Describe the main features of indian constitution?

Question

Answer

¶¶ Salient Features of the Indian Constitution:

1. The lengthiest Constitution in the world.
2. Parliamentary form of Government.
3. Unique blend of rigidity and flexibility.
4. Fundamental Rights.
5. Directive Principles of State policy (DPSP).
6. A federation with strong centralising tendency.
7. Adult Suffrage.
8. An Independent Judiciary.
9. A Secular State.
10. Single Citizenship.

Answer

A Constitution of a country is a set of written rules that are accepted by all people living together in a country. Constitution is the supreme law that determines the relationship among people living in a territory and also the relationship between the people and government. A constitution performs several functions:
(i) It generates a decree of trust and coordination that is necessary for different kind of people to live together.
(ii) It species how the government will be constituted, who will have power to take which decisions.
(iii) It lays down limits on the powers of the government and tells us what the rights of the citizens are.
(iv) It expresses the aspirations of the people about creating a good society.

Answer

Answer

The Main Features of the Indian Constitution:

The Indian Constitution, adopted on 26th November 1949, is a comprehensive document that serves as the supreme law of the country. It is the framework that outlines the political, social, and economic structure of India. Here are the main features of the Indian Constitution:

1. Lengthy and Detailed:
- The Indian Constitution is one of the lengthiest written constitutions in the world, containing a preamble and 470 articles, divided into 25 parts, along with 12 schedules and 5 appendices.
- It covers a wide range of topics, including fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, the structure of government, the judiciary, and more.

2. Federal System with Unitary Bias:
- The Indian Constitution establishes a federal system of government where power is divided between the central government and the states.
- However, it also has a unitary bias, as the central government has more authority and control over the states in certain areas, such as defense, foreign affairs, and communication.

3. Parliamentary Democracy:
- India follows the parliamentary form of government, where the President is the head of state, and the Prime Minister is the head of government.
- The Parliament consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), making it a bicameral legislature.

4. Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties:
- The Indian Constitution guarantees several fundamental rights to its citizens, including the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, and the right to life and personal liberty.
- It also includes fundamental duties that citizens are expected to fulfill, such as respecting the Constitution, promoting harmony, and protecting public property.

5. Secularism:
- The Indian Constitution promotes the principle of secularism, ensuring the state's neutrality in matters of religion.
- Every citizen has the right to practice and propagate any religion of their choice, and the state does not favor any particular religion.

6. Independent Judiciary:
- The Constitution establishes an independent judiciary that acts as the guardian of the Constitution and protector of fundamental rights.
- The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the country, with the power of judicial review to ensure the constitutionality of laws.

7. Directive Principles of State Policy:
- The Indian Constitution includes directive principles of state policy, which are guidelines for the government to frame policies and laws for the welfare of the people.
- These principles include provisions for social justice, economic equality, and the promotion of educational opportunities.

8. Universal Adult Suffrage:
- The Constitution grants universal adult suffrage, ensuring that every citizen above the age of 18 has the right to vote in elections.
- This provision ensures democratic representation and participation in the decision-making process.

In conclusion, the Indian Constitution is a comprehensive and detailed document that lays the foundation for India's governance. It encompasses various features such as federalism, parliamentary democracy, fundamental rights, secularism, an independent judiciary, and more, ensuring the protection of citizens' rights and the welfare of the nation as a whole.

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