How did Gandhiji launch the civil disobedience movement? what were its limitations.?

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Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement because Lord Irwin ignored Gandhi's eleven demands including the abolition of the salt tax. 4 Features of the Movement: 1. Gandhi began his salt march from Sabarmati and reached Dandi on 6th April where he manufactured salt and broke the law.

the limitations are:

(i) The Dalits or the Untouchables did not actively participate in the movement, they demanded reservation of seats, separate electorates
.
(ii) Dr B.R. Ambedkar clashed with Gandhiji.

(iii) Muslim political organisations also kept away from the Movement.

Answer

Gandhiji launched the civil disobedience movement in 1930 as a significant step towards achieving India's independence from British rule. The movement aimed to challenge unjust laws and policies imposed by the British government and mobilize the masses in a nonviolent manner. While the movement had several successes, it also had its limitations.

Gandhiji's Launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement:

Gandhiji's strategy for launching the civil disobedience movement can be understood in the following steps:

1. Salt March: On March 12, 1930, Gandhiji embarked on the famous Salt March from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, a coastal village in Gujarat. This march was undertaken to protest the British monopoly on salt production and the Salt Act, which imposed a heavy tax on salt. The march covered a distance of around 390 kilometers and gathered immense public attention, serving as a symbol of nonviolent resistance.

2. Civil Disobedience: Following the Salt March, Gandhiji initiated the civil disobedience movement by encouraging people to break the British salt laws. Thousands of Indians across the country began producing salt illegally, organizing protests, and boycotting British goods. The movement spread rapidly, encompassing various acts of noncooperation and nonviolent resistance against the British government.

Limitations of the Civil Disobedience Movement:

While the civil disobedience movement played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence, it also faced certain limitations:

1. Repressive Measures: The British government responded to the movement with a series of repressive measures, including mass arrests, police brutality, and censorship. These actions aimed to suppress the movement's momentum and deter people from participating actively.

2. Regional Imbalances: The impact of the civil disobedience movement varied across different regions of India. While it witnessed significant participation in some areas, other regions remained relatively unaffected. This regional imbalance limited the movement's overall effectiveness and hindered its ability to achieve widespread change.

3. Lack of Unity: The movement faced challenges in maintaining unified action and coordination among its participants. Diverse political ideologies and conflicting interests often hindered the movement's ability to present a cohesive front against the British government.

4. Socioeconomic Factors: The civil disobedience movement primarily attracted the participation of the educated middle class and urban population. The rural masses, who constituted a significant portion of India's population, faced obstacles in actively participating due to factors such as illiteracy, poverty, and limited awareness of the movement's objectives.

5. Limited Reforms: While the movement achieved some immediate successes, such as the release of political prisoners and the suspension of the salt tax in some areas, it did not result in significant long-term policy changes or India's immediate independence. The British government implemented limited reforms to address some grievances, but the larger goal of independence remained elusive.

In conclusion, Gandhiji launched the civil disobedience movement through the Salt March and widespread acts of nonviolent resistance. However, the movement faced limitations such as repressive measures, regional imbalances, lack of unity, socioeconomic factors, and limited reforms. Despite these limitations, the civil disobedience movement played a pivotal role in galvanizing the Indian masses and furthering the cause of independence.

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