Consider the following pairs: Case Outcome/Judgement1. Shankari Prasad...
The correct answer is option 'D' - 1, 2, and 3. Let's understand each pair in detail:
a) Shankari Prasad case: Parliament can abridge any of the Fundamental Rights
In the Shankari Prasad case (1951), the Supreme Court held that the power of the Parliament to amend the Constitution under Article 368 includes the power to amend or abridge any of the Fundamental Rights. This case established the principle that the Parliament has the authority to amend the Constitution, including the Fundamental Rights.
b) Keshavananda Bharti case: Evolution of Basic structure doctrine
In the Keshavananda Bharti case (1973), the Supreme Court introduced the concept of the 'Basic structure doctrine'. The case was a landmark judgment that limited the amending power of the Parliament. It held that while the Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution, it cannot destroy or damage its basic structure. The basic structure doctrine ensures that certain fundamental features of the Constitution, such as the supremacy of the Constitution, separation of powers, federalism, etc., cannot be amended or abrogated by the Parliament.
c) Minerva Mills case: Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles should be balanced
In the Minerva Mills case (1980), the Supreme Court emphasized the importance of balancing Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy. It held that both Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles are equally important and should be harmoniously interpreted to achieve the goals of social and economic justice. The court ruled that any law enacted by the Parliament that infringes upon the basic structure of the Constitution or violates the essential features of the Constitution would be declared unconstitutional.
In summary, the Shankari Prasad case established the Parliament's power to amend or abridge Fundamental Rights, the Keshavananda Bharti case introduced the concept of the basic structure doctrine, and the Minerva Mills case emphasized the need to balance Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles. Therefore, the correct pairs are 1, 2, and 3 (option D).
To make sure you are not studying endlessly, EduRev has designed UPSC study material, with Structured Courses, Videos, & Test Series. Plus get personalized analysis, doubt solving and improvement plans to achieve a great score in UPSC.