Unification of Italy was a long and complex process that took place in the 19th century. It was a movement that aimed to unite the various states of Italy into a single nation-state. The process of unification was achieved through a series of political, social, and economic events that culminated in the formation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

The following are the key factors that contributed to the unification of Italy:

1. Nationalism
The idea of nationalism played a critical role in the unification of Italy. People in Italy began to identify themselves as Italian, rather than as citizens of their individual states. This sense of national unity was fueled by cultural and linguistic similarities and a shared desire for independence.

2. Geographical Factors
Italy's geography also played a crucial role in the unification process. The peninsula was divided into several small states, each with its own ruler. This fragmentation made it easier for outside powers to control Italy, making it difficult for the people to unite under a single banner.

3. The Risorgimento Movement
The Risorgimento was the Italian nationalist movement that fought for the unification of Italy. It was a social and political movement that emerged in the early 19th century and continued to gain momentum throughout the century. The Risorgimento movement was characterized by a desire for independence, democracy, and a unified Italy.

4. The Role of Key Figures
Several key figures played a significant role in the unification of Italy. These included Giuseppe Mazzini, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and Count Cavour. Mazzini was a political activist who helped to create the Risorgimento movement. Garibaldi was a military leader who led a campaign to unify Italy. Count Cavour was a statesman who played a crucial role in the political unification of Italy.

In conclusion, the unification of Italy was a complex process that involved several key factors. It was achieved through the efforts of various political, social, and economic events, as well as the contributions of key figures. The unification of Italy had a significant impact on the country's history and helped to shape its political and cultural identity.

Giuseppe mazzini played an important role for the unification of Italy. he found the two secret society namely young Italy in Marseille . but he was failed in his mission for the independence or unification of Italy
so victor Emmanuel second take the responsibility for the unification of Italy and he ordered count cavor(chief minister of sardinia Piedmont) for unification of Northern Italy and garibaldi unified the southern Italy and the middle Italy was ruled by pope after the unification of Northern Italy and Southern Italy pope surrendered
and victor Emmanuel second became the new king of the unified Italy in 1861