railway took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage in 1801. Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) had devised and engine called the Puffing Devil that pulled trucks around the mine where he worked in Cornwall. In 1814 the railway engineer George Stephenson (1781 - 1848) constructed a locomotive called “The Blucher” that could pull a weight of 30 tons up-to a Hill at 4 mph. The first railway line connected the cities of Stockton and Darlington in 1825, a distance of 9 miles that was completed in two hours at a speed-up of up to 24 kph (15 mph), and the next railway line connected Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. Within 20 years, speeds of 30 to 50 miles an hour were usual.
In 1830, the use of canals revealed several problems. The congestion of vessels made movements slow on certain stages of canals; and Frost, flood or draught limited the time of their use. The Railways now appeared as it was convenient alternative. About 6,000 miles of railway was opened in Britain between 1830 and 1850, most of it into short bursts.
Q. What was the “Puffing Devil”?
a)
An engine
b)
An aeroplane
c)
A railway track
d)
None of these.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
In 1801, Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) had devised an engine called the ‘Puffing Devil’ that pulled trucks around the mine where he worked in Cornwall.
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:The Factory managers considered child labour to be important training for future factory work. The evidence from British factory records reveals that about half of the factory workers had started work when they were less than 10 years old and 28% when they were under 14. Women may well have gained increased financial Independence and self-esteem from their jobs but this was more than offset by the humiliating terms of work they endured, the children they lost at birth or in early childhood and the squalid urban slums that industrial work compelled them to live in.Q. According to the extracts, at what age, half of the factory workers had started working in factories.- a)Less than 10 years
- b)Less than 20 years
- c)Less than 18 years
- d)Less than 16 years
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:
The Factory managers considered child labour to be important training for future factory work. The evidence from British factory records reveals that about half of the factory workers had started work when they were less than 10 years old and 28% when they were under 14. Women may well have gained increased financial Independence and self-esteem from their jobs but this was more than offset by the humiliating terms of work they endured, the children they lost at birth or in early childhood and the squalid urban slums that industrial work compelled them to live in.
Q. According to the extracts, at what age, half of the factory workers had started working in factories.
a)
Less than 10 years
b)
Less than 20 years
c)
Less than 18 years
d)
Less than 16 years
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
In 1833 the Government passed a Factory Act to improve conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible. The basic act was as follows:
- no child workers under nine years of age
- employers must have an age certificate for their child workers
- children of 9-13 years to work no more than nine hours a day
- children of 13-18 years to work no more than 12 hours a day
- children are not to work at night
- two hours schooling each day for children
- four factory inspectors appointed to enforce the law
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:A survey in 1842 revealed that the average lifespan of workers was lower than that of any other social group in cities. It was 15 years in Birmingham, 17 in Manchester, 21 in Derby. More people died and died at a young age in the new industrial cities than in villages they had come from. Half the children failed to survive beyond the age of 5. The increase in the population of cities was because of immigrants, rather than by an increase in the number of children born to families who already lived there.Deaths were primarily caused by epidemics of disease that sprang from the pollution of water, like cholera and typhoid, or of the Year air like tuberculosis. More than 31000 people died from an outbreak of cholera in 1832. Until late in the 19th Century, Municipal authorities were negligent in attending to these dangerous conditions of life and the medical knowledge to understand and cure these diseases was unknown.Q. What was the main reason for the increase in population of cities?- a)Increase in birth rate
- b)Increase in immigrants
- c)Increase in industrialisation
- d)Decrease in death rate
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:
A survey in 1842 revealed that the average lifespan of workers was lower than that of any other social group in cities. It was 15 years in Birmingham, 17 in Manchester, 21 in Derby. More people died and died at a young age in the new industrial cities than in villages they had come from. Half the children failed to survive beyond the age of 5. The increase in the population of cities was because of immigrants, rather than by an increase in the number of children born to families who already lived there.
Deaths were primarily caused by epidemics of disease that sprang from the pollution of water, like cholera and typhoid, or of the Year air like tuberculosis. More than 31000 people died from an outbreak of cholera in 1832. Until late in the 19th Century, Municipal authorities were negligent in attending to these dangerous conditions of life and the medical knowledge to understand and cure these diseases was unknown.
Q. What was the main reason for the increase in population of cities?
a)
Increase in birth rate
b)
Increase in immigrants
c)
Increase in industrialisation
d)
Decrease in death rate
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Migration and natural increase, as important factors in urban population growth are closely interlinked. Studies have shown that the relatively young age of migrants to cities generally results in greater contribution to natural population increase because migrants have fewer deaths and more births (Stolnitz, 1984). There is also an apparent time lag between migration to cities and internalization of fertility reducing behaviour. Recent migrants to cities tend to continue having high fertility rates for decades before their values and fertility behaviour change, particularly when access to family planning information and services is limited.
Direction: For each part choose from the following:Assertion (A): Children were often employed in textile factories.Reason(R): Coal mines were safe places to work in.- a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: For each part choose from the following:
Assertion (A): Children were often employed in textile factories.
Reason(R): Coal mines were safe places to work in.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
"Child labour" generally refers to the practice of employing children who work to produce a good or service which can be sold for money in the marketplace regardless of whether or not they are paid for their work. Child labour was a widespread means of providing mass labour at little expense to employers during the Industrial Revolution. The youngest children in the textile factories were usually employed as scavengers and pieces. Piecers had to lean over the spinning-machine to repair the broken threads.
Direction: Find out from the following pairs which one is correctly matched:- a)1694: First English canal built.
- b)1761: Bank of England was formed.
- c)1733: Invention of the Flying Shuttle Loom
- d)1709: Advent of the Industrial Revolution in England
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Find out from the following pairs which one is correctly matched:
a)
1694: First English canal built.
b)
1761: Bank of England was formed.
c)
1733: Invention of the Flying Shuttle Loom
d)
1709: Advent of the Industrial Revolution in England
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Flying shuttle, Machine that represented an important step toward automatic weaving. It was invented by John Kay in 1733. In previous looms, the shuttle was thrown, or passed, through the threads by hand, and wide fabrics required two weavers seated side by side passing the shuttle between them.
Initially, canals were built in England to- a)transport coal to cities.
- b)transport food grains.
- c)transport people.
- d)transport raw cotton.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Initially, canals were built in England to
a)
transport coal to cities.
b)
transport food grains.
c)
transport people.
d)
transport raw cotton.
|
Aarav Saini answered |
Canals were built in Britain to transport coal to cities. Transport of coal from road was much slower and more expensive than by barges on canals.
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:The invention of railway took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage in 1801. Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) had devised and engine called the Puffing Devil that pulled trucks around the mine where he worked in Cornwall. In 1814 the railway engineer George Stephenson (1781 - 1848) constructed a locomotive called “The Blucher” that could pull a weight of 30 tons up-to a Hill at 4 mph. The first railway line connected the cities of Stockton and Darlington in 1825, a distance of 9 miles that was completed in two hours at a speed-up of up to 24 kph (15 mph), and the next railway line connected Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. Within 20 years, speeds of 30 to 50 miles an hour were usual.In 1830, the use of canals revealed several problems. The congestion of vessels made movements slow on certain stages of canals; and Frost, flood or draught limited the time of their use. The Railways now appeared as it was convenient alternative. About 6,000 miles of railway was opened in Britain between 1830 and 1850, most of it into short bursts.Q. What do you think, when did the first phase of the industrial revolution occur?- a)1760-1820
- b)After 1850
- c)After 1720
- d)1720-1750
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:
The invention of railway took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage in 1801. Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) had devised and engine called the Puffing Devil that pulled trucks around the mine where he worked in Cornwall. In 1814 the railway engineer George Stephenson (1781 - 1848) constructed a locomotive called “The Blucher” that could pull a weight of 30 tons up-to a Hill at 4 mph. The first railway line connected the cities of Stockton and Darlington in 1825, a distance of 9 miles that was completed in two hours at a speed-up of up to 24 kph (15 mph), and the next railway line connected Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. Within 20 years, speeds of 30 to 50 miles an hour were usual.
In 1830, the use of canals revealed several problems. The congestion of vessels made movements slow on certain stages of canals; and Frost, flood or draught limited the time of their use. The Railways now appeared as it was convenient alternative. About 6,000 miles of railway was opened in Britain between 1830 and 1850, most of it into short bursts.
Q. What do you think, when did the first phase of the industrial revolution occur?
a)
1760-1820
b)
After 1850
c)
After 1720
d)
1720-1750
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization and innovation during the late 1700s and early 1800s. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and quickly spread throughout the world.
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:A survey in 1842 revealed that the average lifespan of workers was lower than that of any other social group in cities. It was 15 years in Birmingham, 17 in Manchester, 21 in Derby. More people died and died at a young age in the new industrial cities than in villages they had come from. Half the children failed to survive beyond the age of 5. The increase in the population of cities was because of immigrants, rather than by an increase in the number of children born to families who already lived there.Deaths were primarily caused by epidemics of disease that sprang from the pollution of water, like cholera and typhoid, or of the Year air like tuberculosis. More than 31000 people died from an outbreak of cholera in 1832. Until late in the 19th Century, Municipal authorities were negligent in attending to these dangerous conditions of life and the medical knowledge to understand and cure these diseases was unknown.What did the survey of 1842 reveal? Choose the correct option?Assertion (A) : the average lifespan of workers was lower than that of any other social group in citiesReason (R) : deaths were caused by epidemic of diseases like cholera and Typhoid- a)Both ( A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of
- b)(b) Both ( A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (B)
- c)(A) is incorrect but (R) is correct
- d)(R) is incorrect but (B) is correct
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:
A survey in 1842 revealed that the average lifespan of workers was lower than that of any other social group in cities. It was 15 years in Birmingham, 17 in Manchester, 21 in Derby. More people died and died at a young age in the new industrial cities than in villages they had come from. Half the children failed to survive beyond the age of 5. The increase in the population of cities was because of immigrants, rather than by an increase in the number of children born to families who already lived there.
Deaths were primarily caused by epidemics of disease that sprang from the pollution of water, like cholera and typhoid, or of the Year air like tuberculosis. More than 31000 people died from an outbreak of cholera in 1832. Until late in the 19th Century, Municipal authorities were negligent in attending to these dangerous conditions of life and the medical knowledge to understand and cure these diseases was unknown.
What did the survey of 1842 reveal? Choose the correct option?
Assertion (A) : the average lifespan of workers was lower than that of any other social group in cities
Reason (R) : deaths were caused by epidemic of diseases like cholera and Typhoid
a)
Both ( A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of
b)
(b) Both ( A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (B)
c)
(A) is incorrect but (R) is correct
d)
(R) is incorrect but (B) is correct
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
A survey in 1842 revealed that the average lifespan of workers was lower than that of any other social groups in cities. Compared to villages, more people died at a younger age in the new industrial cities. Fifty per cent of children failed to survive beyond the age of five. Population of a city increased because of immigrants. Epidemics, like cholera, typhoid and tuberculosis killed many people. Until late in the nineteenth century, municipal authorities were negligent in tackling these epidemics. Moreover, medical knowledge to understand and cure these diseases was unknown.
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:The Factory managers considered child labour to be important training for future factory work. The evidence from British factory records reveals that about half of the factory workers had started work when they were less than 10 years old and 28% when they were under 14. Women may well have gained increased financial Independence and self-esteem from their jobs but this was more than offset by the humiliating terms of work they endured, the children they lost at birth or in early childhood and the squalid urban slums that industrial work compelled them to live in.Q. As per evidence from British factory records 28% of factory workers are:- a)Less than 10 years old
- b)Less than 14 years old
- c)Less than 18 years old
- d)Less than 20 years old
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the following extract carefully and answer ANY THREE of the following questions by choosing the correct option:
The Factory managers considered child labour to be important training for future factory work. The evidence from British factory records reveals that about half of the factory workers had started work when they were less than 10 years old and 28% when they were under 14. Women may well have gained increased financial Independence and self-esteem from their jobs but this was more than offset by the humiliating terms of work they endured, the children they lost at birth or in early childhood and the squalid urban slums that industrial work compelled them to live in.
Q. As per evidence from British factory records 28% of factory workers are:
a)
Less than 10 years old
b)
Less than 14 years old
c)
Less than 18 years old
d)
Less than 20 years old
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The evidence from British factory records reveals that about half of the factory workers had started work when they were less than 10 years old and 28% when they were under 14.
Direction: Find out from the following pairs which one is correctly matched:- a)1842: The Mines and Collieries Act was passed.
- b)August 1819: Riots of the farm workers.
- c)1848: Revolutionary wars against France
- d)1792 – 1815: 80,000 people gathered at St. Peter ’s field in Manchester were crushed brutally
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Find out from the following pairs which one is correctly matched:
a)
1842: The Mines and Collieries Act was passed.
b)
August 1819: Riots of the farm workers.
c)
1848: Revolutionary wars against France
d)
1792 – 1815: 80,000 people gathered at St. Peter ’s field in Manchester were crushed brutally
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The Mines and Collieries Bill, which was supported by Anthony Ashley-Cooper, was hastily passed by Parliament in 1842. The Act prohibited all underground work for women and girls, and for boys under 10. Further legislation in 1850 addressed the frequency of accidents in mines.
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