All notes of Agriculture Optional for UPSC for UPSC CSE Exam

Ecology and its relevance to man

4 pages

Natural resources, their sustainable management and conservation

4 pages

Factors Affecting Crop Production and Crop Distribution

7 pages

PPT : Agro Ecology and It's Principle

23 pages

PPT : Environmental Pollution and It's Effects on Crop and Humans

16 pages

Agro Ecology and it's Principle - 1

3 pages

Agro Ecology and it's Principle - 2

2 pages

Flashcards : Ecology and its relevance to man

28 cards

Cropping Pattern

6 pages

Environmental Pollution and It's Effects on Crop and Humans

10 pages

Topic wise Previous Year Questions (Solved) : Ecology

8 pages

Climate Change

6 pages

Climate Change: Impact on Indian Agriculture

5 pages

Environmental Conventions (Climate Change)

3 pages

Mind Map: Ecology

1 page

Greenhouse Effect

5 pages

Global Warming

8 pages

Remote Sensing

8 pages

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

2 pages

Application of GIS - 1

12 pages

Application of GIS - 2

7 pages

Physical and Social Environment as a Factor of Production

14 pages

Agro Climatic Zones in India

10 pages

High Yield Crops

3 pages

Types of Cropping Systems

6 pages

Farming System - 1

4 pages

Farming System - 2

3 pages

Package of Practices

32 pages

Precision and Organic Farming

19 pages

Detailed package of practices for fibres, sugar, commercial, and fodder crops.

22 pages

Impact of Short Duration Varities on shifts in cropping patterns

15 pages

Types of Forestry Plantations

4 pages

Forests and it's Importance

9 pages

Forest Resources in India

7 pages

Agroforestry and Value Addition

6 pages

Conservation of Forest Flora and Fauna

4 pages

Methods of Propagation

4 pages

Forest Resources

13 pages

Properties of Soil: Physical, Chemical & Biological - 1

7 pages

Properties of Soil: Physical, Chemical & Biological - 2

4 pages

Soil formation Factors - 1

3 pages

Soil formation Factors - 2

4 pages

Soil Forming Processes - 1

5 pages

Soil Forming Processes - 2

3 pages

Soils of India and Types - 1

5 pages

Soils of India and Types - 2

7 pages

Mineral and Organic Constituents of Soils and their Role

5 pages

Essential Plant Nutrients

4 pages

Integrated Nutrient Management

4 pages

Bio-fertilizers - 1

3 pages

Bio-fertilizers - 2

3 pages

What Happens to Nitrogen in Soils? - 1

3 pages

What Happens to Nitrogen in Soils? - 2

4 pages

Importance of Phosphorus and Potassium for Plant Growth

8 pages

Problem Soils and their Reclamation

4 pages

Fertilizer: Determinants of Agriculture

7 pages

Emissions From Soils - Greenhouse Gases

5 pages

Impact of Other Beneficial Elements in Soils and Plants Beyond Standard Nutrients

12 pages

Principles of Fertilizer Recommendations .

21 pages

Nitrogen-use Efficiency Specifically in Submerged Rice Soils.

12 pages

Soil Conservation - 1

5 pages

Soil Conservation - 2

3 pages

Integrated Watershed Management

8 pages

Soil Erosion and its Management - 1

3 pages

Soil Erosion and its Management - 2

2 pages

Dry Land Agriculture - 1

2 pages

Dry Land Agriculture - 2

2 pages

Technology for Stabilizing Agriculture Production in Rain Fed Areas - 1

4 pages

Technology for Stabilizing Agriculture Production in Rain Fed Areas - 2

3 pages

Crop Water Use Efficiency

2 pages

Criteria for Scheduling Irrigation or Approaches for Irrigation Scheduling

3 pages

Runoff Management - 1

13 pages

Runoff Management - 2

7 pages

Rainwater Harvesting

3 pages

Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation Method

5 pages

Drainage of Waterlogged Soils - 1

2 pages

Drainage of Waterlogged Soils - 2

3 pages

Quality of Irrigation Water

5 pages

Irrigation Projects - 1

2 pages

Irrigation Projects - 2

3 pages

Scope, Importance and Characteristics of Agriculture

7 pages

Farm Planning - 1

5 pages

Farm Planning - 2

5 pages

Farm Budgeting - 1

5 pages

Farm Budgeting - 2

5 pages

Farming System in India and It's Types

6 pages

Agricultural Price Policy - 1

5 pages

Agricultural Price Policy - 2

5 pages

Agricultural Price Policy - 3

4 pages

Crop Insurance

3 pages

Weeds - Their Characteristics

5 pages

Market Intelligence and Development Strategies

15 pages

Role of Cooperatives in the Agricultural Economy

18 pages

Price Fluctuations and their Cost

15 pages

Agricultural extension

2 pages

Agriculture Extension Services in India

6 pages

Methods and Evaluation of Extension Programme - 1

2 pages

Methods and Evaluation of Extension Programme - 2

4 pages

Socio-Economic Survey

4 pages

Landless Labour

7 pages

Krishi Vigyan Kendra's (KVK)

3 pages

Non-Government Organization (NGO)

5 pages

Self Help Groups (SHGs) - 1

3 pages

Self Help Groups (SHGs) - 2

2 pages

Specific Training Programmes for Extension Workers

10 pages

Propagation and Dissemination of Weed Seeds

6 pages

Methods of Weed Control

9 pages

Weeds - Their Characteristics

5 pages

What is a Cell?

4 pages

Cell Organelles and Cell Theory

2 pages

Synthesis and Structure of Genetic Material

5 pages

Function of Genetic Material

1 page

Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

3 pages

Chromosome - 1

3 pages

Chromosome - 2

4 pages

Chromosomal Aberrations - 1

3 pages

Chromosomal Aberrations - 2

3 pages

Linkage and Cross-Over and their Significance in Recombination Breeding

5 pages

Polyploidy, Euploids and Aneuploids

4 pages

Mutations and their Role in Crop Improvement

3 pages

Incompatibility and Male Sterility and their Utilization in Crop Improvement - 1

5 pages

Incompatibility and Male Sterility and their Utilization in Crop Improvement - 2

6 pages

Cytoplasmic Inheritance

4 pages

Sex-Linked, Sex-Influenced and Sex-Limited Characters

3 pages

Cell Cycle

11 pages

Heritability and its Application in Crop Improvement

11 pages

Plant Breeding

6 pages

Modes of Reproduction

2 pages

Selfing and Crossing Techniques

5 pages

Origin, Evolution and Domestication of Crop Plants

6 pages

Applications of Plant Breeding

4 pages

Molecular Markers and their Application in Plant Improvement

7 pages

Pureline Selection

2 pages

Pedigree Method of Plant Breeding

3 pages

Mass and Recurrent Selections, Combining Ability - 1

5 pages

Mass and Recurrent Selections, Combining Ability - 2

4 pages

Mass and Recurrent Selections, Combining Ability - 3

3 pages

Heterosis and its Exploitation in Plant Breeding

2 pages

Somatic hybridization

3 pages

Breeding for Disease and Pest Resistance

2 pages

Hybridization in Plants

5 pages

Biotechnology in Agriculture

3 pages

Genetically Modified Crop Plants - 1

5 pages

Genetically Modified Crop Plants - 2

4 pages

History of Plant Breeding

8 pages

Law of Homologous Series

8 pages

Centers of Origin and Crop Genetic Resources Conservation

15 pages

Interspecific and Intergeneric Hybridization

8 pages

Seed production and processing technologies

5 pages

Seed Certification

4 pages

Seed Testing and it's Role

5 pages

Physical Purity and Seed Germination Test

9 pages

Determination of Moisture Content

4 pages

DNA Finger Printing

4 pages

Role of Public and Private Sectors in Seed Production

1 page

Seed Marketing - 1

3 pages

Seed Marketing - 2

4 pages

Intellectual Property Rights

7 pages

WTO Agreement on Agriculture (AoA)

4 pages

Seed storage and seed registration

12 pages

Principles of Plant Physiology

4 pages

Soil - Water - Plant Relationship

4 pages

Soil and Water Interactions

4 pages

Use of Water by Plants

3 pages

Enzymes

14 pages

Plant Pigments

3 pages

Modern Concept Of Photosynthesis - 1

2 pages

Modern Concept Of Photosynthesis - 2

3 pages

Modern Concept Of Photosynthesis - 3

4 pages

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis - 1

3 pages

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis - 2

3 pages

C3, C4 and CAM Mechanisms - 1

4 pages

C3, C4 and CAM Mechanisms - 2

2 pages

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration in Plants

3 pages

Factors affecting Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

2 pages

Carbohydrate Metabolism in Plants

2 pages

Photoperiodism, Vernalilzation and Seed Dormancy

3 pages

Plant Growth Regulators - 1

3 pages

Plant Growth Regulators - 2

4 pages

Physiology of seed development

3 pages

Germination

6 pages

Dormancy

1 page

Stress Physiology - Drought, Salt and Water Stress

10 pages

Metabolism of Fat

9 pages

Absorption and translocation of nutrients

18 pages

Landscaping and Commercial Floriculture - 1

7 pages

Landscaping and Commercial Floriculture - 2

6 pages

Medicinal Plants - 1

3 pages

Medicinal Plants - 2

3 pages

Aromatic Plants

3 pages

Health Benefits of Vegetables and Fruits

4 pages

Protected Cultivation and High-Tech Horticulture

15 pages

Post-harvest technology and value addition for fruits/vegetables

19 pages

Crop Diseases

3 pages

Classification of Pests and Diseases

7 pages

Integrated Pest Management and their Management

8 pages

Biological Control of Pests

6 pages

Epidemiology and Plant Disease Forecasting

10 pages

Plant Quarantine

4 pages

Pesticides and Mode of Action - 1

3 pages

Pesticides and Mode of Action - 2

3 pages

Insecticides Act, 1968

2 pages

Management of storage pests

10 pages

Food security in India

4 pages

Vision 2020

1 page

Surplus Overall Grain Availability in the Country

4 pages

National and International Food Policies

2 pages

Poverty Estimation in India - 1

2 pages

Poverty Estimation in India - 2

2 pages

Poverty Estimation in India - 3

5 pages

Poverty and it's Types

2 pages

Public Distribution System - 1

2 pages

Public Distribution System - 2

3 pages

Consumer Expenditure Survey

3 pages

Food-Based Dietary Guidelines

6 pages

Nutrient deficiency

1 page

Micro Nutrient Deficiency

2 pages

Protein Energy Malnutrition

3 pages

Protein Calorie Malnutrition

1 page

Food Consumption Trends in India

18 pages

Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS)

12 pages

Nutrient Deficiency/HRD in the context of the Work Capacity of Women and Children

16 pages

UPSC Optional Subject Syllabus: Agriculture

6 pages

90 Days Study Plan for Agriculture Optional

4 pages

UPSC Mains PYQ 2025: Agriculture (Paper - I)

4 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2025: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section - A)

12 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2025: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section - B)

14 pages

UPSC Mains PYQ 2025: Agriculture (Paper - II)

6 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2025: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section - A)

15 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2025: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section - B)

16 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2024: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- A)

17 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2024: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- B)

18 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2024: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- A)

14 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2024: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- B)

14 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2023: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- A)

17 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2023: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- B)

18 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2023: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- A)

16 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2023: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- B)

16 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2022: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- A)

33 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2022: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- B)

33 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2022: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- A)

34 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2022: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- B)

34 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2021: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- A)

30 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2021: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- B)

34 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2021: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- A)

36 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2021: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- B)

36 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2020: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- A)

33 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2020: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- B)

32 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2020: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- A)

32 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2020: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- B)

35 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2019: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- A)

31 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2019: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- B)

35 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2019: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- A)

34 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2019: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- B)

35 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2018: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- A)

34 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2018: Agriculture Paper 1 (Section- B)

38 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2018: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- A)

34 pages

UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2018: Agriculture Paper 2 (Section- B)

32 pages

Mock Test Paper - 1 (Agriculture Optional Paper- I): Questions

3 pages

Mock Test Paper - 1 (Agriculture Optional Paper- I): Answers

31 pages

Mock Test Paper - 2 (Agriculture Optional Paper- I): Questions

3 pages

Mock Test Paper - 2 (Agriculture Optional Paper- I): Answers

29 pages

Mock Test Paper - 3 (Agriculture Optional Paper- I): Questions

3 pages

Mock Test Paper - 3 (Agriculture Optional Paper- I): Answers

30 pages

Mock Test Paper - 1 (Agriculture Optional Paper- II): Questions

3 pages

Mock Test Paper - 1 (Agriculture Optional Paper- II): Answers

29 pages

Mock Test Paper - 2 (Agriculture Optional Paper- II): Questions

3 pages

Mock Test Paper - 2 (Agriculture Optional Paper- II): Answers

28 pages

Mock Test Paper - 3 (Agriculture Optional Paper- II): Questions

3 pages

Mock Test Paper - 3 (Agriculture Optional Paper- II): Answers

27 pages