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All questions of Indus Valley Civilisation for SSC MTS / SSC GD Exam

Which of the following sites has furnished the proof of the sea faring activity of the Harappan people?
  • a)
    Lothal
  • b)
    Sotka Koh
  • c)
    Kot Diji
  • d)
    Balakot
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Sharma answered
• Lothal was one of the southernmost cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, located in the Bhāl region of the modern state of Gujarāt. Construction of the city began around 2200 BCE.
• Discovered in 1954, Lothal was excavated from 13 February 1955 to 19 May 1960 by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the official Indian government agency for the preservation of ancient monuments.
• According to the ASI, Lothal had the world's earliest known dock, which connected the city to an ancient course of the Sabarmati river on the trade route between Harappan cities in Sindh and the peninsula of Saurashtra when the surrounding Kutch desert of today was a part of the Arabian Sea.

Match the following:
  • a)
    1-D, 2-B, 3-A, 4-C
  • b)
    1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A
  • c)
    1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D
  • d)
    1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-B
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Harappa was discovered in 1920-1921 by Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni Mohanjodaro was discovered in 1922 by R. D. Banerji,  Chanhudaro was discovered by N G Majumdar in 1931, Kot diji was discovered in 1935 by ghumey Above information is true hence option A is correct.

Which of the following statements regarding the Indus valley people is true?
  • a)
    Their script has been deciphered
  • b)
    They were not in contact with Mesopotamia.
  • c)
    They didn't domesticate animals
  • d)
    Their civilisation was possibly theocratic just like the Egyptians and Mesopotamians.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Mohit Joshi answered
The Indus River Valley Civilization, also known as Harappan civilization, developed the first accurate system of standardized weights and measures, some as accurate as to 1.6 mm. Harappans created sculpture, seals, pottery, and jewelry from materials, such as terracotta, metal, and stone.

Who is considered as Father of Indian Archaeology?
  • a)
    Alexander Cunningham
  • b)
    Lord Curzon
  • c)
    Mortimer Wheeler
  • d)
    John Marshall
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vijay Kumar answered
The correct option is A.
Sir Alexander Cunningham
Excavations begun by Sir Alexander Cunningham, the father of Indian archaeology, in 1863–64 and 1872–73

Which was the backbone of Indus economy?
  • a)
    Trade
  • b)
    Carpentary
  • c)
    Agriculture
  • d)
    Wheel-made pottery
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Kumar answered
The correct option is C.
As in most other contemporary civilizations, agriculture was the backbone of the Indus economy. The people made extensive use of the wooden plows. Barley and wheat were the main food crops. Agriculture sustained the rudimentary urban centers that emerged (Studies in World History Volume 1 by James P. Stobaugh).
 

The Harappan houses opened on the main street in which one of the following cities?
  • a)
    Harappa
  • b)
    Mohenjodaro 
  • c)
    Kalibangan
  • d)
    Lothal
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Pooja Shah answered
Lothal was one of the Indus cities that has houses with doors on the main streets. Lothal was one of the southernmost cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, located in the Bhāl region of the modern state of Gujarāt and first inhabited c. 3700 BCE.

The cultivation of crops brought about great changes in man’s life. It marks the beginning of a new age known as the:
  • a)
    Peleolithic age
  • b)
    Mesolithic age
  • c)
    Neolithic age
  • d)
    Chalcolithic age
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

's way of life. With the ability to grow and harvest food, people were no longer solely dependent on hunting and gathering for survival. This led to the development of settled communities, as people could now stay in one place and tend to their crops.

As agriculture advanced, people were able to produce surplus crops, which allowed for trade and commerce to develop. This led to the formation of cities and the growth of civilizations. The cultivation of crops also allowed for the development of new technologies, such as irrigation systems, plows, and fertilizers.

The cultivation of crops also had a significant impact on social structures. With the ability to produce surplus crops, some individuals were able to specialize in other professions, such as craftsmen or traders. This led to the development of social classes and hierarchies.

Overall, the cultivation of crops brought about significant changes in human society and laid the foundation for the development of modern civilization.

Rice-husk has been discovered from which of the Indus settlements?
A. Lothal
B. Rangpur
C. Kalibangan
D. Kot Diji
  • a)
    Only A
  • b)
    Only B and C
  • c)
    Only A and B
  • d)
    All the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Discovery of Rice-husk in Indus Settlements

The discovery of rice-husk in Indus settlements is a significant finding as it provides insights into the food habits and agricultural practices of the Indus Valley Civilization. The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world, and it flourished in the Indus River Valley from about 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.

The discovery of rice-husk has been made in several Indus settlements, including Kalibangan, which is located in present-day Rajasthan, India. Kalibangan was one of the major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, and it was inhabited from about 2500 BCE to 1800 BCE.

Other Indus settlements where rice-husk has been discovered include:

- Lothal: Lothal is located in present-day Gujarat, India, and it was an important port city of the Indus Valley Civilization. It was inhabited from about 2400 BCE to 1900 BCE.

- Rangpur: Rangpur is located in present-day Gujarat, India, and it was a small town of the Indus Valley Civilization. It was inhabited from about 2400 BCE to 1900 BCE.

- Kot Diji: Kot Diji is located in present-day Sindh, Pakistan, and it was a small town of the Indus Valley Civilization. It was inhabited from about 2800 BCE to 1900 BCE.

Significance of the Discovery

The discovery of rice-husk in Indus settlements is significant for several reasons:

- It provides evidence that rice was cultivated in the Indus Valley Civilization, which was previously thought to be a wheat-based civilization.

- It suggests that the Indus Valley Civilization had a diverse agricultural system, which included the cultivation of rice, wheat, barley, and other crops.

- It provides insights into the food habits of the Indus Valley Civilization, which was previously known for its sophisticated urban planning and architecture.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the discovery of rice-husk in Indus settlements is a significant finding that sheds light on the agricultural practices and food habits of the Indus Valley Civilization. The discovery also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research in understanding ancient civilizations.

In the year 1990-91 a Harappan site was discovered at
  • a)
    Dholavira
  • b)
    Manda  
  • c)
    Banwali
  • d)
    Prabhas Patan
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Pooja Shah answered
The correct option is A.
It was first discovered in 1967-68 by J. P. Joshi and excavations began early in the year 1990 by the Archaeological Survey of India. One of the most significant discoveries at Dholavira was made in one of the side rooms of the northern gateway of the city, and is often called the Dholavira Signboard.

At which among the following sites of Indus Valley Civilization, the rows of distinctive fire altars with provision of ritual bathing have been found ? 
  • a)
     Kalibangan
  • b)
    Harappa
  • c)
    Mohen-jo-daro
  • d)
    Lothal​
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sakshi Nair answered
Site of Indus Valley Civilization with distinctive fire altars and ritual bathing provision

Kalibangan

Kalibangan is one of the major sites of Indus Valley Civilization located in present-day Rajasthan, India. It was discovered by Amlanand Ghosh in 1953.

Fire altars

The distinctive rows of fire altars with provision of ritual bathing have been found in the northern part of the citadel area of Kalibangan. These fire altars were rectangular in shape and made of mud bricks.

Ritual bathing provision

The fire altars were surrounded by a large rectangular tank with steps for ritual bathing. The tank was connected to a well through a series of underground drains. This suggests that water was used for the ritual purification of the people before they performed any religious ceremonies.

Significance

The discovery of fire altars and ritual bathing provision at Kalibangan indicates the presence of a highly developed religious and social system in the Indus Valley Civilization. It also suggests that the people of Kalibangan were highly sophisticated and had a great understanding of hygiene and sanitation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the rows of distinctive fire altars with provision of ritual bathing have been found in Kalibangan, one of the major sites of Indus Valley Civilization. This discovery sheds light on the religious and social practices of the people of Indus Valley Civilization and their level of sophistication in terms of hygiene and sanitation.

Swastika symbol is of
  • a)
    Sangam origin
  • b)
    Indus valley origin
  • c)
     Aryan origin 
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Abhiram Khanna answered
The correct answer is option 'B', Indus valley origin.

Explanation:
The swastika is a symbol that has been used for thousands of years by many cultures and religions around the world. It is a symbol of good fortune and well-being. However, in the 20th century, it became associated with the Nazi party and its atrocities, leading to a negative connotation in the Western world.

The swastika symbol has its origins in the Indus Valley Civilization, which existed from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. The symbol was found on many artifacts from this civilization, including pottery, seals, and coins.

The meaning of the swastika in the Indus Valley Civilization is not entirely clear, but it is believed to represent the sun, prosperity, and good luck. The symbol was also used in other ancient cultures, such as the Greeks, Romans, and Celts, where it represented similar ideas of good fortune and well-being.

The swastika symbol was also used in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, where it was known as the "svastika." In these religions, the symbol represents the sun, good luck, and the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

In conclusion, the swastika symbol has a long history and has been used by many cultures and religions around the world. Its origins can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilization, where it represented the sun, prosperity, and good luck. Despite its negative connotations in the Western world, the swastika remains an important symbol in many cultures and religions.

The entry port for trade between the Indus trading centres and Mesopotamia was
  • a)
    Afghanistan
  • b)
    Ur
  • c)
    Elam
  • d)
    Makan
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanvi Kapoor answered
The entry port for trade between the Indus trading centres and Mesopotamia was Bahrain. Bahrain has been at the heart of international trade for many millennia, first as an entry-point between Mesopotamia and the Indus as a focal point for the trade in pearls with merchants across the Indian Ocean.

It is known to all that the people of Indus Valley carried on trade with the famous contemporary centres of culture. How do we know that they carried on trade with Mesopotamia?
  • a)
    There are references in Mesopotamian literature to its merchants carrying on trade with Meluha which is now understood to mean India.
  • b)
    Some Harappan seals have been found in Mesopotamia and vice-versa.
  • c)
    Most of the metals and precious stones discovered from different sites were not locally available and, therefore, must have been imported from outside.
  • d)
    All the above.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanchita Gupta answered
Evidence of Indus Valley trade with Mesopotamia

There is significant evidence to suggest that the people of Indus Valley carried on trade with Mesopotamia, as explained below:

Mesopotamian literature:

- Mesopotamian literature makes references to its merchants carrying on trade with a place called Meluha, which is now understood to refer to India. This suggests that there was an active trading relationship between Mesopotamia and India, which likely included the Indus Valley civilization.

Harappan seals found in Mesopotamia:

- Some Harappan seals have been found in Mesopotamia, and vice versa. These seals were used for trade and administrative purposes and were likely carried by merchants as they traveled between different regions. The presence of these seals in Mesopotamia suggests that there was direct contact and trade between the two regions.

Imported metals and precious stones:

- Most of the metals and precious stones discovered from different Indus Valley sites were not locally available, and therefore must have been imported from outside. This suggests that the Indus Valley civilization had access to trade networks that allowed them to acquire these materials from other regions. Mesopotamia, with its rich mineral resources, would have been a likely source of imported metals and precious stones.

Conclusion:

Taken together, these different pieces of evidence strongly suggest that the people of Indus Valley carried on trade with Mesopotamia. While there is no direct archaeological evidence of trade between the two regions, the literary references, presence of seals, and imported materials all point to a trading relationship that likely included the exchange of goods and ideas.

Which of the following artifacts reveal that the Harappans and the cities of Mesopotamia maintained trade relations?
  • a)
    Sea-shells
  • b)
    Beads
  • c)
    Seals
  • d)
    Terracotta
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanvi Kapoor answered
The correct option is Option C.
Several Indus seals with Harappan script have also been found in Mesopotamia, particularly in Ur, Babylon and Kish. The water buffalos which appears on the Akkadian cylinder seals from the time of Naram-Sin (circa 2250 BCE), may have been imported to Mesopotamia from the Indus as a result of trade.

Which of the following statements on the Harappan civilization is wrong?
  • a)
    Harappan civilization may be called peasanturban.
  • b)
    The Harappan seals were made of soapstone and were mostly square in shape, occasionally round and rarely cylindrical.
  • c)
    Waterproofing in Harappan cities was secured by the use of gypsum and bitumen.
  • d)
    The Harappan civilization made its contribution to the realm of town planning and the cities provided marketing centres.
  • e)
    None of these.
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?

The cylinder seals of Mesopotamia constitute her most original art," wrote the very different square stamp seals used by the ancient Indus civilization. Cylinder seals are "small, barrel-shaped stone object[s] with a hole down. 
The Great Bath is watertight with finely fitted bricks on edge with gypsum plaster and a thick layer of bitumen (waterproof tar)
Town planning is the unique feature of Indus valley civilization. Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. Indus people were the first to build planned cities with scientific drainage systems. The Indus cities were built on a uniform plan.

Which of the following statements about the Indus Valley Civilization is incorrect?
    • a)
      The civilization had advanced drainage systems.
    • b)
      It primarily used metal for construction.
    • c)
      It was one of the earliest urban civilizations.
    • d)
      Evidence of trade with Mesopotamia has been found.
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    Mayank Joshi answered
    Overview of the Indus Valley Civilization
    The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), which flourished around 2500 BCE, is recognized for its remarkable urban planning and advanced technologies. Understanding the civilization's characteristics helps in identifying the incorrect statement regarding it.
    Key Features of the Indus Valley Civilization
    - Advanced Drainage Systems:
    The IVC is well-known for its sophisticated drainage systems, which included covered drains and intricate plumbing. This indicates a high level of urban planning and hygiene.
    - Evidence of Urbanization:
    It was among the earliest urban civilizations, featuring well-planned cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, with grid layouts and standardized brick sizes.
    - Trade Relations:
    Archaeological findings confirm trade with Mesopotamia, showcasing the civilization's economic sophistication and interaction with other cultures.
    Incorrect Statement: Metal Use in Construction
    - Primarily Used Metal for Construction:
    This statement is incorrect. The IVC predominantly used fired brick for construction rather than metal. While metals like copper, bronze, and some gold were used for tools, jewelry, and other artifacts, the structural aspects of their buildings relied on durable clay bricks. This choice was crucial for the longevity and stability of their impressive urban structures.
    Conclusion
    In summary, the Indus Valley Civilization is characterized by its advanced drainage systems, urbanization, and trade networks, but it did not primarily use metal for construction, making option 'B' the incorrect statement.

    The Harappans did not know the use of
    • a)
      Copper 
    • b)
      Iron
    • c)
      Bronze
    • d)
      Gold
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    Pooja Shah answered
    The Harappans did not know the use of Iron. Iron was not discovered by the Harappan people. Since it was a bronze age civilization, it had made many metallurgical advances in copper and bronze but not in Iron. Harappans procured raw material from other neighboring countries like Silver from Afghanistan, Iran, and Iraq, Lead from Kashmir, Rajasthan, Gold was obtained from Karnataka and Copper from Rajasthan. Iron was actually not known to Indus Valley Civilization people or Harappan people.

    Post-Harappan culture has been found in
    • a)
      Amri and Kot Diji
    • b)
      Kalibangan and Banwali
    • c)
      Rangpur and Rojdi
    • d)
      Chanhudaro and Surkotada
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    Kiran Mehta answered
    • Banawali, earlier known as Vanavali is a village and archaeological site situated around 15 km from Fatehabad district of Haryana, India. It belongs to the Indus Valley Civilization period which got settled on the left banks of dried river Saraswati.It was built on the upper middle valley compared to Kalibangan town which was on the lower part.
    • Kalibangan, ancient site of the Indus valley civilization, in northern Rajasthan state, northwestern India.

    The evidence of Indian ships and a piece of woven cloth has been discovered from the seals of which of the following sites?
    • a)
      Lothal
    • b)
      Chanhudaro
    • c)
      Mohenjodaro
    • d)
      Kalibangan
    Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

    Abhijeet Gupta answered
    Evidence of Indian ships and a piece of woven cloth has been discovered from the seals of the Mohenjodaro site.

    Explanation:
    Mohenjodaro is an ancient Indus Valley Civilization site located in present-day Pakistan. It was one of the largest and most advanced cities of its time, with well-planned streets, buildings, and drainage systems. Archaeologists have discovered many artifacts from this site, including seals that provide information about the trade and commerce of the period.

    Some of the seals found at Mohenjodaro depict images of ships and sea creatures, suggesting that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization engaged in maritime trade. The seals also depict images of animals like bulls and elephants, which were likely traded for their meat, hides, and ivory.

    In addition to the seals, archaeologists have also found a piece of woven cloth at Mohenjodaro. This suggests that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization were skilled in weaving and textiles.

    Overall, the discoveries made at Mohenjodaro provide valuable insights into the economic, social, and cultural practices of the Indus Valley Civilization.

    Consider the following statements:
    1. The town planning of Indus Valley Civilization was based on the division of towns into two main parts: citadel/acropolis and lower town.
    2. The use of burnt bricks in the Harappan cities was a standard practice which was also observed in the contemporary buildings of Egypt.
    3. Kalibangan is known for its houses that had individual wells.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • a)
      1 Only
    • b)
      1 and 3 Only
    • c)
      1 and 2 Only
    • d)
      1, 2 and 3
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    1. The town planning of Indus Valley Civilization was based on the division of towns into two main parts: citadel/acropolis and lower town.
      • This is correct. The town planning of major Indus Valley cities like Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Dholavira typically included a division into two parts: the citadel (a raised, fortified area housing important structures like granaries or the Great Bath) and the lower town (where most of the population lived in well-planned residential areas).
    2. The use of burnt bricks in the Harappan cities was a standard practice which was also observed in the contemporary buildings of Egypt.
      • This is incorrect. While the use of burnt (fired) bricks was indeed a standard practice in Harappan cities, contemporary Egyptian buildings primarily used sun-dried mud bricks for most constructions, including houses and some monumental structures. Stone was used for temples and pyramids in Egypt, but burnt bricks were not a common feature as in the Indus Valley.
    3. Kalibangan is known for its houses that had individual wells.
      • This is correct. Kalibangan, an important Indus Valley site, is known for its urban planning, including houses that often had individual wells, a feature also seen in other major sites like Mohenjo-Daro. This reflects the civilization's advanced water management systems.
    Conclusion: Statements 1 and 3 are correct, while Statement 2 is incorrect.
    Answer: B: 1 and 3 Only

    Consider the following statements regarding the religious practices of the Harappan Civilization:
    Statement -I: The Harappans worshipped a male deity who is often identified with modern Hindu god Shiva.
    Statement -II: Evidence of temple structures has been found in Harappan cities, indicating a space dedicated to religious rituals.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
    • a)
      Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.
    • b)
      Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct but Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.
    • c)
      Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.
    • d)
      Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.
    Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

    Valor Academy answered
    • Statement-I is correct because archaeological finds like the Pashupati seal depict a male figure in a yogic posture surrounded by animals, which many scholars interpret as a proto-Shiva figure. This suggests that the Harappans may have worshipped a male deity similar to the Hindu god Shiva.
    • Statement-II is incorrect because there is no evidence of temple structures in Harappan cities. Unlike civilizations such as Egypt and Mesopotamia, the Harappan Civilization does not show any unmistakable remains of temples. Religious activities were likely conducted in homes or at small altars, not in dedicated temple complexes.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.

    What is the primary architectural feature of the Great Granary in Harappa ?
    • a)
      Large columns supporting the structure
    • b)
      Wooden superstructure on top of the brick foundation
    • c)
      Two rows of six rooms along a central passageway
    • d)
      Small triangular openings serving as air ducts
    Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

    Prasad Yadav answered
    The Great Granary of Harappa
    The Great Granary is a significant archaeological structure from the Indus Valley Civilization, specifically located in Harappa. Its architectural features provide insight into the advanced urban planning and storage techniques of the time.
    Primary Architectural Feature
    The most prominent feature of the Great Granary is:
    • Two rows of six rooms along a central passageway: This layout was designed for efficient storage and access to large quantities of grain. The rooms allowed for organized stacking and retrieval, highlighting the granary's role in managing food supplies.

    Significance of the Design
    The architecture of the Great Granary reflects the following:
    • Efficient Use of Space: The arrangement of rooms facilitated easy movement and handling of goods, which was crucial for trade and sustenance in a bustling urban environment.
    • Enhanced Storage Capacity: The structured design maximized the available space, allowing for the storage of significant amounts of agricultural produce.
    • Central Passageway: This feature provided a systematic approach to accessing the stored grains, ensuring that they could be used or distributed as needed.

    Conclusion
    In summary, the Great Granary's architectural design, characterized by two rows of six rooms along a central passageway, exemplifies the sophistication of the Harappan civilization in terms of agricultural management and urban planning. This feature not only served practical purposes but also indicated a high level of social organization and economic strategy.

    Consider the following statements:
    Statement-I:
    The Indus Valley Civilization had entered a mature stage by 2600 BC with the establishment of large urban centers like Harappa and Mohenjodaro.
    Statement-II:
    The signs of a gradual decline of the Indus River Valley Civilization started around 1800 BC.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
    • a)
      Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
    • b)
       Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
    • c)
      Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
    • d)
      Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
    Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

    Aspire Academy answered
    Statement-I: The Indus Valley Civilization reached its mature phase around 2600 BC with urban centers like Harappa and Mohenjodaro. This is historically accurate as these cities exemplified urban planning, architecture, and social organization.
    Statement-II: The decline of the Indus Valley Civilization is observed around 1800 BC. Archaeological evidence suggests signs of decline, such as reduced urban quality and changes in settlement patterns.
     Both statements are correct, but Statement-II about the decline does not explain the mature stage described in Statement-I. Thus, option A is correct.

    Which of the following statement is wrong?
    • a)
      Ivory objects were imported to India.
    • b)
      About thirty Indus valley seals have been found from Sumer.
    • c)
      Similar seals have been found from Elam and Mesopotamia.
    • d)
      Trade was carried on with Sumer partly by land and through Baluchistan partly by sea.
    • e)
      All the given statements are correct.
    Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

    Correct Answer :- a
    Explanation :  Four major raids conducted in the past six-eight months suggest a resurgence of ivory trade within India. The ivory trade is currently banned in the country. A Ganesha idol made of ivory. Elephants are killed for their tusks. There was considerable commercial trade between the two countries is proved beyond reasonable doubt by some thirty Indus seals which have actually been excavated in Sumer—and no doubt hundreds more are still  lying buried in the Sumerian ruins—and which must have been brought there in one way or another from their land of origin.

    Which of the following is not true of the Indus valley people?
    • a)
      For children, they made cattle with movable heads, monkeys sliding down a string, little toys, and whistles shaped like birds,
    • b)
      They did not make terracotta statuettes of women fully clothed with elaborate head dresses.
    • c)
      They made bronze statuette of dancing girl.
    • d)
      They made tiny monkeys and squirrels which were used as pin-heads and beads.
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    Explanation:

    The correct answer is option B: They did not make terracotta statuettes of women fully clothed with elaborate headdresses.

    1. Terracotta statuettes of women fully clothed with elaborate headdresses were not found: The Indus Valley people were known for their artistic skills, and they created a variety of figurines and statues. However, terracotta statuettes of women fully clothed with elaborate headdresses have not been discovered. The absence of such figurines suggests that the Indus Valley people did not create them.

    2. The creation of various toys and figurines: The Indus Valley people were skilled craftsmen and created a wide range of toys and figurines. These included cattle with movable heads, monkeys sliding down a string, little toys, and whistles shaped like birds. These toys and figurines were often made using materials such as terracotta, bronze, and stone.

    3. Bronze statuette of dancing girl: One of the most famous artifacts from the Indus Valley civilization is the bronze statuette of a dancing girl. This statuette, found in Mohenjo-daro, depicts a young girl in a dancing pose. It is a testament to the artistic abilities of the Indus Valley people and their knowledge of bronze casting techniques.

    4. Creation of tiny monkeys and squirrels: The Indus Valley people also created tiny figurines of animals like monkeys and squirrels. These figurines were often used as pin-heads and beads, indicating that they had both functional and decorative purposes.

    In conclusion, while the Indus Valley people were known for their artistic skills and the creation of various toys and figurines, there is no evidence to suggest that they made terracotta statuettes of women fully clothed with elaborate headdresses. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

    What does the presence of small settling pools and traps in the drainage system of Harappa primarily indicate?
    • a)
      Importance attached to social and personal hygiene
    • b)
      Advancement in Municipal system
    • c)
      Proper agricultural technique
    • d)
      Good knowledge of brick mortar construction
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    The inclusion of small settling pools and traps in the drainage system of Harappa reflects a highly advanced municipal system. These features were designed to collect sediment and debris, preventing blockages and facilitating maintenance of the drainage network. This demonstrates sophisticated urban planning and engineering, characteristic of the Indus Valley Civilization's municipal infrastructure.

    Consider the following statements about the Harappan Civilization:
    1. The Harappan Civilization was discovered first in the modern site of Mohenjo-Daro in Sindh, Pakistan.
    2. The civilization extended from Jammu in the north to the Daimabad in the south.
    3. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were connected by the Ganges River.
    How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • a)
      Only two
    • b)
      Only one
    • c)
      All three
    • d)
      None
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    Analysis of Statements on Harappan Civilization
    The Harappan Civilization, one of the earliest urban cultures in South Asia, is often studied for its significant contributions to history. Let's evaluate the given statements:
    Statement 1: The Harappan Civilization was discovered first in the modern site of Mohenjo-Daro in Sindh, Pakistan.
    - This statement is correct. Mohenjo-Daro, located in present-day Sindh, was one of the first sites to be excavated and identified as part of the Harappan Civilization, which emerged around 2500 BCE.
    Statement 2: The civilization extended from Jammu in the north to the Daimabad in the south.
    - This statement is correct but requires clarification. The Harappan Civilization indeed extended across a vast area, including regions in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. While Jammu is in the northern part, Daimabad is located in Maharashtra, which is somewhat south of the core Harappan sites. Thus, the statement is true in terms of geographical span but can be misleading in terms of direct connectivity.
    Statement 3: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were connected by the Ganges River.
    - This statement is incorrect. Harappa is situated in the Punjab region, while the Ganges River flows much farther east in India and does not connect these two major sites. Instead, they were part of the same civilization but not connected by this river.
    Conclusion
    - Out of the three statements, only two statements are correct: the first and the second (with clarification). Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B': Only one statement is explicitly true without qualifiers.

    Match the following:
    • a)
      [A-II], [B-III], [C-IV], [D-I], [E-V]
    • b)
      [A-III], [B-I], [C-II], [D-IV], [E-V]
    • c)
      [A-IV], [B-II], [C-I], [D-V], [E-III]
    • d)
      [A-III], [B-I], [C-IV], [D-V], [E-II]
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    Om Malik answered
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    Jade refers to an ornamental mineral, mostly known for its green varieties. It can refer to either of two different silicate minerals: nephrite, or jadeite. Jade is featured prominently in East Asian, South Asian and Southeast Asian art, but also has an important place in many other cultures.
    Turquoise mine, natural site of Khorasan and Iran.
    Neyshabur Turquoise Mine as Natural Tourist Attraction in Khorasan is considered the oldest turquoise mine in the world.
     

    A scale has not been found at which of the Harappan sites?
    • a)
      Harappa
    • b)
      Surkotada
    • c)
      Mohenjodaro
    • d)
      Lothal
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    Harappan Civilization and Scale at Harappan Sites

    The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the earliest civilizations in the world, flourishing in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent from around 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. The civilization was characterized by its advanced urban planning, trade networks, and sophisticated systems of writing, art, and technology. One of the key features of the Harappan civilization was its use of standardized weights and measures, which allowed for efficient trade and commerce across the region.

    There were several major Harappan sites that have been excavated and studied by archaeologists, including Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Lothal, and Surkotada. At each of these sites, archaeologists have found evidence of a complex and sophisticated civilization, including well-planned cities, advanced irrigation systems, and intricate crafts and artworks.

    Missing Scale at Surkotada

    However, there is one Harappan site where a scale has not been found: Surkotada. Surkotada is located in the Kutch district of Gujarat, India, and was excavated by archaeologist J.P. Joshi in the 1970s. Although Joshi uncovered a number of important artifacts at the site, including pottery, beads, and jewelry, he did not find any evidence of a scale.

    This absence of a scale at Surkotada is somewhat puzzling, given that scales have been found at other Harappan sites, including Harappa and Mohenjodaro. It is possible that Surkotada simply did not have a need for a scale, or that the scales used at the site were made from organic materials that did not survive the centuries.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, the Harappan civilization was a remarkable achievement of human history, characterized by its advanced urban planning, trade networks, and sophisticated systems of writing, art, and technology. While scales have been found at most of the major Harappan sites, including Harappa, Mohenjodaro, and Lothal, they have not been found at Surkotada. The reason for this absence remains a mystery, but it does not detract from the overall significance of the Harappan civilization and its accomplishments.

    Consider the following statements regarding Old Stone Age sites.
    1. The Old Stone age sites were generally located away from water sources to avoid flooding.
    2. Most of these Old stone age sites are concentrated in Southern India with the exception of Adamgarh hill and Bhimbetka.
    Which of the above statements is/are correct?
    • a)
      1 only
    • b)
      2 only
    • c)
      Both 1 and 2
    • d)
      Neither 1 nor 2
    Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

    Kavya Shah answered
    Old Stone Age Sites in India

    Introduction:
    The Old Stone Age, also known as the Paleolithic period, is the earliest and longest period of human history. The archaeological sites of this period provide us with a glimpse of the life and culture of our ancestors. In India, Old Stone Age sites are found in various parts of the country.

    Statement 1: The Old Stone age sites were generally located away from water sources to avoid flooding.
    This statement is incorrect. Old Stone Age sites were generally located near water sources such as rivers, lakes, and springs. This is because water was essential for the survival of early humans as it provided them with drinking water and also helped in hunting and gathering activities.

    Statement 2: Most of these Old stone age sites are concentrated in Southern India with the exception of Adamgarh hill and Bhimbetka.
    This statement is also incorrect. Old Stone Age sites are found all over India, from the foothills of the Himalayas to the Deccan Plateau. Some of the important Old Stone Age sites in India are:

    - Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh
    - Adamgarh hill in Madhya Pradesh
    - Hunsgi in Karnataka
    - Kurnool caves in Andhra Pradesh
    - Narmada valley in Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat
    - Soan valley in Punjab and Haryana
    - Bori in Maharashtra

    Conclusion:
    In conclusion, both the statements given in the question are incorrect. Old Stone Age sites in India were generally located near water sources and are found all over the country. These sites provide valuable insights into the life and culture of our ancestors and are an important part of our heritage.

    Which of the following showed the greatest uniformity in Indus Valley Civilization settlement?
    • a)
       Town planning    
    • b)
      Bricks     
    • c)
       Religious practices
    • d)
      Building   
    Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

    The greatest uniformity is noticed in the layouts of the towns, streets, structures, brick size, drains, etc. Almost all the major sites (Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Kalibangan and others) are divided into two parts-a citadel on higher mound on the western side and a lower town on the eastern side of the Indus Valley Civilization settlement.
    Therefore Correct Answer- Option A

    Match the following:
    • a)
      [A-II], [B-I], [C-IV], [D-III]
    • b)
      [A-I], [B-II], [C-III], [D-IV]  
    • c)
      [A-III], [B-II], [C-I], [D-IV]
    • d)
      [A-II], [B-I], [C-III], [D-IV]
    Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

    1) The Mesolithic or middle stone age is an archaeological term used to describe specific cultures that fall between the paleolithic and neolithic periods. Mesolithic identified as a prehistoric period. Some Mesolithic people continued with intensive hunting, while others practiced the initial stages of domestication. Some Mesolithic settlements were villages of huts, others walled cities.
    2) Advanced Neolithic is the final division of stone age. In these, sedentary villages had been established. As the Natufians had become dependent on wild cereals in their diet and a sedentary way of life had begun among them, the climatic changes associated with the Younger Dryas (about 10000 BC) are thought to have forced people to develop farming. In other words, farming communities had arisen in this period.
    3) Early Neolithic is the initiation to age of chipped stone tools and preceded the bronze age or early period of metal tools. There was incipient means beginning.
    So according to me,
    1-B;. 2-A;. 3- D; 4- C.

    Which archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization also known as Parasaram-ka-khera?
    • a)
      Alamgirpur 
    • b)
      Lothal 
    • c)
       Harappa
    • d)
       Mohenjodaro 
    Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

    The archaeological site known as Parasaram-ka-khera is identified as Alamgirpur. This site is significant for its connection to the Indus Valley Civilization.
    • Alamgirpur is located in the present-day state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
    • It is one of the earliest sites of the Indus Valley Civilization.
    • Excavations have revealed various artefacts that provide insights into the culture and lifestyle of its inhabitants.

    Which of the following is/are common to the Indus civilisation as well as those of Sumer, Mesopotamia and Egypt etc?
    • a)
      Pictorial writings.
    • b)
      Vessels of copper and bronze.
    • c)
      Use of potter’s wheel.
    • d)
      The mother goddess is common to Indus valley as well as Greece.
    • e)
      All of the above
    Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?

    Gaurav Iyer answered
    A) Pictorial writings.

    Both the Indus civilization and the civilizations of Sumer, Mesopotamia, and Egypt used pictorial writings as a form of communication. The Indus civilization had a script that is yet to be deciphered, but it contained pictorial symbols. Similarly, Sumerian, Mesopotamian, and Egyptian civilizations used hieroglyphs and cuneiform writing systems that incorporated pictorial elements.

    b) Vessels of copper and bronze.

    Copper and bronze vessels were commonly used in the Indus civilization as well as in the civilizations of Sumer, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. These civilizations had advancements in metallurgy and developed techniques to create copper and bronze vessels for various purposes, such as storage, cooking, and rituals.

    c) Use of pottery.

    The use of pottery was also common among the Indus civilization, Sumer, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. Pottery was used for various purposes, including storage, cooking, and serving food. These civilizations developed pottery techniques and created a wide range of pottery vessels with different shapes, designs, and uses.

    The sea-borne trade is proved by the discovery of an ancient dockyard, connected through the Bhogavar river with the Gulf of Cambay was at:
    • a)
      Rangpur
    • b)
      Ropar
    • c)
      Lothal
    • d)
      Surkotada.
    Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

    C is the correct option.The discovery of the Lothal port and dock in 1955 highlighted the maritime ... The structure was stratigraphically connected to the old riverbed of Sabarmati. ... Sabarmati rivers and at present is some twelve miles from the Gulf of Cambay coast. this trade was at least partly sea-borne is proved by the discovery of an ancient dockyard at Lothal, connected through the Bhogavar river with the Gulf of Cambay.

    Consider the following statements about the agricultural practices of the Harappan Civilization:
    1. The Harappans were among the first to cultivate rice and cotton.
    2. Barley and wheat were the main crops, but rice cultivation was unknown to the Harappans.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
    • a)
      Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.
    • b)
      Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct but Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.
    • c)
      Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.
    • d)
      Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.
    Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

    Understanding the Statements
    The two statements about the agricultural practices of the Harappan Civilization present contrasting views regarding their crop cultivation.
    Statement I: Cultivation of Rice and Cotton
    - This statement claims that the Harappans were among the first to cultivate rice and cotton.
    - Archaeological evidence suggests that while cotton was indeed cultivated, rice was not a staple crop in the Harappan Civilization.
    Statement II: Main Crops of Barley and Wheat
    - This statement asserts that barley and wheat were the primary crops of the Harappans.
    - Historical data indicates that barley and wheat were indeed the main crops, while rice was less prominent or possibly absent in their agricultural practices.
    Analysis of Correctness
    - Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect:
    - The Harappans did cultivate cotton, but rice cultivation was not a significant part of their agriculture, contradicting Statement I.
    - Conversely, Statement II is accurate in stating that barley and wheat were the main crops.
    Conclusion
    Hence, the correct option is C: "Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect." This analysis clarifies the agricultural practices of the Harappan Civilization, emphasizing their reliance on barley and wheat while acknowledging their cultivation of cotton without significant rice farming.

    Consider the following statements:
    Statement I: The Great Granary in Mohenjodaro was built on a massive brick foundation and featured a central passageway.
    Statement II: The design of the Great Granary allowed for air circulation beneath the floor to keep the stored grain cool and dry.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
    • a)
      Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
    • b)
      Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I 
    • c)
      Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
    • d)
      Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
    Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

    Statement I: The Great Granary in Mohenjo-Daro was built on a massive brick foundation and featured a central passageway: This is correct. The Great Granary, a significant structure in Mohenjo-Daro, was constructed on a large platform made of baked bricks to protect it from flooding. Archaeological evidence suggests it had a central passageway or aisles, likely for loading and unloading grain or for ventilation purposes.
    Statement II: The design of the Great Granary allowed for air circulation beneath the floor to keep the stored grain cool and dry.: This is also correct. The granary's design included raised platforms with air ducts or channels beneath the floor, which facilitated air circulation. This helped keep the stored grain cool and dry, preventing spoilage.
    However, Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I. While the air circulation system was an important feature, it was not the reason why the foundation was massive or why there was a central passageway. The passageway was more likely related to the design for storage and movement of goods rather than the ventilation system itself.
    Hence, the correct answer - Option A

    Consider the following statements regarding the town planning of the Harappan Civilization:
    1. The grid system was a hallmark of Harappan urban design, with roads cutting across each other almost at right angles.
    2. The Harappan cities lacked any form of drainage system, reflecting a minimal concern for public health and hygiene.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
    • a)
      Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.
    • b)
      Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct but Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.
    • c)
      Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.
    • d)
      Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.
    Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

    Sneha Sen answered
    Understanding the Harappan Civilization's Town Planning
    The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, is renowned for its advanced urban planning. Let's analyze the two statements regarding this civilization's town planning.
    Statement-I: Grid System in Urban Design
    - The Harappan cities were characterized by a sophisticated grid system.
    - Roads were laid out in a precise manner, often intersecting at right angles, which facilitated organized movement and zoning.
    - Key cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro exemplify this planning style, with streets that were wide and straight.
    Statement-II: Lack of Drainage System
    - Contrary to the assertion in Statement-II, the Harappan cities had an advanced drainage system.
    - They implemented covered drains along major streets, with individual homes often connected to these drainage systems.
    - This infrastructure indicates a significant concern for public health and hygiene, contrary to what Statement-II suggests.
    Conclusion
    - The evaluation reveals that Statement-I is correct as it accurately describes the grid system.
    - Statement-II is incorrect because the Harappan civilization had an effective drainage system, demonstrating their awareness of public health.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C': Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect. The Harappan Civilization's urban planning reflects remarkable foresight in health and hygiene, marking it as one of the most advanced of its time.

    Consider the following pairs:

    How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
    • a)
      Only one pair
    • b)
      Only two pairs
    • c)
      All three pairs
    • d)
      None of the pairs
    Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

    • Rice remains have been discovered at Lothal, indicating its cultivation.
    • Cotton, known to the Greeks as "sindon," was indeed produced in the region, with evidence found in areas like Mohenjo-Daro.
    • Wheat was a staple crop of the Harappan Civilization, with evidence of its cultivation found in various sites, including Harappa. Thus, all pairs are correctly matched.
    Old NCERT

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