explain development of dicot embryo Related: NCERT Solutions - Sexual...
explain development of dicot embryo Related: NCERT Solutions - Sexual...
**Development of Dicot Embryo**
The development of a dicot embryo occurs within the ovule of a flowering plant and involves several stages. Let's discuss each stage in detail:
1. **Fertilization**: After the process of pollination, the pollen grain lands on the stigma of the flower. The pollen tube then grows down through the style and reaches the ovule. The male gametes are released from the pollen tube and one of them fuses with the egg cell present within the ovule. This process is known as fertilization.
2. **Zygote Formation**: The fusion of the male gamete with the egg cell results in the formation of a zygote. The zygote is the first cell of the new plant and is diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes.
3. **Embryo Development**: The zygote undergoes several divisions to form an embryo. The first division of the zygote is transverse, leading to the formation of a terminal cell and a basal cell. The terminal cell gives rise to the embryo, while the basal cell forms the suspensor, which anchors the embryo to the parent plant. The suspensor also helps in the transfer of nutrients to the developing embryo.
4. **Embryonic Tissues**: The embryo further develops and differentiates into three primary embryonic tissues: the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium. The protoderm gives rise to the epidermis, the outermost layer of cells. The ground meristem develops into the ground tissue system, including the cortex and pith. The procambium differentiates into the vascular tissue system, comprising the xylem and phloem.
5. **Cotyledon Formation**: Dicot embryos typically have two cotyledons, which are the first leaves of the new plant. The cotyledons develop from the embryo's terminal cell and play a crucial role in storing and providing nutrients to the developing seedling after germination.
6. **Maturation**: As the embryo continues to develop, it undergoes maturation, during which various structures, such as the shoot apical meristem, root apical meristem, and plumule, form. The shoot apical meristem gives rise to the shoot system, including stems, leaves, and flowers, while the root apical meristem develops into the root system. The plumule develops into the first true leaves of the plant.
Thus, the development of a dicot embryo involves fertilization, zygote formation, embryo development, formation of embryonic tissues, cotyledon formation, and maturation. These processes ultimately give rise to a fully developed dicot plant.
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