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All questions of Class 9 History for UPSC CSE Exam

Who was King in France at the time of the Revolution ?
  • a)
    Louis XIV
  • b)
    Louis XVI
  • c)
    Marie Antoinette
  • d)
    Nicholas II
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ravi Verma answered
Louis XVI, born Louis-Auguste, was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as Citizen Louis Capet during the four months before he was guillotined.
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Animal husbandry is the scientific management of
(i) Animal breeding
(ii) Culture of animals
(iii) Animal livestock
(iv) Rearing of animals
  • a)
    (i), (ii) and (iii)
  • b)
    (ii), (iii) and (iv)
  • c)
    (i), (ii) and (iv)
  • d)
    (i), (iii) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Shubham Sharma answered
Animal husbandry is the farming or management of animal livestock which includes various aspects such as animal's shelter, feeding, health and disease control. As animal husbandry is scientific management of farm animals, it serves many uses for human beings.
  • It helps in enhancing milk production
  • It increases egg production
  • It increases meat production
  • It increases fish production
  • It helps in the proper management of agricultural wastes.

Can you explain the answer of this question below:

Which period in the history of France is known as Reign of Terror ?           

  • A:

    1793  to 1798   

  • B:

    1793 to 1799           

  • C:

    1793 to 1794    

  • D:

    1793 to 1799

The answer is c.

Ravi Verma answered
The period from 1793 to 1794 was called the reign of terror in the french history. it was called so because during that time, maximilian robespierre, the laeder of the jacobins club, tortured and killed thousands of people who opposed his policies. they include common people, members of other political parties, even members of his party who oppesed his policies. this was a cery bad time in the history of france, especially in the french revolution.

Can you explain the answer of this question below:
Political body of France ?
  • A:Duma
  • B:Reichstag
  • C:Lok Sabha
  • D:Estates General

The answer is D.

Arvind Singh answered
Estate GeneralIn estate general nobles and clergy estate sent three hundred representatives each.While 3rd estate sent their six hundred representatives

Which of the following constituted the privileged class?
  • a)
    Clergy and peasants
  • b)
    Peasants and nobility
  • c)
    First and Third Estate
  • d)
    Clergy and nobility
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Monika singhania answered
TYhe two privileged classes (clergy and nobility) were the underprivilegedcommoners known as the third estate. The third estate was subdivided into the bourgeoisie (middle class), the artisans and thepeasants. The bourgeois comprised of lawyers, physicians,teachers, merchants, bankers, manufacturers and men ofliterature. 

Which period in the history of France is known as Reign of Terror ?           
  • a)
    1793  to 1798   
  • b)
    1793 to 1799           
  • c)
    1793 to 1794    
  • d)
    1793 to 1799
Correct answer is 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arya Desai answered
The period from 1793 to 1794 was referred to as the ‘Reign of Terror’ because of the following reasons:
  • Maximilian Robespierre followed a policy of severe control and punishment. Any person who did not agree with his policies was guillotined.
  • Robespierre’s government issued laws placing a maximum ceiling on wages and prices. Peasants were forced to sell their grains at prices fixed by the government.
  • Equality was also sought to be practised through forms of speech and address. Robespierre followed his policies so obstinately that he began to loose support of the people.

The winged woman personified ?
  • a)
    National colours of France
  • b)
    Act of becoming free
  • c)
    Personification of Law
  • d)
    Rays of the Sun will drive away the clouds of ignorance
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sarita Reddy answered
The wings of the woman are 'The personification of law' .
It symbolizes the royal powers of the nobility, including those of making laws. the symbol was used for people who were uneducated to make them understand the importance of the French Revolution and inspire them to join the movement taking place.

Karl Marx wanted workers to overthrow :
  • a)
    capitalism
  • b)
    rule of private property
  • c)
    accumulation of profits by capitalists
  • d)
    radicals
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anita Menon answered
Karl Marx wanted to overthrow Capitalism as he felt the system to be exploitative of the laborers, known as the proletariat. 
He felt that the capitalists were only interested in the expansion of business and in the increase of their profits. 
They were not concerned with the benefits of the people putting in their labour.

Who among the given were called "November Criminals" ? 
  • a)
    Bolsheviks
  • b)
    Jews
  • c)
    Nazis
  • d)
    Socialists, Catholics and Democrats
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sarita Reddy answered
The first world war had a devastating impact on the entire Europe both psychology and financially. From a continent of creditors, Europe turned into one of debtors. unfortunately the infant Weimar republic was being made to pay for the sin of the old empire. The republic carried the burden of war guilt and national humiliation and way financially crippled by being forced to pay compensation. Those who supported the weimar republic, mainly socialist, Catholic and democrats, became easy target in the conservative nationalist circle. They were mockingly called November criminals.  

Which of the following was the immediate factor for the Great Depression (1929-1932) ?  
  • a)
    Collapse of Wall Street Exchange
  • b)
    Financial Impact of World War I
  • c)
    Fall in US exports
  • d)
    Collapse of banks
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Hansa Sharma answered
The Wall Street Crash of 1929 was the greatest stock market crash in the history of the United States. It happened in the New York Stock Exchangeon Tuesday October 29, 1929, now known as Black Tuesday. Bank failures followed, resulting in businesses closing, which started the Great Depression.

Can you explain the answer of this question below:
Society based on freedom, equal laws and opportunities was advocated by :
  • A:
    middle class and people of the Third Estate
  • B:
    clergy and nobility
  • C:
    philosophers such as John Locke and Rousseau
  • D:
    Englishmen Georges Danton and Arthur Young
The answer is C.

Naina Sharma answered
French Philosophers also contributed well in French revolution:
1. Society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all , were put forward by philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau.
2. In The Spirit of the laws, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government and the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.
3.The ideas of the philosophers were discuused intensively in salons and coffee- houses.

Which of the following was a factor in the rise of Napoleon ?
  • a)
    Fall of the Jacobin government
  • b)
    Robespierres Reign of Terror
  • c)
    Political instability of the Directory
  • d)
    Nationalist forces
Correct answer is 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Swati Verma answered
France was ruled by the Directory, an executive made up of five members. 
(i) However, the Directors often clashed with the Legislative Councils, who then sought to dismiss them.
 (ii) The political instability of the Directory paved the way for the rise of a military dictator, Napoleon Bonaparte.

Which of the following believed social position must depend on merit? 
  • a)
    Middle class
  • b)
    Nobility
  • c)
    Workers
  • d)
    Peasants
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayushi choudhary answered
The Middle Class were educated and believed that no group in the society should be privileged by birth.Rather a person's social position must depend on his merit.

Voting in the Estates General was conducted on the principle of ?
  • a)
    each member one vote
  • b)
    male adult franchise
  • c)
    universal adult franchise
  • d)
    each Estate one vote
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Kapoor answered
 Voting in the Estates General in the past had been conducted 
1. According to the principle that each estate had one vote.
2. Members of the Third Estate demanded that voting must now be conducted by the assembly as a whole, where each member would have one vote. 
3. This was according to the democratic principles put forward by philosophers like Rousseau in his book, The Social Contract.

Members of the Third Estate were led by :
  • a)
    Louis XVI and Marie Antionette
  • b)
    Lenin and Kerensky
  • c)
    Mirabeau and Abbe Sieyes
  • d)
    Rousseau and Voltaire
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ravi Verma answered
Mirabeau was born in a noble family but was convinced of the need to do away
with a society of feudal privilege. He brought out a journal and delivered powerful speeches to the crowds assembled at Versailles.

Abbe Sieyes, originally a priest, believed in equality and wrote an influential pamphlet called ‘What is the Third Estate’?

Mirabeau and Abbe Sieyes led the members of the 3rd estate who assembled in the hall of an indoor tennis court in the grounds of Versailles, on 20 June. The 3rd estate declared themselves a National Assembly and wanted a constitution for France that would limit the powers of the monarch.

Storming of the Bastille
  • a)
    14th July, 1789
  • b)
    14th July, 1798
  • c)
    14th June, 1789
  • d)
    14th June, 1798
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Das answered
The Storming of the Bastille occurred in Paris, France, on the afternoon of 14 July 1789. The medieval armory, fortress, and political prison known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of Paris. The prison contained seven inmates at the time of its storming.

Political body of France?
  • a)
    Duma
  • b)
    Reichstag
  • c)
    Lok Sabha
  • d)
    Estates General
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Sharma answered
Estates-General, also called States General, in France of the pre-Revolutionary monarchy was the representative assembly of the three “estates,” or orders of the realm: the clergy and nobility—which were privileged minorities—and a Third Estate, which represented the majority of the people.

Which among the following groups was against any kind of political or social change?
  • a)
    nationalists
  • b)
    conservatives
  • c)
    liberals
  • d)
    radicals
Correct answer is 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Pooja Shah answered
Conservatism (or conservativism) is any political philosophy that favors tradition (in the sense of various religious, cultural, or nationally-defined beliefs and customs) in the face of external forces for change, and is critical of proposals for radical social change.

What was not a factor in the rise of Hitler ?
  • a)
    Birth of Weimer Republic
  • b)
    Nazi propoganda and Hitler's charismatic leadership
  • c)
    Years of Depression and Economic crisis
  • d)
    Death of the President Hindenburg  
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Avinash Patel answered
- The rise of Hitler to power was influenced by multiple factors:
- Birth of Weimar Republic: Created political instability and dissatisfaction among Germans.
- Nazi Propaganda and Hitler's Leadership: Used to gain mass support and manipulate the public.
- Years of Depression and Economic Crisis: Weakened the economy and increased desperation among the populace.
- Death of President Hindenburg was not a factor in Hitler's rise but rather a key event that solidified his power, allowing him to become Führer.

Which of the following can best define Nazism?  
  • a)
    Extermination of Jews  
  • b)
    Hitler's determination to make Germany a great nation
  • c)
    A system, a structure of ideas about the world and politics
  • d)
    Hitler's ambition of conquering the world
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Sharma answered
Nazism is best defined as a system, a structure of ideas about the world and politics. Nazism, also known as National Socialism, was the ideology of the Nazi Party in Germany that led to and sustained World War II. It was an extreme form of fascism that incorporated fervent antisemitism, anti-communism, and totalitarianism. Other aspects such as Hitler's determination to make Germany a great nation, the extermination of Jews, and ambition of conquering the world were components or consequences of this ideology, but not comprehensive definitions of Nazism itself.

In what ways did the First World War leave a deep imprint on European society and polity ?
  • a)
    Soldiers were put above civilians, trench-life was glorified
  • b)
    Politicians and publicists laid stress on men to be aggressive and masculine
  • c)
    Aggressive war propaganda and national honour were given the most support and Conservative dictatorships were welcomed
  • d)
    All the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Krishna Iyer answered
The First World War left a deep imprint on European society and polity.
Soldiers came to be placed above civilians.Politicians and publicists laid great success on the need for men to be aggressive, strong and masculine.The media glorified trench life but actually soldiers lived miserable lives in these trenches, trapped with rats feeding on corpses.They faced poisonous gas and enemy shelling, and witnessed their ranks reduce rapidly.Aggressive war propaganda and national honour occupied centre stage in the public sphere, while popular support grew for conservative dictatorships that had recently come into being.

18th century French society was divided into :
  • a)
    castes
  • b)
    four Estates
  • c)
    three Estates
  • d)
    two Estates
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arvind Singh answered
Louis xvi was the king of france during the late 18th century . there were financial crisis going on in the country due to which the French society was divided into three estates on the basis of their wealthiness mainly -
Clergy - it included the people engaged in the works of church. they didn't have to pay any tax
Nobles - it included people in the kings cabinet and the landlords.they didn't have to pay any tax
Common People - the rest of the population such as labourers artisans etc were there in this estate . all the just or unjust taxes were payed by this estate.

French legacy to the world ?
  • a)
    Democracy
  • b)
    Socialism and nationalism
  • c)
    Republicanism
  • d)
    Liberty, Freedom and Equality
Correct answer is 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Anita Menon answered
The legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was as follows — 
(i) Ideas of equality and democratic spread from France to other European countries and feudalism was abolished. 
(ii) Colonial people reworked the idea of freedom from bondage info their movements to create sovereign nation states. 
(iii) It was the first movement to adopt the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity. 

What did the red cap worn by Sans Culottes in France symbolise ?           
  • a)
    Liberty                              
  • b)
    Brotherhood           
  • c)
    Love                 
  • d)
    Equality
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Kapoor answered
Red Cap was worn by Sans Culottes in France as an image of Liberty. 

It's otherwise called the "Cap of Liberty" is seen on the flag of Paraguay, Santa Catarina, and a few others. 

The freedom cap goes back in any event to Roman circumstances. A liberated slave wore it amid the function of his manumission, and on exceptional events a short time later. Substantially later, it came to figure intensely in French Revolutionary iconography.

Bundle of rods or fasces symbolize?
  • a)
    Royal power
  • b)
    Equality before law
  • c)
    Law is the same for all
  • d)
    Strength lies in unity
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Arjun Sharma answered
1. Bundle of rods,fasces: Symbolised strength lies in unity.One rod can be easily broken, but not an entire bundle.
2.Sceptre: Symbol of royal power
3.Snake biting its tail to form a ring: Symbol of Eternity. A ring has neither beginning nor end.
4. Blue White Red: The national colours of France.

The Bastille symbolized :
  • a)
    benevolence of the king
  • b)
    despotic power of the king
  • c)
    armed might of France
  • d)
    prestige and power
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Hansa Sharma answered
The Bastille represented the despotic power of king. Power can never be despotic but it's accumulation is despotic. it was built by Charles v. it was said to be holding a despotic power because all the king's used it for their own interests rather than thinking for others . Moreover, at that time Louis xvi was the despotic ruler who had been known as the responsible for empty treasury . due to the long years of war had drained France from it's financial resources and added to this was the cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the immense palace of Versailles. the government needed money to maintain the court , the army , the government offices etc. under Louis xvi , the third estate had to pay higher taxes and also pressuried them to do harvest in the bad season also . Due to the above reasons the Bastille represented despotic power.

Where did the Third Estate form and announce the National Assembly? 
  • a)
    Indoor Tennis Court
  • b)
    Hall of Mirrors
  • c)
    Firoz Shah Ground
  • d)
    Winter Palace
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sarita Reddy answered
In Versailles, France, the deputies of the Third Estate, which represent commoners and the lower clergy, meet on the Jeu de Paume, an indoor tennis court, in defiance of King Louis XVI’s order to disperse. In these modest surroundings, they took a historic oath not to disband until a new French constitution had been adopted.

The Third Estate, which had the most representatives, declared itself the National Assembly and took an oath to force a new constitution on the king. 

What was the convention in the context of revolutionary France?
  • a)
    A French school                          
  • b)
    The newly elected assembly           
  • c)
    The club                      
  • d)
    A women organisation
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Khanna answered
In the summer of 1792 the members of jacobin club , the most successful political club that consisted mainly of the members of the less prosperous sections of the society , planned an insurrection . on the morning of august 10 they stormed the palace of tuileries massacred the king's guard and held the king himself as a hostage. later the national assembly voted to imprison the royal family . elections were held and from then on all men of 21 years and above regardless of wealth got the right to vote . the newly elected assembly was called the convention . on 21 september 1792 it abolished monarchy and declared france as republic . louis XVI was sentenced to death on 21 january 1793 he was executed publicly by charging treason.

Capitalists believed in ?
  • a)
    control of property by society
  • b)
    workers rights
  • c)
    sharing of profits with workers
  • d)
    profit and private property
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Mehta answered
**Answer:**

**Capitalists believed in profit and private property.**

Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of property and the pursuit of profit. Capitalists are individuals or businesses that own and control the means of production, such as factories, land, and machinery. They seek to maximize their profits through the production and sale of goods and services.

**Private Property:**

Capitalists believe in the importance of private property rights. Private property refers to the ownership of assets by individuals or businesses rather than by the state or society as a whole. Capitalists argue that private property rights incentivize individuals to invest in and improve their property, leading to increased productivity and economic growth. They believe that individuals should have the right to use, sell, or rent their property as they see fit, without interference from the state.

**Profit:**

Profit is a key motivation for capitalists. They believe that by taking risks and investing capital, they should be able to earn a return on their investment. Capitalists seek to maximize their profits by producing goods and services that are in demand and selling them at a price higher than the cost of production. They argue that the pursuit of profit drives innovation, efficiency, and economic growth.

**Competition:**

Capitalists believe in the importance of competition as a mechanism for allocating resources and driving economic growth. They argue that competition forces businesses to constantly improve their products and services, lower prices, and become more efficient. This benefits consumers by providing them with a wider range of choices and better quality products at lower prices.

**Limited Government Intervention:**

Capitalists generally advocate for limited government intervention in the economy. They believe that free markets, with minimal government interference, are the most efficient way to allocate resources and generate wealth. They argue that excessive regulation and government control can stifle innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth.

**Conclusion:**

In summary, capitalists believe in the pursuit of profit and the importance of private property rights. They argue that profit incentives and private ownership of property lead to economic growth and prosperity. Capitalists also emphasize competition and limited government intervention as key principles of a successful capitalist system.

World War II began with German invasion of ?
  • a)
    Poland
  • b)
    Belgium
  • c)
    Austria
  • d)
    Czechoslovakia
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Khanna answered
The German-Soviet Pact of August 1939, which stated that Poland was to be partitioned between the two powers, enabled Germany to attack Poland without the fear of Soviet intervention. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. The Polish army was defeated within weeks of the invasion.

When Louis XVI ascended the throne of France ? 
  • a)
    1773
  • b)
    1774
  • c)
    1775 
  • d)
    1776
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Raghav Kumar answered
When Louis XVI acceded to the throne in 1774, he was nineteen years old. He had an enormous responsibility, as the government was deeply in debt, and resentment of "despotic" monarchy was on the rise. He himself felt woefully unqualified to resolve the situation.

Which of the following refuted the doctrine of divine and absolute right ?
  • a)
     John Locke 
  • b)
    Montesquieu 
  • c)
    Louis XVI
  • d)
    Voltaire
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anoushka Reddy answered
John Locke was inspired by the humanistic and enlightened viewpoint that all humans are equal. So he refuted the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch in his book 'Two Treatises of Government'.

Members of the Third Estate were led by :
  • a)
    Louis XVI and Marie Antionette
  • b)
    Lenin and Kerensky
  • c)
    Mirabeau and Abbe Sieyes
  • d)
    Rousseau and Voltaire
Correct answer is 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Yash Choudhary answered
The third estate was led by Mirabeau, a noble and Abbé Sieyès, a priest who assembled in the hall of an indoor tennis court in the grounds of Versailles.
 

Leader of the Bolsheviks 
  • a)
    Kerensky
  • b)
    Vladimir Lenin
  • c)
    Stalin
  • d)
    Gorbachov
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sarita Reddy answered
The Bolsheviks, founded by Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Bogdanov, were by 1905 a major organization consisting primarily of workers under a democratic internal hierarchy governed by the principle of democratic centralism, who considered themselves the leaders of the revolutionary working class of Russia.

When did Hitler try to seize control of Bavaria and capture Berlin?
  • a)
    1919
  • b)
    1929
  • c)
     1923
  • d)
    1933
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Oviya Senthil answered
In 1923 Hitler plan to seize control of Mahavira and mast Berlin to capture the power but he failed in that plan and it right for presence and was arrested and later released without any issue

Which of the following were important socialists of 19th century Europe? 
  • a)
    Rousseau and Voltaire
  • b)
    Lenin and Stalin
  • c)
    Charles Darwin and Spencer
  • d)
    Karl Marx and Engels
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Radha Iyer answered
The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels in 1848 just before the Revolutions of 1848 swept Europe, expressing what they termed "scientific socialism". In the last third of the 19th century, social democratic parties arose in Europe, drawing mainly from Marxism.

Which of the following was not a factor in the Revolution of 1905 ? 
  • a)
    October Manifesto
  • b)
    Bloody Sunday
  • c)
    Condition of Workers
  • d)
    Russo-Japanese War
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sahil Mehta answered
Reaction from political groups was varied. Liberals were satisfied with the level of reform in the Manifesto. Kadets (rich peasants) wanted reform to go further. They wanted a written constitution and guarantees of a constituent assembly. The Social Revolutionaries (SRs) were critical of the Manifesto, as were the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. It did not give any more power to the peasants or workers.
As a response to the 1905 Revolution, the October Manifesto succeeded in dividing the opposition, making the Tsar's grip on power more secure.

Can you explain the answer of this question below:

When was slavery abolished in Frenchcolonies ?           

  • A:

    1848                 

  • B:

    1849           

  • C:

    1850                 

  • D:

    1851

The answer is a.

Ravi Verma answered
It was in 1794 that the Convention passed a law to free all slaves in French overseas possessions. But this lasted only for 10 years because when Napoleon Bonaparte became the emperor of France in 1804, he reintroduced slavery. In 1848, Slavery was finally abolished in French colonies.

Which of the following was not a feature of the new Nazi style of politics ? 
  • a)
    Massive rallies
  • b)
    Ritualised applause
  • c)
    Red banners with Swastika
  • d)
    Not so powerful speeches of Hitler
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Kapoor answered
Three features of the new style of politics:
I) placed a lot of emphasis on rituals, propagand, spectacles to mobilise people.

ii) rallies and public meeting held were held to support for hitler and instill a sense of unity among people.

iii)red banners with swastika nazi salute rounds of applause after speeches were part of spectacle of power.

The International War Tribunal was set up in ?
  • a)
    Vienna
  • b)
    Munich
  • c)
    Nuremberg
  • d)
    Auschwitz
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Pooja Shah answered
The four major Allied powers—France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—set up the International Military Tribunal (IMT) in Nuremberg, Germany, to prosecute and punish “the major war criminals of the European Axis.” 

Why did some liberals and radicals become revolutionaries in France, Italy, Russia etc.?
  • a)
    They wanted to concentrate powers in their own hands
  • b)
    They wanted to overthrow the existing monarchs
  • c)
    They were against equal rights
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ravi Verma answered
The liberals were in favour of safeguarding the rights of individuals against governments and hence opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers,they also argued for a representative, elected parliamentary government, whereas radicals opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners and disliked the concentration of power in the hands of few but were not against the existence of private property. So, Both liberals and radicals become revolutionaries in France, Italy, Russia etc as wanted to overthrow the existing monarchs.

The tax paid to the church by 3rd estate was-
  • a)
    Tithe
  • b)
    Taille 
  • c)
    Income
  • d)
    Religion
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Akanksha Nambiar answered
A is the correct option.Peasants paid a tax called tithes to the church. The third estate paid a direct tax called taille. In direct tax on salt and tobacco were also levied.

Society based on freedom, equal laws and opportunities was advocated by :
  • a)
    middle class and people of the Third Estate
  • b)
    clergy and nobility
  • c)
    philosophers such as John Locke and Rousseau
  • d)
    Englishmen Georges Danton and Arthur Young
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kalyan Saha answered
French Philosophers also contributed well in French revolution:
1. Society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all , were put forward by philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau.
2. In The Spirit of the laws, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government and the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.
3.The ideas of the philosophers were discuused intensively in salons and coffee- houses.

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