Explanation:

Human Genome Project and DNA fingerprinting are two different techniques that involve the study of DNA. However, they share some common techniques as well. The given options are different techniques that are commonly used in these two processes. Let's discuss each option one by one:

a) Isolation of DNA:

It is a process of separating DNA from other cellular components. It is an essential step in both the Human Genome Project and DNA fingerprinting. In the Human Genome Project, the DNA is extracted from the cells of the human body, and in DNA fingerprinting, the DNA is extracted from the crime scene samples, such as blood, saliva, or semen.

b) Restriction digestion of DNA:

It is a process of cutting DNA into smaller fragments using restriction enzymes. This technique is used in both the Human Genome Project and DNA fingerprinting. In the Human Genome Project, the DNA is cut into smaller fragments, which are then sequenced. In DNA fingerprinting, the DNA is cut into smaller fragments, which are then analyzed using gel electrophoresis.

c) Gel electrophoresis:

It is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size. It is used in both the Human Genome Project and DNA fingerprinting. In the Human Genome Project, the DNA fragments are separated on a gel, and in DNA fingerprinting, the DNA fragments are separated on a gel, and the resulting banding pattern is used to distinguish between individuals.

d) Autoradiography:

It is a technique used to detect radioactive isotopes in a sample. It is used in the Human Genome Project but not in DNA fingerprinting. In the Human Genome Project, the DNA fragments are sequenced using a radioactive isotope, and the resulting sequence is detected using autoradiography.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' - Autoradiography, as it is not relevant for DNA fingerprinting.

Relevance of Techniques in Human Genome Project and DNA Fingerprinting

Isolation of DNA:
- Relevant for both Human Genome Project and DNA Fingerprinting
- DNA must be isolated from the sample before any analysis can be done

Restriction Digestion of DNA:
- Relevant for both Human Genome Project and DNA Fingerprinting
- Restriction enzymes cut DNA into smaller fragments, which can be analyzed and compared

Gel Electrophoresis:
- Relevant for both Human Genome Project and DNA Fingerprinting
- Separates DNA fragments based on size, allowing for analysis and comparison

Autoradiography:
- Irrelevant for both Human Genome Project and DNA Fingerprinting
- Autoradiography involves exposing a photographic film to radioactive material to produce an image
- This technique is not used in either Human Genome Project or DNA Fingerprinting