In flowering plants, both male and female gametes are non-motile to bring them together for fertilization

Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, have evolved a diverse range of reproductive strategies to ensure successful fertilization. Unlike most animals, the male and female gametes in flowering plants are non-motile, meaning they cannot move on their own. Therefore, specialized mechanisms and structures have evolved to bring these gametes together for fertilization to occur.

Structure of the Flower
The flower is the reproductive structure of flowering plants. It consists of different parts, including the male reproductive organs called stamens and the female reproductive organs called carpels.

- Stamens: The stamens are composed of a filament and an anther. The anther produces pollen grains, which contain the male gametes or sperm cells.
- Carpels: The carpels consist of three major parts - stigma, style, and ovary. The stigma is a sticky structure that receives the pollen. The style is a long tube-like structure that connects the stigma to the ovary. The ovary contains the ovules, which contain the female gametes or egg cells.

Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma. It can occur through different mechanisms.

- Wind Pollination: In some plants, the pollen is light and produced in large quantities, making it easily carried by the wind. These plants usually have small, inconspicuous flowers with exposed stigmas to catch the wind-borne pollen.
- Animal Pollination: Many flowering plants rely on animals, especially insects, for pollination. They have evolved attractive flowers with colors, shapes, and scents to attract pollinators. When an animal visits a flower for nectar or pollen, some pollen grains stick to its body and are later transferred to the stigma of another flower.

Fertilization
Once the pollen grains reach the stigma, they germinate, forming a pollen tube that grows down through the style towards the ovary. The pollen tube carries the male gametes towards the ovules.

- Double Fertilization: Within the ovule, the pollen tube releases two male gametes. One male gamete fuses with the egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote, which develops into the embryo. The other male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei in the ovule, forming a triploid nucleus, which develops into the endosperm, a nutrient-rich tissue that nourishes the developing embryo.

Conclusion
In flowering plants, the non-motile nature of both male and female gametes necessitates the use of specialized mechanisms for bringing them together. These mechanisms include pollination by wind or animals and the growth of a pollen tube to deliver the male gametes to the ovules. This unique process of fertilization ensures successful reproduction in flowering plants.

In Angiosperms the type of fertilisation is siphanogamous oogamy (pollen tube carry male gamets to reach egg cell)