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Index: Biotechnology: Principle & Processes | Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. Principles of Biotechnology

2. Tools of Recombinant DNA technology

3. Processes of Recombinant DNA technology

Index: Biotechnology: Principle & Processes | Biology Class 12 - NEET

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FAQs on Index: Biotechnology: Principle & Processes - Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. What are the basic principles of biotechnology?
Ans. The basic principles of biotechnology involve the use of living organisms or their products to develop new technologies and processes. Key principles include genetic engineering, fermentation technology, cell culture, and molecular biology techniques. These principles enable the manipulation of biological systems to produce useful products like vaccines, antibiotics, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
2. What are the main processes involved in biotechnology?
Ans. The main processes involved in biotechnology include fermentation, bioreactor design, genetic modification, and protein purification. Fermentation is used to produce biofuels and pharmaceuticals, while bioreactors provide controlled environments for growing microorganisms. Genetic modification involves altering the DNA of organisms to enhance desirable traits, and protein purification is essential for isolating proteins for therapeutic use.
3. How is biotechnology applied in medicine?
Ans. Biotechnology is applied in medicine through the development of biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, and diagnostic tools. Techniques such as recombinant DNA technology and monoclonal antibody production allow for the creation of targeted therapies for diseases like cancer and diabetes. Additionally, biotechnology plays a role in gene therapy, which aims to treat genetic disorders by correcting defective genes.
4. What role does biotechnology play in agriculture?
Ans. Biotechnology plays a significant role in agriculture by enhancing crop yields, improving resistance to pests and diseases, and increasing nutritional value. Techniques such as genetic engineering enable the development of genetically modified crops that can withstand harsh environmental conditions and reduce the need for chemical pesticides. This contributes to sustainable farming practices and food security.
5. What are the ethical considerations in biotechnology?
Ans. Ethical considerations in biotechnology include concerns about the safety and environmental impact of genetically modified organisms, the potential for bioweapons development, and issues related to patenting life forms. Additionally, there are debates surrounding access to biotechnological advancements and the implications of gene editing technologies on human health and society. It's crucial to address these ethical concerns to ensure responsible use of biotechnology.
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