Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are medical procedures that assist individuals or couples in achieving pregnancy when they are facing fertility issues. These technologies are designed to overcome various obstacles to conception and can involve both simple and complex procedures. The correct answer to this question is option 'C', which states that ART includes a number of special techniques that assist infertile couples to have children.

Explanation:

1. What are Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)?
Assisted reproductive technologies refer to a range of medical procedures that help individuals or couples to conceive a child. These technologies are used when natural methods of conception are not successful due to various reasons, such as infertility, reproductive disorders, or genetic disorders.

2. Social Awareness Programmes:
a) Include social awareness programmes to educate people about reproductive health and diseases.
Social awareness programmes play a crucial role in educating individuals about reproductive health and diseases. These programmes aim to spread awareness about the importance of maintaining good reproductive health, understanding common reproductive disorders, and promoting early diagnosis and treatment. By educating people about reproductive health, these programmes can help prevent and address infertility issues.

3. Research Organizations:
b) Include research organizations working to produce new and more effective contraceptives for birth control.
Research organizations are involved in the development and testing of new contraceptive methods to improve birth control options. These organizations conduct studies to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and acceptability of different contraceptive methods. The goal is to provide individuals with a wider range of effective and convenient birth control options that suit their specific needs and preferences.

4. Special Techniques:
c) Include a number of special techniques that assist infertile couples to have children.
Assisted reproductive technologies encompass a variety of special techniques that assist infertile couples in achieving pregnancy. These techniques include:

- Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): This involves injecting prepared sperm directly into the uterus during ovulation to increase the chances of fertilization.
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): This is a complex procedure where eggs are collected from the woman's ovaries, fertilized in a laboratory dish with sperm, and then transferred back into the woman's uterus for implantation.
- Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): This is a specialized form of IVF where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg to facilitate fertilization.
- Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT): This involves transferring both eggs and sperm into the woman's fallopian tubes to allow fertilization to occur naturally.
- Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT): This is similar to GIFT, but the fertilized eggs (zygotes) are transferred into the fallopian tubes instead of eggs and sperm.
- Surrogacy: In cases where a woman is unable to carry a pregnancy, a surrogate mother may be used to carry the pregnancy on behalf of the intended parents.

In conclusion, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) encompass a range of special techniques that assist infertile couples in achieving pregnancy. These techniques include intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, gamete intrafallopian transfer, zygote intrafallopian transfer, and surrogacy. These methods are designed to overcome infertility issues and help individuals or couples fulfill their desire to have children.

Inability to conceive or produce children even after unprotected sexual intercourse is called infertility. Specialised infertility clinics can help in diagnosis and proper treatment of infertile couples. But, when such treatment is not possible, the couples can be assisted to have children through certain special techniques called assisted reproductive technologies (ART). It includes a number of special techniques which assist infertile couples to have children. Some of the techniques are as follows:

1. Test tube baby
2. Insemination technique (AIT)
3. gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT)
4. Intracytoplasmic sperm cell injection (ICSI)