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All questions of The Sangam Age for BPSC (Bihar) Exam
Which one of the following Sangam towns was famous for its pearls and muslins, the latter being as thin as the skin of the snake?- a)Uraiyur
- b)Muziris
- c)Arikamedu
- d)Puhar
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following Sangam towns was famous for its pearls and muslins, the latter being as thin as the skin of the snake?
a)
Uraiyur
b)
Muziris
c)
Arikamedu
d)
Puhar
|
Yashvi Desai answered |
Sangam town famous for pearls and muslins
The Sangam period refers to the time between 3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE in South India. During this period, many towns emerged as centers of trade and commerce. One such town was Uraiyur, which was famous for its pearls and muslins.
Uraiyur
Uraiyur was an ancient town located near present-day Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu. It was the capital of the early Chola dynasty and was an important center of trade and commerce during the Sangam period.
Pearls
Uraiyur was famous for its pearls, which were obtained from the nearby pearl banks in the Bay of Bengal. The pearls were highly valued and were used as currency in trade.
Muslins
Uraiyur was also famous for its muslins, which were as thin as the skin of a snake. Muslin is a cotton fabric that originated in the Indian subcontinent and was highly valued in ancient times. The muslins produced in Uraiyur were known for their fine quality and were in great demand in foreign markets.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Uraiyur was a prominent Sangam town that was famous for its pearls and muslins. The town was an important center of trade and commerce during the Sangam period and played a significant role in the economic and cultural development of South India.
The Sangam period refers to the time between 3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE in South India. During this period, many towns emerged as centers of trade and commerce. One such town was Uraiyur, which was famous for its pearls and muslins.
Uraiyur
Uraiyur was an ancient town located near present-day Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu. It was the capital of the early Chola dynasty and was an important center of trade and commerce during the Sangam period.
Pearls
Uraiyur was famous for its pearls, which were obtained from the nearby pearl banks in the Bay of Bengal. The pearls were highly valued and were used as currency in trade.
Muslins
Uraiyur was also famous for its muslins, which were as thin as the skin of a snake. Muslin is a cotton fabric that originated in the Indian subcontinent and was highly valued in ancient times. The muslins produced in Uraiyur were known for their fine quality and were in great demand in foreign markets.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Uraiyur was a prominent Sangam town that was famous for its pearls and muslins. The town was an important center of trade and commerce during the Sangam period and played a significant role in the economic and cultural development of South India.
On which of the following imports from India the Roman senate laid an embargo as it was a menace to the city’s morals?- a)Saffron
- b)Wine
- c)Pepper
- d)Muslin
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
On which of the following imports from India the Roman senate laid an embargo as it was a menace to the city’s morals?
a)
Saffron
b)
Wine
c)
Pepper
d)
Muslin
|
Aditya Kumar answered |
-The material was first made in the city of Mosul (now in Iraq), from which it derived its name. Early Indian muslins were handwoven of extremely fine handspun yarns. They were imported into Europe from India in the 17th century and were later manufactured in Scotland and England.
- Muslin imports from India the Roman senate laid an embargo as it was a menace to the city’s morals.
- Once upon a time the muslin of Dhaka was world famous for its delicacy and thinness. They had a monopoly business during that time in Asia, Europe, North American and the African region. Dhaka became the capital of Mughal in 1608 but even before that the people of Bengal were known for the fine art of crafting.
Which of the following was a great custom port and artificial harbour?- a)Poduca
- b)Urayur
- c)Puhar or Kaviripattinam
- d)Tyndis
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following was a great custom port and artificial harbour?
a)
Poduca
b)
Urayur
c)
Puhar or Kaviripattinam
d)
Tyndis
|
Poulomi Menon answered |
The Chola kingdom known as Cholamandalam, was situated to the northeast of the Pandya territory between Pennar and Velar Rivers. Sangam literature throws light on the fact that their center of political power was Uraiyur, an important center of cotton products and their most important port was Puhar or Kaveripattinam.
Which of the following was a great centre of cotton trade?- a)Korkai
- b)Uraiyur
- c)Balita
- d)Muziris
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following was a great centre of cotton trade?
a)
Korkai
b)
Uraiyur
c)
Balita
d)
Muziris
|
Anand Chakraborty answered |
The great centre of cotton trade
Introduction:
The great centre of cotton trade in ancient India refers to a place that played a significant role in the trade of cotton during that time. Among the given options, Uraiyur is considered the correct answer for being a prominent centre of cotton trade. Let's explore the reasons behind this choice.
Uraiyur:
Uraiyur, also known as Thiruvaiyaru, was an important city located in present-day Tamil Nadu, India. It was the capital of the early Chola dynasty and served as a major centre for cotton trade during ancient times.
Reasons for Uraiyur being a great centre of cotton trade:
1. Geographical location: Uraiyur was strategically located on the banks of the River Kaveri, which provided easy access to transportation and trade. This proximity to a major river allowed for the smooth movement of goods, including cotton.
2. Agricultural fertility: The region surrounding Uraiyur was known for its fertile land, ideal for cotton cultivation. The availability of abundant raw cotton encouraged the growth of cotton-based industries and trade in the area.
3. Skilled craftsmanship: Uraiyur was home to skilled artisans and weavers who were experts in producing high-quality cotton textiles. The city's reputation for producing fine cotton fabrics attracted traders from various parts of India and beyond, contributing to its prominence as a centre of cotton trade.
4. Exchange of goods: Uraiyur's strategic location and vibrant trade network facilitated the exchange of cotton textiles with other regions. The city acted as a nexus for trade routes connecting different parts of South India, including the ports along the eastern and western coasts.
5. Cultural significance: Uraiyur was not only a commercial hub but also a cultural center. The city hosted various festivals and cultural events, attracting traders, merchants, and visitors from different regions. This cultural vibrancy further enhanced the city's status as a centre of cotton trade.
Conclusion:
Uraiyur, with its advantageous geographical location, fertile agricultural land, skilled craftsmanship, and vibrant trade network, emerged as a great centre of cotton trade in ancient India. The city's prominence in cotton trade contributed significantly to its economic growth and cultural importance during that period.
Introduction:
The great centre of cotton trade in ancient India refers to a place that played a significant role in the trade of cotton during that time. Among the given options, Uraiyur is considered the correct answer for being a prominent centre of cotton trade. Let's explore the reasons behind this choice.
Uraiyur:
Uraiyur, also known as Thiruvaiyaru, was an important city located in present-day Tamil Nadu, India. It was the capital of the early Chola dynasty and served as a major centre for cotton trade during ancient times.
Reasons for Uraiyur being a great centre of cotton trade:
1. Geographical location: Uraiyur was strategically located on the banks of the River Kaveri, which provided easy access to transportation and trade. This proximity to a major river allowed for the smooth movement of goods, including cotton.
2. Agricultural fertility: The region surrounding Uraiyur was known for its fertile land, ideal for cotton cultivation. The availability of abundant raw cotton encouraged the growth of cotton-based industries and trade in the area.
3. Skilled craftsmanship: Uraiyur was home to skilled artisans and weavers who were experts in producing high-quality cotton textiles. The city's reputation for producing fine cotton fabrics attracted traders from various parts of India and beyond, contributing to its prominence as a centre of cotton trade.
4. Exchange of goods: Uraiyur's strategic location and vibrant trade network facilitated the exchange of cotton textiles with other regions. The city acted as a nexus for trade routes connecting different parts of South India, including the ports along the eastern and western coasts.
5. Cultural significance: Uraiyur was not only a commercial hub but also a cultural center. The city hosted various festivals and cultural events, attracting traders, merchants, and visitors from different regions. This cultural vibrancy further enhanced the city's status as a centre of cotton trade.
Conclusion:
Uraiyur, with its advantageous geographical location, fertile agricultural land, skilled craftsmanship, and vibrant trade network, emerged as a great centre of cotton trade in ancient India. The city's prominence in cotton trade contributed significantly to its economic growth and cultural importance during that period.
Korkai was the coastal capital of the - a)Cholas
- b)Cheras
- c)Pandyas
- d)Pallavas
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Korkai was the coastal capital of the
a)
Cholas
b)
Cheras
c)
Pandyas
d)
Pallavas
|
|
Ansh Awasthi answered |
It was called pandya-kavada in the kapatapuram in kalithogai. It is situated about 3km north of the Thamirabarani and about 6km from the shore of Bay of Bengal.
Assertion A : Merchants sold their goods by openly announcing the profit they were aiming at.
Reason R: Merchants functioned often in a body, which was known as ‘Vanikachattu’
- a)If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)If A is true and R is false.
- d)If A is false and R is true.
- e)If both A and R are false.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion A : Merchants sold their goods by openly announcing the profit they were aiming at.
Reason R: Merchants functioned often in a body, which was known as ‘Vanikachattu’
a)
If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
If A is true and R is false.
d)
If A is false and R is true.
e)
If both A and R are false.
|
Aniket Nair answered |
Assertion and Reasoning questions are designed to test the candidate's understanding of the subject matter. In this question, the assertion is about the selling methods of merchants and the reason provided is about the functioning of merchants in a group. Let's analyze the given assertion and reasoning:
Assertion A: Merchants sold their goods by openly announcing the profit they were aiming at.
This assertion is related to the selling methods of merchants. It implies that merchants were transparent about the profit they aimed to make from the sale of their goods. This assertion is true and is supported by historical evidence.
Reason R: Merchants functioned often in a body, which was known as Vanikachattu.
This reasoning is related to the functioning of merchants. It implies that merchants often worked in groups called Vanikachattu. This reasoning is also true and is supported by historical evidence.
Now, let's analyze whether the reasoning explains the assertion or not.
If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
This option is the correct answer. The reasoning provided in R is not directly related to the assertion in A. While it is true that merchants often functioned in groups, it does not directly explain why they openly announced the profit they aimed to make. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
To summarize, Assertion and Reasoning questions require careful analysis of both the statements. In this case, the assertion and reasoning are both true, but the reasoning does not directly explain the assertion. Candidates should be cautious while attempting such questions and analyze the statements logically.
Assertion A: Merchants sold their goods by openly announcing the profit they were aiming at.
This assertion is related to the selling methods of merchants. It implies that merchants were transparent about the profit they aimed to make from the sale of their goods. This assertion is true and is supported by historical evidence.
Reason R: Merchants functioned often in a body, which was known as Vanikachattu.
This reasoning is related to the functioning of merchants. It implies that merchants often worked in groups called Vanikachattu. This reasoning is also true and is supported by historical evidence.
Now, let's analyze whether the reasoning explains the assertion or not.
If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
This option is the correct answer. The reasoning provided in R is not directly related to the assertion in A. While it is true that merchants often functioned in groups, it does not directly explain why they openly announced the profit they aimed to make. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
To summarize, Assertion and Reasoning questions require careful analysis of both the statements. In this case, the assertion and reasoning are both true, but the reasoning does not directly explain the assertion. Candidates should be cautious while attempting such questions and analyze the statements logically.
What was known as ‘Yavanapriya’?- a)Pepper
- b)Ginger
- c)Cotton
- d)Silk
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What was known as ‘Yavanapriya’?
a)
Pepper
b)
Ginger
c)
Cotton
d)
Silk
|
|
Pankaj Pillai answered |
Yavanapriya refers to pepper, which was highly valued in ancient India, especially during the period of the Mauryan Empire. The term Yavanapriya means "beloved by foreigners," indicating that pepper was highly prized by traders from other regions.
Importance of Pepper in Ancient India
Pepper was valued for its medicinal properties and was used in the treatment of various ailments. It was also used as a spice to enhance the flavor of food. Pepper was an important commodity in ancient India, and it was traded extensively with other regions. The trade in pepper was a major source of revenue for the Indian economy.
Pepper in Trade Relations
Pepper was one of the key commodities that were traded between India and other countries. It was exported to various regions, including Europe, China, and the Middle East. The trade in pepper was a major factor in the development of trade relations between India and other countries.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Yavanapriya refers to pepper, which was highly valued in ancient India. Pepper was an important commodity in the Indian economy, and it was extensively traded with other regions. The trade in pepper was a major factor in the development of trade relations between India and other countries.
Importance of Pepper in Ancient India
Pepper was valued for its medicinal properties and was used in the treatment of various ailments. It was also used as a spice to enhance the flavor of food. Pepper was an important commodity in ancient India, and it was traded extensively with other regions. The trade in pepper was a major source of revenue for the Indian economy.
Pepper in Trade Relations
Pepper was one of the key commodities that were traded between India and other countries. It was exported to various regions, including Europe, China, and the Middle East. The trade in pepper was a major factor in the development of trade relations between India and other countries.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Yavanapriya refers to pepper, which was highly valued in ancient India. Pepper was an important commodity in the Indian economy, and it was extensively traded with other regions. The trade in pepper was a major factor in the development of trade relations between India and other countries.
While Pandyan king is mentioned in the ‘Silappadikaram’?- a)Senguttuvan
- b)Karikala
- c)Nedunjeliyan
- d)Elara
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
While Pandyan king is mentioned in the ‘Silappadikaram’?
a)
Senguttuvan
b)
Karikala
c)
Nedunjeliyan
d)
Elara
|
Mrinalini Kumar answered |
Pandyan King mentioned in Silappadikaram is Nedunjeliyan.
Explanation:
Silappadikaram is one of the five great epics of Tamil literature. It was written by Ilango Adigal during the Sangam period. The story revolves around the characters Kannagi, Kovalan, and Madhavi.
The Pandyan king who is mentioned in Silappadikaram is Nedunjeliyan. He was the ruler of Madurai during the Sangam period. He is known for his patronage of Tamil literature and art.
Some of the notable achievements of Nedunjeliyan are:
• Conquered the Chera and Chola kingdoms and expanded the Pandyan Empire.
• Built the Nedunchezhian palace in Madurai, which was known for its grandeur and beauty.
• Commissioned the Manimekalai, a Tamil epic poem, which was a sequel to Silappadikaram.
• Developed the port city of Korkai, which was an important center for trade and commerce.
Nedunjeliyan was a patron of Tamil literature and is known to have supported poets and writers. He also encouraged the translation of Sanskrit works into Tamil.
In Silappadikaram, Nedunjeliyan is mentioned in various contexts. He is mentioned as a powerful king who is feared by his enemies. He is also portrayed as a just ruler who punishes the wrongdoers and protects the weak. Overall, Nedunjeliyan is depicted as a great king who is respected by his subjects and admired by his contemporaries.
Explanation:
Silappadikaram is one of the five great epics of Tamil literature. It was written by Ilango Adigal during the Sangam period. The story revolves around the characters Kannagi, Kovalan, and Madhavi.
The Pandyan king who is mentioned in Silappadikaram is Nedunjeliyan. He was the ruler of Madurai during the Sangam period. He is known for his patronage of Tamil literature and art.
Some of the notable achievements of Nedunjeliyan are:
• Conquered the Chera and Chola kingdoms and expanded the Pandyan Empire.
• Built the Nedunchezhian palace in Madurai, which was known for its grandeur and beauty.
• Commissioned the Manimekalai, a Tamil epic poem, which was a sequel to Silappadikaram.
• Developed the port city of Korkai, which was an important center for trade and commerce.
Nedunjeliyan was a patron of Tamil literature and is known to have supported poets and writers. He also encouraged the translation of Sanskrit works into Tamil.
In Silappadikaram, Nedunjeliyan is mentioned in various contexts. He is mentioned as a powerful king who is feared by his enemies. He is also portrayed as a just ruler who punishes the wrongdoers and protects the weak. Overall, Nedunjeliyan is depicted as a great king who is respected by his subjects and admired by his contemporaries.
Which South Indian dynasty during the Sangam Age was famous for their trade with the Romans and had the emblem of "bow and arrow"?- a)Cholas
- b)Pandyas
- c)Pallavas
- d)Cheras
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which South Indian dynasty during the Sangam Age was famous for their trade with the Romans and had the emblem of "bow and arrow"?
a)
Cholas
b)
Pandyas
c)
Pallavas
d)
Cheras
|
Nishanth Jain answered |
Introduction
The Sangam Age, which flourished in South India from approximately 300 BCE to 300 CE, was a significant period marked by the rise of powerful dynasties and extensive trade networks. Among these, the Cheras stood out for their robust trade relations with the Romans.
Cheras and Their Trade Relations
- The Chera dynasty, located in present-day Kerala and parts of Tamil Nadu, was known for its maritime trade.
- They exported spices, ivory, and textiles, which were highly sought after by Roman traders.
- Their ports, such as Muziris, served as crucial hubs in the trade routes connecting India with the Roman Empire.
Emblem of Bow and Arrow
- The emblem of the Cheras was the “bow and arrow,” symbolizing strength and valor.
- This emblem is frequently found in their inscriptions and literature, indicating its importance in representing the dynasty's identity.
Significance of Trade
- The Cheras played a vital role in the economic landscape of the Sangam period, facilitating cultural exchanges and the spread of ideas.
- The influx of Roman gold into South India due to this trade contributed significantly to the prosperity of the Chera kingdom.
Conclusion
In summary, the Chera dynasty during the Sangam Age was notable for its extensive trade with the Romans, characterized by their emblem of the bow and arrow. Their strategic location and maritime prowess allowed them to become key players in the ancient trade networks, marking a significant chapter in South Indian history.
The Sangam Age, which flourished in South India from approximately 300 BCE to 300 CE, was a significant period marked by the rise of powerful dynasties and extensive trade networks. Among these, the Cheras stood out for their robust trade relations with the Romans.
Cheras and Their Trade Relations
- The Chera dynasty, located in present-day Kerala and parts of Tamil Nadu, was known for its maritime trade.
- They exported spices, ivory, and textiles, which were highly sought after by Roman traders.
- Their ports, such as Muziris, served as crucial hubs in the trade routes connecting India with the Roman Empire.
Emblem of Bow and Arrow
- The emblem of the Cheras was the “bow and arrow,” symbolizing strength and valor.
- This emblem is frequently found in their inscriptions and literature, indicating its importance in representing the dynasty's identity.
Significance of Trade
- The Cheras played a vital role in the economic landscape of the Sangam period, facilitating cultural exchanges and the spread of ideas.
- The influx of Roman gold into South India due to this trade contributed significantly to the prosperity of the Chera kingdom.
Conclusion
In summary, the Chera dynasty during the Sangam Age was notable for its extensive trade with the Romans, characterized by their emblem of the bow and arrow. Their strategic location and maritime prowess allowed them to become key players in the ancient trade networks, marking a significant chapter in South Indian history.
Which one of the following Tamil kings have sent the earliest embassy, (according to Strabo) which was met by Augustus at Athens about 20 B.C.?- a)A Chola king
- b)A Chera king
- c)A Pandya king
- d)A Pallava king
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following Tamil kings have sent the earliest embassy, (according to Strabo) which was met by Augustus at Athens about 20 B.C.?
a)
A Chola king
b)
A Chera king
c)
A Pandya king
d)
A Pallava king
|
|
Srestha Kulkarni answered |
C is the correct option. Nicolaus of Damascus describes an embassy sent by the Indian king Porus (Pandya) to Caesar Augustus. The embassy traveled with a diplomatic letter on a skin in Greek. One of its members was a sramana who burned himself alive in Athens to demonstrate his faith.
Which of the following Tamil works highlight the importance of Jaina philosophy?- a)Jivak-Chintamani
- b)Silappadikaram
- c)Manimekalai
- d)Pattupattu
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following Tamil works highlight the importance of Jaina philosophy?
a)
Jivak-Chintamani
b)
Silappadikaram
c)
Manimekalai
d)
Pattupattu
|
Rishabh Choudhary answered |
The Tamil work that highlights the importance of Jaina philosophy is Jivak-Chintamani. Let's understand why:
Jivak-Chintamani:
- Jivak-Chintamani is a Tamil work that was written by Tirutakkatevar, a Jain monk.
- It is an epic poem that consists of 3,000 verses and was written in the 14th century CE.
- The poem is a philosophical treatise that talks about the Jain doctrine of karma, the cycle of birth and death, and the importance of practicing non-violence and asceticism.
- The work also highlights the Jain concept of the three jewels, which are right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct.
- The poem is considered to be an important work in the Jain tradition and is often recited during religious ceremonies.
Silappadikaram, Manimekalai, and Pattupattu:
- Silappadikaram, Manimekalai, and Pattupattu are other Tamil works that are considered to be classics of Tamil literature.
- However, these works do not specifically highlight the importance of Jaina philosophy.
- Silappadikaram is a story of a courtesan named Kannagi who seeks justice for her husband's wrongful execution. The work explores themes of love, justice, and morality.
- Manimekalai is a Buddhist work that tells the story of a young woman named Manimekalai who becomes a Buddhist nun and learns about the Buddhist concept of enlightenment.
- Pattupattu is a collection of ten Tamil poems that were written by various authors. The poems explore themes of love, war, and nature.
In conclusion, Jivak-Chintamani is the Tamil work that specifically highlights the importance of Jaina philosophy, while Silappadikaram, Manimekalai, and Pattupattu explore other themes.
Jivak-Chintamani:
- Jivak-Chintamani is a Tamil work that was written by Tirutakkatevar, a Jain monk.
- It is an epic poem that consists of 3,000 verses and was written in the 14th century CE.
- The poem is a philosophical treatise that talks about the Jain doctrine of karma, the cycle of birth and death, and the importance of practicing non-violence and asceticism.
- The work also highlights the Jain concept of the three jewels, which are right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct.
- The poem is considered to be an important work in the Jain tradition and is often recited during religious ceremonies.
Silappadikaram, Manimekalai, and Pattupattu:
- Silappadikaram, Manimekalai, and Pattupattu are other Tamil works that are considered to be classics of Tamil literature.
- However, these works do not specifically highlight the importance of Jaina philosophy.
- Silappadikaram is a story of a courtesan named Kannagi who seeks justice for her husband's wrongful execution. The work explores themes of love, justice, and morality.
- Manimekalai is a Buddhist work that tells the story of a young woman named Manimekalai who becomes a Buddhist nun and learns about the Buddhist concept of enlightenment.
- Pattupattu is a collection of ten Tamil poems that were written by various authors. The poems explore themes of love, war, and nature.
In conclusion, Jivak-Chintamani is the Tamil work that specifically highlights the importance of Jaina philosophy, while Silappadikaram, Manimekalai, and Pattupattu explore other themes.
Which Tamil work throws light on India’s flourishing trade with the Roman Empire?- a)Ettutogai
- b)Pattupattu
- c)Manimekali
- d)Silappadikaram
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which Tamil work throws light on India’s flourishing trade with the Roman Empire?
a)
Ettutogai
b)
Pattupattu
c)
Manimekali
d)
Silappadikaram
|
|
Keerthana Khanna answered |
Explanation:
The Tamil work that throws light on India's flourishing trade with the Roman Empire is Silappadikaram.
Background:
Silappadikaram is one of the five great epics of Tamil literature. It was written by the Tamil poet Ilango Adigal in the 5th century CE. The work is divided into three books and tells the story of the lives of Kannagi and Kovalan. The epic also provides a wealth of information on the economic and social conditions of ancient Tamil Nadu.
Flourishing Trade:
Silappadikaram describes the flourishing trade between ancient India and the Roman Empire. The Chera king, Senguttuvan, is said to have sent an embassy to the Roman Emperor Augustus, bearing gifts of pearls, ivory, and peacocks. The embassy is said to have returned with Roman wine, gold, and a giraffe. This shows the extent of trade and diplomatic relations between ancient India and the Roman Empire.
The epic also describes the port city of Puhar (now known as Kaveripattinam) as a major hub of international trade. Merchants from various parts of the world, including the Roman Empire, China, and Southeast Asia, are said to have visited the city for trade. The city had a bustling market and was known for its textiles, pearls, and precious stones.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Silappadikaram is an important source of information on the economic and social conditions of ancient Tamil Nadu. It provides valuable insights into the flourishing trade between ancient India and the Roman Empire and highlights the importance of the port city of Puhar in facilitating this trade.
The Tamil work that throws light on India's flourishing trade with the Roman Empire is Silappadikaram.
Background:
Silappadikaram is one of the five great epics of Tamil literature. It was written by the Tamil poet Ilango Adigal in the 5th century CE. The work is divided into three books and tells the story of the lives of Kannagi and Kovalan. The epic also provides a wealth of information on the economic and social conditions of ancient Tamil Nadu.
Flourishing Trade:
Silappadikaram describes the flourishing trade between ancient India and the Roman Empire. The Chera king, Senguttuvan, is said to have sent an embassy to the Roman Emperor Augustus, bearing gifts of pearls, ivory, and peacocks. The embassy is said to have returned with Roman wine, gold, and a giraffe. This shows the extent of trade and diplomatic relations between ancient India and the Roman Empire.
The epic also describes the port city of Puhar (now known as Kaveripattinam) as a major hub of international trade. Merchants from various parts of the world, including the Roman Empire, China, and Southeast Asia, are said to have visited the city for trade. The city had a bustling market and was known for its textiles, pearls, and precious stones.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Silappadikaram is an important source of information on the economic and social conditions of ancient Tamil Nadu. It provides valuable insights into the flourishing trade between ancient India and the Roman Empire and highlights the importance of the port city of Puhar in facilitating this trade.
Which of the following kings made a grand anicut on the Kaveri, the water of which is now-a-days drawn off through a new channel called Vennar?- a)Karikala
- b)Peruvaludi
- c)Ilandiraiyan
- d)Nendunjeliyan
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following kings made a grand anicut on the Kaveri, the water of which is now-a-days drawn off through a new channel called Vennar?
a)
Karikala
b)
Peruvaludi
c)
Ilandiraiyan
d)
Nendunjeliyan
|
Sai Sengupta answered |
A is the correct option.In spite of being one of the glorious kings, “King Karikalan” is well known till this day for his monumental undertaking and completion of "Kaveri river –Kallanai dam (Grand Anicut) Irrigation project" that is fully functional till this day. River Kaveri is the greatest river of Chola Kingdom (Tamil Nadu).
The Tamil poetry in Sangam period was divided into two main groups, namely- a)Palai and Mullani
- b)Kurinji and Aham
- c)Marudam and Puram
- d)Aham and Puram
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The Tamil poetry in Sangam period was divided into two main groups, namely
a)
Palai and Mullani
b)
Kurinji and Aham
c)
Marudam and Puram
d)
Aham and Puram
|
|
Moumita Choudhury answered |
D is the correct option.Both Ettutogai and Pattuppattu were divided into two main groups – Aham (love) and Puram (valour). During the post-Sangam period, Pathinenkilkanakku or eighteen works dealing with ethics and morals was composed. The most important among them is Tirukkural written by Thiruvalluvar.
Consider the following statements regarding the Sangam period:1. The primary deity of the Sangam period was Murugan, who was worshipped in six abodes known as Arupadai Veedu.2. Tolkappiyam refers to four castes, including the vanigar, who were primarily engaged in agriculture.3. The chief source of state income was the revenue generated from foreign trade during the Sangam period.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- a)1 Only
- b)1 and 2 Only
- c)1 and 3 Only
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements regarding the Sangam period:
1. The primary deity of the Sangam period was Murugan, who was worshipped in six abodes known as Arupadai Veedu.
2. Tolkappiyam refers to four castes, including the vanigar, who were primarily engaged in agriculture.
3. The chief source of state income was the revenue generated from foreign trade during the Sangam period.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a)
1 Only
b)
1 and 2 Only
c)
1 and 3 Only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
Goel UPSC Coaching Center answered |
- Statement 1 is correct. Murugan was indeed the primary deity of the Sangam period and was worshipped in six abodes, known as Arupadai Veedu. This reflects the significant cultural and religious role Murugan played during this period.
- Statement 2 is incorrect. Tolkappiyam mentions four castes, among which the vanigar were engaged in trade and commerce, not agriculture. The vellalar were the ones primarily involved in agriculture. This misstatement about the role of vanigar makes this statement false.
- Statement 3 is incorrect. The chief source of state income during the Sangam period was land revenue, not foreign trade. Although customs duties on foreign trade contributed to the state’s income, the primary source was indeed land revenue, complemented by the booty captured in wars.
Thus, only Statement 1 is correct. Therefore, the correct answer is Option A: 1 Only.
Which statement on Sangam history is incorrect?- a)Vishnu worship with Tulsi was popular among the Sangam people.
- b)The Sangam people did not worship Siva, Balaram and Krishna.
- c)Vedic religion of sacrifice was followed by the Sangam kings.
- d)Buddhism and Jainism found a footing in the land of Sangam people.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which statement on Sangam history is incorrect?
a)
Vishnu worship with Tulsi was popular among the Sangam people.
b)
The Sangam people did not worship Siva, Balaram and Krishna.
c)
Vedic religion of sacrifice was followed by the Sangam kings.
d)
Buddhism and Jainism found a footing in the land of Sangam people.
|
|
Uday Menon answered |
Incorrect Statement on Sangam History
The incorrect statement on Sangam history is option 'B' - The Sangam people did not worship Siva, Balaram, and Krishna.
Explanation
The Sangam period was an ancient period of Tamil Nadu's history that lasted from 300 BCE to 300 CE. It was characterized by the development of Tamil literature, trade, and culture. The Sangam literature provides valuable insights into the religious beliefs and practices of the people of that period.
Vishnu Worship with Tulsi was Popular among the Sangam People
Vishnu worship with Tulsi was popular among the Sangam people. The Tamil literature of the Sangam period refers to Vishnu's worship with Tulsi leaves. The Sangam literature also mentions Vishnu's ten Avatars, including Rama and Krishna.
Vedic Religion of Sacrifice was Followed by the Sangam Kings
The Sangam kings followed the Vedic religion of sacrifice. The Sangam literature mentions the performance of Yajnas or sacrifices by the kings to appease the gods.
Buddhism and Jainism Found a Foothold in the Land of Sangam People
Buddhism and Jainism found a foothold in the land of Sangam people. The Sangam literature mentions the presence of Buddhist and Jain monks and their teachings in Tamil Nadu during that period.
Conclusion
In conclusion, option 'B' is incorrect because the Sangam people did worship Siva, Balaram, and Krishna, as mentioned in the Sangam literature. However, the worship of Vishnu with Tulsi was more popular among them.
The incorrect statement on Sangam history is option 'B' - The Sangam people did not worship Siva, Balaram, and Krishna.
Explanation
The Sangam period was an ancient period of Tamil Nadu's history that lasted from 300 BCE to 300 CE. It was characterized by the development of Tamil literature, trade, and culture. The Sangam literature provides valuable insights into the religious beliefs and practices of the people of that period.
Vishnu Worship with Tulsi was Popular among the Sangam People
Vishnu worship with Tulsi was popular among the Sangam people. The Tamil literature of the Sangam period refers to Vishnu's worship with Tulsi leaves. The Sangam literature also mentions Vishnu's ten Avatars, including Rama and Krishna.
Vedic Religion of Sacrifice was Followed by the Sangam Kings
The Sangam kings followed the Vedic religion of sacrifice. The Sangam literature mentions the performance of Yajnas or sacrifices by the kings to appease the gods.
Buddhism and Jainism Found a Foothold in the Land of Sangam People
Buddhism and Jainism found a foothold in the land of Sangam people. The Sangam literature mentions the presence of Buddhist and Jain monks and their teachings in Tamil Nadu during that period.
Conclusion
In conclusion, option 'B' is incorrect because the Sangam people did worship Siva, Balaram, and Krishna, as mentioned in the Sangam literature. However, the worship of Vishnu with Tulsi was more popular among them.
Who was the chief deity of the Sangam age?- a)Murugan
- b)Siva
- c)Indra
- d)Vishnu.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Who was the chief deity of the Sangam age?
a)
Murugan
b)
Siva
c)
Indra
d)
Vishnu.
|
|
Garima Tiwari answered |
The chief deity of the Sangam age was Murugan. Murugan is a popular deity in the Tamil tradition and is considered as the son of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. He is also known by various names such as Kartikeya, Skanda, and Subramanya.
During the Sangam age, which is believed to have lasted from 300 BCE to 300 CE, the Tamil society was highly influenced by religion and spirituality. The Sangam literature, which consists of various poems and literary works, provides insights into the religious and cultural practices of that time.
Explanation:
1. Sangam Age:
- The Sangam Age refers to the period of ancient Tamil history when the Sangam literature was produced.
- It is considered as a golden age of Tamil literature and is divided into three periods known as Sangam eras.
2. Sangam Literature:
- The Sangam literature consists of poems and literary works composed by Tamil poets during the Sangam Age.
- These poems provide valuable information about the social, political, and cultural aspects of the time.
3. Deities in Sangam Age:
- The Sangam literature mentions various deities worshipped during that time.
- Among them, Murugan was considered as the chief deity and held great significance in the Tamil tradition.
4. Murugan as the Chief Deity:
- Murugan was highly revered as the god of war, victory, and valor.
- He was often depicted as a young and handsome warrior with six faces and twelve arms, riding a peacock.
- Murugan was believed to protect the Tamil land and its people from enemies and evil forces.
5. Worship and Festivals:
- The worship of Murugan involved elaborate rituals and ceremonies.
- Temples dedicated to Murugan were built, and regular offerings and prayers were made.
- Festivals like Thaipusam, which is still celebrated today, were dedicated to Murugan and involved devotees piercing their bodies with hooks or spears as acts of penance and devotion.
Conclusion:
Murugan, also known as Kartikeya or Skanda, was the chief deity of the Sangam Age. His worship and significance can be seen in the Sangam literature and the religious practices of that time. He was revered as the god of war and protection, and his temples and festivals played an important role in the religious and cultural life of the Tamil people during the Sangam Age.
During the Sangam age, which is believed to have lasted from 300 BCE to 300 CE, the Tamil society was highly influenced by religion and spirituality. The Sangam literature, which consists of various poems and literary works, provides insights into the religious and cultural practices of that time.
Explanation:
1. Sangam Age:
- The Sangam Age refers to the period of ancient Tamil history when the Sangam literature was produced.
- It is considered as a golden age of Tamil literature and is divided into three periods known as Sangam eras.
2. Sangam Literature:
- The Sangam literature consists of poems and literary works composed by Tamil poets during the Sangam Age.
- These poems provide valuable information about the social, political, and cultural aspects of the time.
3. Deities in Sangam Age:
- The Sangam literature mentions various deities worshipped during that time.
- Among them, Murugan was considered as the chief deity and held great significance in the Tamil tradition.
4. Murugan as the Chief Deity:
- Murugan was highly revered as the god of war, victory, and valor.
- He was often depicted as a young and handsome warrior with six faces and twelve arms, riding a peacock.
- Murugan was believed to protect the Tamil land and its people from enemies and evil forces.
5. Worship and Festivals:
- The worship of Murugan involved elaborate rituals and ceremonies.
- Temples dedicated to Murugan were built, and regular offerings and prayers were made.
- Festivals like Thaipusam, which is still celebrated today, were dedicated to Murugan and involved devotees piercing their bodies with hooks or spears as acts of penance and devotion.
Conclusion:
Murugan, also known as Kartikeya or Skanda, was the chief deity of the Sangam Age. His worship and significance can be seen in the Sangam literature and the religious practices of that time. He was revered as the god of war and protection, and his temples and festivals played an important role in the religious and cultural life of the Tamil people during the Sangam Age.
The external trade of the Sangam people was carried on mainly with the - a)Romans
- b)Chinese
- c)Arabs
- d)South East Asian People
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The external trade of the Sangam people was carried on mainly with the
a)
Romans
b)
Chinese
c)
Arabs
d)
South East Asian People
|
|
Rhea Reddy answered |
The Romans began to arrive in the Tamil country 1st and 2nd century AD. The Pandyan kingdom was the first to get the benefit of the Roman trade. The Romans had employed the Tarn ii merchants to buy and sell goods in the local market. They had also served in the Pandyan army. In the First and Second centuries A,D,, both the Greeks and Romans expanded their trade in the Tamil country. After that period, there was a gradual decline in the overseas trade. The confusion in the Roman Empire and the collapse of the Sangam age in the Third century A.D. put an end to the Greek and Roman contacts with the Tamil country.
The cause of conflict between the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas during the Sangam age was:- a)The desire to control the fertile deltas.
- b)The desire to control coastal region.
- c)The need for a access to important trading and urban centres.
- d)None of these.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The cause of conflict between the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas during the Sangam age was:
a)
The desire to control the fertile deltas.
b)
The desire to control coastal region.
c)
The need for a access to important trading and urban centres.
d)
None of these.
|
|
Aruna Singh answered |
The correct answer is: a) The desire to control the fertile deltas.
During the Sangam age in ancient India, the Cheras, Cholas, and Pandyas were three major kingdoms that were in frequent conflict with each other. One of the main causes of this conflict was the desire to control the fertile deltas of the Kaveri, Cauvery, and Godavari rivers, which were highly productive agricultural regions. These deltas provided a source of wealth and power for the kingdoms that controlled them, and each of the Cheras, Cholas, and Pandyas sought to gain and maintain control over these regions. The conflicts between these kingdoms were often fierce and resulted in a number of battles and wars, with each kingdom attempting to expand its territory and influence.
What was the inland capital of the Sangam Cholas?- a)Tanjore
- b)Kaveripattanam
- c)Tricharapalli
- d)Uraiyur
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
What was the inland capital of the Sangam Cholas?
a)
Tanjore
b)
Kaveripattanam
c)
Tricharapalli
d)
Uraiyur
|
|
Bhavana Sen answered |
Inland Capital of the Sangam Cholas
The Sangam Cholas were a dynasty that ruled over parts of southern India from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. They were known for their patronage of literature, art, and architecture. The inland capital of the Sangam Cholas was Uraiyur.
Uraiyur as the Capital
Uraiyur was located on the banks of the Kaveri River in present-day Tamil Nadu. It was an important center of trade and commerce, as well as a hub of political and cultural activity. The Sangam literature refers to Uraiyur as the capital of the Cholas.
Uraiyur's Significance
Uraiyur was an important city during the Sangam period, and it played a key role in the growth and development of the Chola dynasty. It was a center of learning and scholarship, and it was home to many poets, scholars, and artists. Uraiyur was also a center of trade and commerce, and it was known for its textiles, pottery, and metalwork.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Uraiyur was the inland capital of the Sangam Cholas. It was an important city during the Sangam period, and it played a key role in the growth and development of the Chola dynasty. Uraiyur was a center of learning and scholarship, as well as a hub of political and cultural activity. It was an important center of trade and commerce, and it was known for its textiles, pottery, and metalwork.
The Sangam Cholas were a dynasty that ruled over parts of southern India from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. They were known for their patronage of literature, art, and architecture. The inland capital of the Sangam Cholas was Uraiyur.
Uraiyur as the Capital
Uraiyur was located on the banks of the Kaveri River in present-day Tamil Nadu. It was an important center of trade and commerce, as well as a hub of political and cultural activity. The Sangam literature refers to Uraiyur as the capital of the Cholas.
Uraiyur's Significance
Uraiyur was an important city during the Sangam period, and it played a key role in the growth and development of the Chola dynasty. It was a center of learning and scholarship, and it was home to many poets, scholars, and artists. Uraiyur was also a center of trade and commerce, and it was known for its textiles, pottery, and metalwork.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Uraiyur was the inland capital of the Sangam Cholas. It was an important city during the Sangam period, and it played a key role in the growth and development of the Chola dynasty. Uraiyur was a center of learning and scholarship, as well as a hub of political and cultural activity. It was an important center of trade and commerce, and it was known for its textiles, pottery, and metalwork.
Uraiyur during the Sangam period was famous for- a)Leather goods
- b)Pearls and muslin
- c)Gold
- d)Ivory
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Uraiyur during the Sangam period was famous for
a)
Leather goods
b)
Pearls and muslin
c)
Gold
d)
Ivory
|
Rishabh Singh answered |
During the Sangam period, Uraiyur was a bustling trade center and was famous for its production of pearls and muslin. This answer can be explained in detail as follows:
Trade in Uraiyur during the Sangam period:
Uraiyur, also known as Puhar, was a major port city located on the banks of the river Kaveri in present-day Tamil Nadu. It was one of the prominent trading centers during the Sangam period, which spanned from 3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE. The city served as a hub for maritime trade, attracting merchants from various parts of the world.
Importance of pearls:
Pearls were highly valued during the Sangam period and were considered a symbol of wealth and luxury. Uraiyur had access to the rich pearl beds of the Gulf of Mannar, which made it a significant center for pearl trade. The city's strategic location on the coast facilitated the collection and distribution of pearls to other regions.
Production of muslin:
Muslin, a fine and delicate cotton fabric, was another important commodity produced in Uraiyur during the Sangam period. The city was renowned for its skilled weavers who produced high-quality muslin fabric. Muslin was highly sought after in the ancient world for its softness, lightness, and breathability. It was used to make garments, curtains, and other luxury items.
Reasons for Uraiyur's specialization in pearls and muslin:
1. Geographic Advantage: Uraiyur's proximity to the Gulf of Mannar gave it easy access to the pearl beds, allowing for efficient collection and trade of pearls. The city's location on the coast also facilitated the import of raw materials required for muslin production, such as cotton.
2. Skilled Artisans: Uraiyur had a large population of skilled craftsmen, including weavers and jewelers. These artisans had honed their craft over generations, leading to the production of high-quality pearls and muslin.
3. Demand and Trade Networks: The demand for pearls and muslin was high not only within the Indian subcontinent but also in the international trade networks. Uraiyur's position as a prominent port city allowed it to establish extensive trade links with other regions, enabling the export of pearls and muslin to distant markets.
In conclusion, Uraiyur's fame during the Sangam period for its production of pearls and muslin can be attributed to its geographic advantage, skilled artisans, and the high demand for these luxury goods in both regional and international trade networks.
Trade in Uraiyur during the Sangam period:
Uraiyur, also known as Puhar, was a major port city located on the banks of the river Kaveri in present-day Tamil Nadu. It was one of the prominent trading centers during the Sangam period, which spanned from 3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE. The city served as a hub for maritime trade, attracting merchants from various parts of the world.
Importance of pearls:
Pearls were highly valued during the Sangam period and were considered a symbol of wealth and luxury. Uraiyur had access to the rich pearl beds of the Gulf of Mannar, which made it a significant center for pearl trade. The city's strategic location on the coast facilitated the collection and distribution of pearls to other regions.
Production of muslin:
Muslin, a fine and delicate cotton fabric, was another important commodity produced in Uraiyur during the Sangam period. The city was renowned for its skilled weavers who produced high-quality muslin fabric. Muslin was highly sought after in the ancient world for its softness, lightness, and breathability. It was used to make garments, curtains, and other luxury items.
Reasons for Uraiyur's specialization in pearls and muslin:
1. Geographic Advantage: Uraiyur's proximity to the Gulf of Mannar gave it easy access to the pearl beds, allowing for efficient collection and trade of pearls. The city's location on the coast also facilitated the import of raw materials required for muslin production, such as cotton.
2. Skilled Artisans: Uraiyur had a large population of skilled craftsmen, including weavers and jewelers. These artisans had honed their craft over generations, leading to the production of high-quality pearls and muslin.
3. Demand and Trade Networks: The demand for pearls and muslin was high not only within the Indian subcontinent but also in the international trade networks. Uraiyur's position as a prominent port city allowed it to establish extensive trade links with other regions, enabling the export of pearls and muslin to distant markets.
In conclusion, Uraiyur's fame during the Sangam period for its production of pearls and muslin can be attributed to its geographic advantage, skilled artisans, and the high demand for these luxury goods in both regional and international trade networks.
Consider the following statements regarding the political history of the Sangam period:1. The Cheras controlled the region which included the central and northern parts of Kerala and the Kongu region of Tamil Nadu, with their capital at Vanji.2. The Cholas, known for their naval prowess, had their main capital at Korkai, and their emblem was the "Fish".3. The Pandyas were renowned for their pearl fisheries and chank diving at Korkai, and they adopted the Vedic religion of sacrifice.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- a)1 Only
- b)1 and 2 Only
- c)1 and 3 Only
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements regarding the political history of the Sangam period:
1. The Cheras controlled the region which included the central and northern parts of Kerala and the Kongu region of Tamil Nadu, with their capital at Vanji.
2. The Cholas, known for their naval prowess, had their main capital at Korkai, and their emblem was the "Fish".
3. The Pandyas were renowned for their pearl fisheries and chank diving at Korkai, and they adopted the Vedic religion of sacrifice.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a)
1 Only
b)
1 and 2 Only
c)
1 and 3 Only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
Divey Sethi answered |
- Statement 1 is correct. The Cheras indeed controlled the central and northern parts of Kerala and the Kongu region of Tamil Nadu, with Vanji as their capital. Their emblem was the "bow and arrow". They played a significant role in trade, particularly with the Romans.
- Statement 2 is incorrect. The Cholas had their capital at Uraiyur (near Tiruchirapalli), and Puhar (Kaviripattinam) was also a significant port and alternative royal residence. Their emblem was the "Tiger", not the "Fish", which was associated with the Pandyas. Korkai was the main port of the Pandyas.
- Statement 3 is correct. The Pandyas were indeed famous for their pearl fisheries and chank diving at Korkai, which was a significant port. They adopted the Vedic religion of sacrifice and patronized Brahmin priests, a notable feature of their rule.
Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct, making the correct option Option C: 1 and 3 Only.
Consider the following pairs:1. Cheras - Vanji2. Cholas - Korkai3. Pandyas - Madurai4. Cholas - Tiger (Emblem)How many pairs given above are correctly matched?- a)Only one pair
- b)Only two pairs
- c)Only three pairs
- d)All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following pairs:
1. Cheras - Vanji
2. Cholas - Korkai
3. Pandyas - Madurai
4. Cholas - Tiger (Emblem)
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
a)
Only one pair
b)
Only two pairs
c)
Only three pairs
d)
All four pairs
|
|
Devanshi Choudhury answered |
Understanding the Pairs
To evaluate the correctness of the pairs provided, we need to analyze the historical and cultural significance of each match.
1. Cheras - Vanji
- The Cheras were an ancient dynasty in South India, and Vanji (modern-day Vanchi) is often associated with them as a significant trading port.
- Correct Match: Yes
2. Cholas - Korkai
- Korkai was a major port associated with the Pandya dynasty, not the Cholas.
- Correct Match: No
3. Pandyas - Madurai
- Madurai was the capital city of the Pandya dynasty and a center of their culture and trade.
- Correct Match: Yes
4. Cholas - Tiger (Emblem)
- The Chola dynasty is indeed known for the tiger as part of their royal insignia, symbolizing power and bravery.
- Correct Match: Yes
Summary of Correct Matches
- Correct Matches:
- Cheras - Vanji (Yes)
- Cholas - Korkai (No)
- Pandyas - Madurai (Yes)
- Cholas - Tiger (Emblem) (Yes)
Conclusion
Out of the four pairs, three are correctly matched:
1. Cheras - Vanji
2. Pandyas - Madurai
3. Cholas - Tiger (Emblem)
Thus, the correct answer is option 'C', which states that only three pairs are correctly matched.
To evaluate the correctness of the pairs provided, we need to analyze the historical and cultural significance of each match.
1. Cheras - Vanji
- The Cheras were an ancient dynasty in South India, and Vanji (modern-day Vanchi) is often associated with them as a significant trading port.
- Correct Match: Yes
2. Cholas - Korkai
- Korkai was a major port associated with the Pandya dynasty, not the Cholas.
- Correct Match: No
3. Pandyas - Madurai
- Madurai was the capital city of the Pandya dynasty and a center of their culture and trade.
- Correct Match: Yes
4. Cholas - Tiger (Emblem)
- The Chola dynasty is indeed known for the tiger as part of their royal insignia, symbolizing power and bravery.
- Correct Match: Yes
Summary of Correct Matches
- Correct Matches:
- Cheras - Vanji (Yes)
- Cholas - Korkai (No)
- Pandyas - Madurai (Yes)
- Cholas - Tiger (Emblem) (Yes)
Conclusion
Out of the four pairs, three are correctly matched:
1. Cheras - Vanji
2. Pandyas - Madurai
3. Cholas - Tiger (Emblem)
Thus, the correct answer is option 'C', which states that only three pairs are correctly matched.
What was the important port of eastern coast in the Sangam age?- a)Colchi
- b)Tyndis
- c)Muziris
- d)Naura
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What was the important port of eastern coast in the Sangam age?
a)
Colchi
b)
Tyndis
c)
Muziris
d)
Naura
|
Mira Joshi answered |
A is the correct option.The Sangam period, or Sangam Age is the period of history of ancient Tamil Nadu and Kerala and parts of Sri Lanka (then known as Tamilakam) spanning from c. 6th century BCE to c. 3rd century CE.
Erythraean Sea refers to Korkai as Colchis and Ptolemy, an Egyptian geographer calls it Kolkhai. Multiple classical works of the Sangam literature.
Erythraean Sea refers to Korkai as Colchis and Ptolemy, an Egyptian geographer calls it Kolkhai. Multiple classical works of the Sangam literature.
What was the script used in the earliest Tamil inscriptions? - a)Dravidian
- b)Pictographic
- c)Brahmi
- d)Kharosthi
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What was the script used in the earliest Tamil inscriptions?
a)
Dravidian
b)
Pictographic
c)
Brahmi
d)
Kharosthi
|
|
Anjali Kaur answered |
< b="" />The script used in the earliest Tamil inscriptions was Brahmi.< />
The Brahmi script is one of the oldest writing systems in the Indian subcontinent and was used to write various ancient Indian languages including Tamil. It originated during the Mauryan period in the 3rd century BCE and spread across different regions, including South India.
< b="" />Origin and Development of Brahmi Script< />
The Brahmi script is believed to have evolved from the Aramaic script and was developed by the ancient Indian scholars. It was initially used to write Prakrit, the popular language of the time. Over time, it was adapted to write various regional languages, including Tamil.
< b="" />Adaptation of Brahmi for Tamil< />
When the Brahmi script was adapted for Tamil, some modifications were made to accommodate the unique phonetic sounds of the language. Tamil has a distinct set of consonants and vowels, and the Brahmi script was adapted to represent these sounds accurately.
< b="" />Earliest Tamil Inscriptions< />
The earliest Tamil inscriptions are found in the caves and rock-cut temples of Tamil Nadu. These inscriptions date back to the 2nd century BCE and provide valuable insights into the ancient Tamil society, culture, and political history. The inscriptions are mainly written in the Brahmi script.
< b="" />Significance of Brahmi Script in Tamil Inscriptions< />
The use of the Brahmi script in the earliest Tamil inscriptions is of great significance as it signifies the influence of the script in the region during that time. It also indicates the existence of a written tradition in Tamil Nadu, highlighting the importance of literacy and documentation in ancient Tamil society.
< b="" />Conclusion< />
In conclusion, the script used in the earliest Tamil inscriptions was the Brahmi script. It was adapted to accurately represent the phonetic sounds of the Tamil language. These inscriptions provide valuable information about the ancient Tamil society and highlight the significance of literacy and documentation in that era.
The Brahmi script is one of the oldest writing systems in the Indian subcontinent and was used to write various ancient Indian languages including Tamil. It originated during the Mauryan period in the 3rd century BCE and spread across different regions, including South India.
< b="" />Origin and Development of Brahmi Script< />
The Brahmi script is believed to have evolved from the Aramaic script and was developed by the ancient Indian scholars. It was initially used to write Prakrit, the popular language of the time. Over time, it was adapted to write various regional languages, including Tamil.
< b="" />Adaptation of Brahmi for Tamil< />
When the Brahmi script was adapted for Tamil, some modifications were made to accommodate the unique phonetic sounds of the language. Tamil has a distinct set of consonants and vowels, and the Brahmi script was adapted to represent these sounds accurately.
< b="" />Earliest Tamil Inscriptions< />
The earliest Tamil inscriptions are found in the caves and rock-cut temples of Tamil Nadu. These inscriptions date back to the 2nd century BCE and provide valuable insights into the ancient Tamil society, culture, and political history. The inscriptions are mainly written in the Brahmi script.
< b="" />Significance of Brahmi Script in Tamil Inscriptions< />
The use of the Brahmi script in the earliest Tamil inscriptions is of great significance as it signifies the influence of the script in the region during that time. It also indicates the existence of a written tradition in Tamil Nadu, highlighting the importance of literacy and documentation in ancient Tamil society.
< b="" />Conclusion< />
In conclusion, the script used in the earliest Tamil inscriptions was the Brahmi script. It was adapted to accurately represent the phonetic sounds of the Tamil language. These inscriptions provide valuable information about the ancient Tamil society and highlight the significance of literacy and documentation in that era.
Magasthenes refers to the rule of Heracles’ (Vasudeva Krishna’s) daughter who was assigned villages to rule in Southern region, and who was probably the founder of Pandya kingdom. Identify her.- a)Pandai
- b)Panlavi
- c)Maitri
- d)Pandara
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Magasthenes refers to the rule of Heracles’ (Vasudeva Krishna’s) daughter who was assigned villages to rule in Southern region, and who was probably the founder of Pandya kingdom. Identify her.
a)
Pandai
b)
Panlavi
c)
Maitri
d)
Pandara
|
|
Saikat Datta answered |
Heracles' Daughter and the Pandya Kingdom
Heracles, also known as Vasudeva Krishnas, was a legendary figure in ancient Greek mythology, and in the Indian context, he is identified with Lord Krishna. Magasthenes was an ancient Greek historian who visited India during the period of Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya's reign. He wrote about the Indian society, culture, and political system in his book Indica.
In his book, Magasthenes refers to the rule of Heracles' daughter, who was assigned villages to rule in the southern region of India. She was probably the founder of the Pandya kingdom, which was one of the three ancient Tamil kingdoms that existed in the southern part of India.
Identifying Heracles' Daughter
The question asks to identify Heracles' daughter who was assigned villages to rule in the southern region of India and who was probably the founder of the Pandya kingdom. The options provided are:
a) Pandai
b) Panlavi
c) Maitri
d) Pandara
The correct answer is option 'A,' Pandai. Pandya is the name of the kingdom, and the founder's name is believed to be Pandai, which is a Tamil word meaning "ruler" or "leader." Pandai was believed to have been a princess from the Heracles dynasty who was sent to the southern region of India to establish a settlement.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Magasthenes' reference to Heracles' daughter and the Pandya kingdom provides an interesting insight into the ancient history of India. The identification of Pandai as the founder of the kingdom is significant as it highlights the role of women in ancient Indian society and politics.
Heracles, also known as Vasudeva Krishnas, was a legendary figure in ancient Greek mythology, and in the Indian context, he is identified with Lord Krishna. Magasthenes was an ancient Greek historian who visited India during the period of Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya's reign. He wrote about the Indian society, culture, and political system in his book Indica.
In his book, Magasthenes refers to the rule of Heracles' daughter, who was assigned villages to rule in the southern region of India. She was probably the founder of the Pandya kingdom, which was one of the three ancient Tamil kingdoms that existed in the southern part of India.
Identifying Heracles' Daughter
The question asks to identify Heracles' daughter who was assigned villages to rule in the southern region of India and who was probably the founder of the Pandya kingdom. The options provided are:
a) Pandai
b) Panlavi
c) Maitri
d) Pandara
The correct answer is option 'A,' Pandai. Pandya is the name of the kingdom, and the founder's name is believed to be Pandai, which is a Tamil word meaning "ruler" or "leader." Pandai was believed to have been a princess from the Heracles dynasty who was sent to the southern region of India to establish a settlement.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Magasthenes' reference to Heracles' daughter and the Pandya kingdom provides an interesting insight into the ancient history of India. The identification of Pandai as the founder of the kingdom is significant as it highlights the role of women in ancient Indian society and politics.
The first historical reference to Tamils or Pandyas occurs in the work inscriptions of - a)Megasthenes
- b)Periplus
- c) Kautilya
- d)Ashoka
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The first historical reference to Tamils or Pandyas occurs in the work inscriptions of
a)
Megasthenes
b)
Periplus
c)
Kautilya
d)
Ashoka
|
|
Krithika Shah answered |
The Greek envoy, Megasthenes, mentions Madurai in his account of India in around 300 BC. It was in the period of the Roman empire, under the Pandya dynasty, that the city assumed its great importance, even sending embassies to Rome. Home to the ancient 'Tamil Sangam', (Academy of Tamil Learning), it became as important for its scholarship as for its religious heritage. One of the great Tamil literary epics 'Silappadikaram' was written here in the Roman period.
After the death of which one of the following Roman kings, the trade was conducted more by barter than by coins on account of the financial difficulties of the Roman empire?- a)Pius
- b)Augustus
- c)Nero
- d)Claudium
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
After the death of which one of the following Roman kings, the trade was conducted more by barter than by coins on account of the financial difficulties of the Roman empire?
a)
Pius
b)
Augustus
c)
Nero
d)
Claudium
|
|
Chirag Chawla answered |
Nero was the fifth emperor of Rome. He was adopted by the Roman emperor Claudius at the age of thirteen, and succeeded him to the throne. Nero seems to have been popular with his Praetorian guards, and with lower-class commoners in Rome and the provinces, but was deeply resented by the Roman aristocracy.
Consider the following statements regarding the Sangam Period in South India:1. Tolkappiyam, a work from the Sangam literature, primarily focuses on Tamil grammar and also provides insights into the socio-political conditions of the time.2. The Second Sangam was held at Madurai, and the literary work Tolkappiyam is the only surviving text from this Sangam.3. The Sangam literature includes two epics, Silappathikaram and Manimegalai, which are known for detailing the trade relations between South India and the West.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- a)1 Only
- b)1 and 2 Only
- c)1 and 3 Only
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements regarding the Sangam Period in South India:
1. Tolkappiyam, a work from the Sangam literature, primarily focuses on Tamil grammar and also provides insights into the socio-political conditions of the time.
2. The Second Sangam was held at Madurai, and the literary work Tolkappiyam is the only surviving text from this Sangam.
3. The Sangam literature includes two epics, Silappathikaram and Manimegalai, which are known for detailing the trade relations between South India and the West.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a)
1 Only
b)
1 and 2 Only
c)
1 and 3 Only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
Future Foundation Institute answered |
Statement 1 is correct. Tolkappiyam is indeed a significant work from Sangam literature, focusing on Tamil grammar while also providing valuable insights into the socio-political conditions of that era. It is considered the earliest Tamil literary work.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Second Sangam was not held at Madurai; it was held at Kapadapuram. Additionally, Tolkappiyam is indeed a surviving work from the Second Sangam, but the location mentioned is incorrect for the Second Sangam.
Statement 3 is incorrect. While Silappathikaram and Manimegalai are two epics included in Sangam literature, they primarily provide insights into the society and polity of the Sangam period, not specifically focusing on trade relations with the West. The trade relations are more prominently mentioned by Greek authors and other sources.
Thus, only Statement 1 is correct, making Option A the right answer.
What was the royal emblem for the Cheras?- a)Bow
- b)Elephant
- c)Lion
- d) Horse
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What was the royal emblem for the Cheras?
a)
Bow
b)
Elephant
c)
Lion
d)
Horse
|
|
Aruna Singh answered |
The royal emblem for the Cheras was a bow. The Cheras were an ancient Tamil dynasty that ruled over parts of present-day Kerala and Tamil Nadu in southern India. The bow was the symbol of the Chera kings and was depicted on their coins, inscriptions, and other royal insignia. The bow was a powerful and revered weapon in ancient India and was associated with the god Shiva, who was believed to have used it to defeat demons and protect the world from chaos. The Cheras used the bow as their royal emblem to symbolize their power and authority as rulers of their kingdom.
Consider the following statements:Statement-I:
The Sangam Period in South India is named after the Sangam academies that flourished under the royal patronage of the Pandya kings of Madurai.Statement-II:
The Sangam literature includes works like Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku, Silappathikaram, and Manimegalai, providing valuable insights into the history and society of that time.Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?- a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
- b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
- c)Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
- d)Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
The Sangam Period in South India is named after the Sangam academies that flourished under the royal patronage of the Pandya kings of Madurai.
The Sangam Period in South India is named after the Sangam academies that flourished under the royal patronage of the Pandya kings of Madurai.
Statement-II:
The Sangam literature includes works like Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku, Silappathikaram, and Manimegalai, providing valuable insights into the history and society of that time.
The Sangam literature includes works like Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku, Silappathikaram, and Manimegalai, providing valuable insights into the history and society of that time.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
b)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
c)
Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
d)
Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
|
Innovative Classes answered |
- Statement I is correct. The Sangam Period in South India is indeed named after the Sangam academies, which were scholarly assemblies supported under the royal patronage of the Pandya kings in Madurai. These academies were central to the literary and cultural developments of the time.
- Statement II is also correct. Sangam literature includes works like the Tolkappiyam (an early work on Tamil grammar and poetics), Ettutogai and Pattuppattu (anthologies of poems), Pathinenkilkanakku (collection of didactic texts), Silappathikaram (an epic story of a loyal wife), and Manimegalai (the story of Manimegalai and her conversion to Buddhism). These works provide a wealth of information on the history, culture, and society of the Sangam era, including details on the daily life, economic activities, and social structures.
While both statements are correct, Statement II does not explain Statement I; it merely details the literary compositions of the Sangam period, which, while contributing to our understanding of the time, do not directly explain the function or origin of the Sangam academies themselves. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Which of the following works from the Sangam age is regarded as the most significant masterpiece of ancient Tamil literature?- a)Ettutogai
- b)Pattupattu
- c)Tolkappiyam
- d)Padienenkilkanakku
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following works from the Sangam age is regarded as the most significant masterpiece of ancient Tamil literature?
a)
Ettutogai
b)
Pattupattu
c)
Tolkappiyam
d)
Padienenkilkanakku
|
|
Future Foundation Institute answered |
The Sangam age is renowned for its rich contribution to Tamil literature. Among the works from this period, the Ettutogai is often considered a significant masterpiece.
- Ettutogai: This collection is a vital part of ancient Tamil literary tradition, comprising eight anthologies.
- It features a variety of themes, ranging from love to valour, reflecting the culture and life of the era.
- Its linguistic and poetic excellence marks it as a cornerstone of Tamil literature.
Consider the following statements:Statement-I:
The Cholas controlled the central and northern parts of Tamil Nadu, with their core area of rule being the Kaveri delta.
Statement-II:
The Pandyas ruled from Madurai and were mainly associated with the region near the confluence of Thampraparani with the Bay of Bengal.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?- a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
- b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
- c)Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
- d)Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
The Cholas controlled the central and northern parts of Tamil Nadu, with their core area of rule being the Kaveri delta.
Statement-II:
The Pandyas ruled from Madurai and were mainly associated with the region near the confluence of Thampraparani with the Bay of Bengal.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
The Cholas controlled the central and northern parts of Tamil Nadu, with their core area of rule being the Kaveri delta.
Statement-II:
The Pandyas ruled from Madurai and were mainly associated with the region near the confluence of Thampraparani with the Bay of Bengal.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
b)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
c)
Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
d)
Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
|
Capstone Ias Learning answered |
Statement-I correctly describes the territorial control and geographical focus of the Cholas in Tamil Nadu, particularly highlighting their dominance over the Kaveri delta region. Statement-II accurately portrays the territorial reign of the Pandyas, emphasizing their rule from Madurai and their association with the region near the confluence of Thampraparani with the Bay of Bengal. Both statements are factually correct, and Statement-II logically supplements and provides additional information that complements Statement-I, making option (a) the most suitable answer.
Which one of the following statements on the social life in the Sangam era is NOT correct?
- a)Tolkappiar calls the commercial community as Vaisigas
- b)Civil and military offices were held by the rich peasants called Velalas
- c)Caste distinction existed
- d)The widows had to cut off their hair, discard all ornaments and eat only the plainest food
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following statements on the social life in the Sangam era is NOT correct?
a)
Tolkappiar calls the commercial community as Vaisigas
b)
Civil and military offices were held by the rich peasants called Velalas
c)
Caste distinction existed
d)
The widows had to cut off their hair, discard all ornaments and eat only the plainest food
|
|
Mahi Gupta answered |
During the Sangam age, The status of women was not high. The widows had to cut off their hair, discard all ornaments and eat only the plainest food. Civil and military offices were held by the rich peasants called Velalas. The caste division and the tribal arrangement co-existed the appearance of the Brahmanas as a regular Varna.
What was the royal emblem for the Cholas?- a)Elephant
- b)Tiger
- c)Horse
- d)Lion
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What was the royal emblem for the Cholas?
a)
Elephant
b)
Tiger
c)
Horse
d)
Lion
|
|
Alok Shah answered |
B is the correct option.The Tiger or Jumping Tiger was the royal emblem of the Cholas and was depicted on coins, seals and banners.
The division of Sangam society was made according to the region of the Tamil land to which the poem referred. Match the Tamil words with the regions they are associated with:
- a)[A-III], [B-I], [C-V], [D-II], [E-IV]
- b)[A-I], [B-V], [C-V], [D-IV], [E-III]
- c)[A-II], [B-III], [C-II], [D-IV], [E-V]
- d)[A-II], [B-I], [C-III], [D-IV], [E-V]
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The division of Sangam society was made according to the region of the Tamil land to which the poem referred. Match the Tamil words with the regions they are associated with:
a)
[A-III], [B-I], [C-V], [D-II], [E-IV]
b)
[A-I], [B-V], [C-V], [D-IV], [E-III]
c)
[A-II], [B-III], [C-II], [D-IV], [E-V]
d)
[A-II], [B-I], [C-III], [D-IV], [E-V]
|
|
Sur Yaa answered |
The options seem wrong, correct order is
A - III
B- I
C- II
D- IV
E-V
Korkai was the coastal capital of- a)Cheras
- b)Cholas
- c)Pandyas
- d) Pallavas
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Korkai was the coastal capital of
a)
Cheras
b)
Cholas
c)
Pandyas
d)
Pallavas
|
Kousikavg_ answered |
The Pandya country, as per the traditions extended from the Podukottai district to Kanyakumari in south and Achankovil River in Kerala (west) to River Vegai (Madura) in East.
The kingdom was ordinarily divided into 5 principalities which were known as “Five Pandyas“.
The early days capital of Pandyas is Korkai.
The kingdom was ordinarily divided into 5 principalities which were known as “Five Pandyas“.
The early days capital of Pandyas is Korkai.
Consider the following pairs related to the economy of the Sangam Age:1. Uraiyur - Known for cotton clothes2. Puhar - Major import of horses3. Musiri - Port involved in internal trade4. Arikkamedu - Shipbuilding centerHow many pairs given above are correctly matched?- a)Only one pair
- b)Only two pairs
- c)Only three pairs
- d)All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following pairs related to the economy of the Sangam Age:
1. Uraiyur - Known for cotton clothes
2. Puhar - Major import of horses
3. Musiri - Port involved in internal trade
4. Arikkamedu - Shipbuilding center
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
a)
Only one pair
b)
Only two pairs
c)
Only three pairs
d)
All four pairs
|
|
Anshu Bose answered |
Overview of Sangam Age Economy
The Sangam Age, which spanned from 300 BCE to 300 CE in southern India, was marked by vibrant trade and cultural exchanges. Let's analyze the pairs related to its economy.
Analysis of Each Pair
- Uraiyur - Known for cotton clothes
- This pair is correctly matched. Uraiyur was indeed known for its cotton textiles and played a significant role in textile production during the Sangam period.
- Puhar - Major import of horses
- This pair is incorrectly matched. Puhar (or Kaveripattinam) was primarily a port city famous for its trade, but it was not specifically known for the import of horses. Instead, it was more of a trade hub for various goods.
- Musiri - Port involved in internal trade
- This pair is incorrectly matched. Musiri was an important port for international trade, particularly with the Roman Empire, rather than being primarily known for internal trade.
- Arikkamedu - Shipbuilding center
- This pair is incorrectly matched. While Arikkamedu was an important port and trading center, it was not specifically recognized as a shipbuilding center. It was more significant for its connection to trade and commerce.
Conclusion
From the analysis, only the first pair about Uraiyur is correctly matched. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A': Only one pair is correctly matched.
The Sangam Age, which spanned from 300 BCE to 300 CE in southern India, was marked by vibrant trade and cultural exchanges. Let's analyze the pairs related to its economy.
Analysis of Each Pair
- Uraiyur - Known for cotton clothes
- This pair is correctly matched. Uraiyur was indeed known for its cotton textiles and played a significant role in textile production during the Sangam period.
- Puhar - Major import of horses
- This pair is incorrectly matched. Puhar (or Kaveripattinam) was primarily a port city famous for its trade, but it was not specifically known for the import of horses. Instead, it was more of a trade hub for various goods.
- Musiri - Port involved in internal trade
- This pair is incorrectly matched. Musiri was an important port for international trade, particularly with the Roman Empire, rather than being primarily known for internal trade.
- Arikkamedu - Shipbuilding center
- This pair is incorrectly matched. While Arikkamedu was an important port and trading center, it was not specifically recognized as a shipbuilding center. It was more significant for its connection to trade and commerce.
Conclusion
From the analysis, only the first pair about Uraiyur is correctly matched. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A': Only one pair is correctly matched.
Which one of the following statements regarding Sangam age is NOT correct? - a)It was spread over in Tamil nadu, Kerala and some parts of srilanka
- b)It spanned between 300 BC to 300 AD
- c)It is mainly about few Pandyan kings who ruled over during that time
- d)It was located in the southern part of India
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following statements regarding Sangam age is NOT correct?
a)
It was spread over in Tamil nadu, Kerala and some parts of srilanka
b)
It spanned between 300 BC to 300 AD
c)
It is mainly about few Pandyan kings who ruled over during that time
d)
It was located in the southern part of India
|
|
Keerthana Khanna answered |
The sangam age talks about all 3 kingdoms of south India during that time. Those were Cheras, the Cholas and the Pandyas who patronised the scholars of different branches of literature. The earliest ruler of Chera kingdom, Udayan Cheraladana was a great warrior who defeated the Satavahanas. Kadalapirakottiya Chenkuttuvan was the greatest Chera king who patronised the Sangam literature. The next patrons of the Sangam literature were the Cholas. The greatest Chola king Karikalan Chola encourged the Sangam literature. Under his leadership the Cholas became the leading power of the south. He defeated Cheras and Pandyas. He is equally credited for promoting art, industry and trade.
Assertion A: In the Sangam period the Vellals were the biggest land-owning class and on account of their land ownership they enjoyed high position in the administration and government.
Reason R: There are no references to ‘Serfs’ but the status of agricultural labour was no better than that of serfs.- a)If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)If A is true and R is false.
- d)If A is false and R is true.
- e)If both A and R are false.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion A: In the Sangam period the Vellals were the biggest land-owning class and on account of their land ownership they enjoyed high position in the administration and government.
Reason R: There are no references to ‘Serfs’ but the status of agricultural labour was no better than that of serfs.
Reason R: There are no references to ‘Serfs’ but the status of agricultural labour was no better than that of serfs.
a)
If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
If A is true and R is false.
d)
If A is false and R is true.
e)
If both A and R are false.
|
|
Bhaskar Datta answered |
Statement A: In the Sangam period the Vellals were the biggest land-owning class and on account of their land ownership they enjoyed high position in the administration and government.
Statement R: There are no references to Serfs but the status of agricultural labor was no better than that of serfs.
Explanation:
• The statement A is true that during the Sangam period, the Vellals were the biggest land-owning class, and because of their land ownership, they enjoyed a high position in the administration and government.
• The Vellalars were a wealthy and socially dominant group of people who owned large tracts of land in the Tamil region.
• The Vellalars were considered superior to other groups and enjoyed many privileges and rights due to their land ownership.
• The statement R is also true that there are no references to serfs in the Sangam period, but the status of agricultural labor was no better than that of serfs.
• The agricultural laborers were in a vulnerable position in society and were at the mercy of their landlords.
• They were not considered slaves but were bound to their landowners and were forced to work in their fields.
• They had to pay a portion of their harvest as rent to their landlords, and they could not leave their land without the permission of their landlords.
• Although they were not slaves, they had no freedom and were dependent on their landlords for their survival.
• Therefore, statement A and R are both true, but R is not the correct explanation of A because the status of agricultural laborers was not related to the high position of Vellalars in the administration and government.
Statement R: There are no references to Serfs but the status of agricultural labor was no better than that of serfs.
Explanation:
• The statement A is true that during the Sangam period, the Vellals were the biggest land-owning class, and because of their land ownership, they enjoyed a high position in the administration and government.
• The Vellalars were a wealthy and socially dominant group of people who owned large tracts of land in the Tamil region.
• The Vellalars were considered superior to other groups and enjoyed many privileges and rights due to their land ownership.
• The statement R is also true that there are no references to serfs in the Sangam period, but the status of agricultural labor was no better than that of serfs.
• The agricultural laborers were in a vulnerable position in society and were at the mercy of their landlords.
• They were not considered slaves but were bound to their landowners and were forced to work in their fields.
• They had to pay a portion of their harvest as rent to their landlords, and they could not leave their land without the permission of their landlords.
• Although they were not slaves, they had no freedom and were dependent on their landlords for their survival.
• Therefore, statement A and R are both true, but R is not the correct explanation of A because the status of agricultural laborers was not related to the high position of Vellalars in the administration and government.
Which one of the following Chera kings is the brother of Ilango, the author of the Sangam epic ‘Silappadikaram’?- a)Nedunjeral
- b)Karikala
- c)Nedunjjeliyan
- d)Senuguttuvan
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following Chera kings is the brother of Ilango, the author of the Sangam epic ‘Silappadikaram’?
a)
Nedunjeral
b)
Karikala
c)
Nedunjjeliyan
d)
Senuguttuvan
|
|
Palak Pillai answered |
King Senuguttuvan, the brother of Ilango, was a Chera king who ruled in the Sangam period. He is mentioned in the Sangam literature as a patron of poets and a great warrior. He is also believed to have been a contemporary of the famous Chola king Karikala.
Explanation:
- The Sangam literature is a collection of Tamil literature from the ancient Sangam period in Tamil Nadu, India. It includes poems, songs, and epics that were composed by Tamil poets and bards between 300 BCE and 300 CE. The Sangam literature provides valuable insights into the social, cultural, and political life of the Tamil people during this period.
- Silappadikaram is one of the five great epics of Tamil literature. It was written by Ilango Adigal, who was the brother of King Senuguttuvan, a Chera king who ruled in the Sangam period. The epic tells the story of the life of Kovalan and his wife Kannagi, and their tragic end.
- King Senuguttuvan is mentioned in several Sangam poems and epics as a great patron of poets and a warrior. He is believed to have fought in several battles and conquered several kingdoms.
- According to the Sangam literature, King Senuguttuvan was a just and wise ruler who took care of his people and promoted the welfare of his kingdom. He is also said to have built several temples and other public works.
- King Senuguttuvan is believed to have been a contemporary of the famous Chola king Karikala. Karikala is also mentioned in the Sangam literature as a great warrior and ruler who expanded the Chola kingdom and defeated several other kingdoms.
- In conclusion, King Senuguttuvan, the brother of Ilango, was a Chera king who ruled in the Sangam period. He was a great patron of poets, a warrior, and a just and wise ruler. His reign is considered a golden period in the history of the Chera kingdom.
Explanation:
- The Sangam literature is a collection of Tamil literature from the ancient Sangam period in Tamil Nadu, India. It includes poems, songs, and epics that were composed by Tamil poets and bards between 300 BCE and 300 CE. The Sangam literature provides valuable insights into the social, cultural, and political life of the Tamil people during this period.
- Silappadikaram is one of the five great epics of Tamil literature. It was written by Ilango Adigal, who was the brother of King Senuguttuvan, a Chera king who ruled in the Sangam period. The epic tells the story of the life of Kovalan and his wife Kannagi, and their tragic end.
- King Senuguttuvan is mentioned in several Sangam poems and epics as a great patron of poets and a warrior. He is believed to have fought in several battles and conquered several kingdoms.
- According to the Sangam literature, King Senuguttuvan was a just and wise ruler who took care of his people and promoted the welfare of his kingdom. He is also said to have built several temples and other public works.
- King Senuguttuvan is believed to have been a contemporary of the famous Chola king Karikala. Karikala is also mentioned in the Sangam literature as a great warrior and ruler who expanded the Chola kingdom and defeated several other kingdoms.
- In conclusion, King Senuguttuvan, the brother of Ilango, was a Chera king who ruled in the Sangam period. He was a great patron of poets, a warrior, and a just and wise ruler. His reign is considered a golden period in the history of the Chera kingdom.
Assertion A : The unit of revenue yielding territory was known as ‘Variyam’.Reason R: Brahmins were totally exempted from the payment of land revenue or other taxes.- a)If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)If A is true and R is false.
- d)If A is false and R is true.
- e)If both A and R are false.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion A : The unit of revenue yielding territory was known as ‘Variyam’.
Reason R: Brahmins were totally exempted from the payment of land revenue or other taxes.
a)
If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
If A is true and R is false.
d)
If A is false and R is true.
e)
If both A and R are false.
|
Varun Kapoor answered |
The correct answer is "If A is true and R is false."
The assertion "The unit of revenue yielding territory was known as 'Variyam'" is true. In the context of ancient India, a "variyam" was a unit of land that was used to assess land revenue. However, the reason given in the question, "Brahmins were totally exempted from the payment of land revenue or other taxes," is not a correct explanation for this assertion. It is not accurate to say that Brahmins were exempt from all taxes or land revenue, as the specific tax and revenue policies in ancient India varied over time and varied by region. Therefore, the correct answer is "If A is true and R is false."
Which work is considered the earliest Tamil literary work and provides insights into the political and socio-economic conditions of the Sangam Period?- a)Silappathikaram
- b)Tolkappiyam
- c)Manimegalai
- d)Ettutogai
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which work is considered the earliest Tamil literary work and provides insights into the political and socio-economic conditions of the Sangam Period?
a)
Silappathikaram
b)
Tolkappiyam
c)
Manimegalai
d)
Ettutogai
|
|
Jyoti Sen answered |
The Earliest Tamil Literary Work
The correct answer to the question regarding the earliest Tamil literary work that provides insights into the political and socio-economic conditions of the Sangam Period is indeed option 'B', Tolkappiyam.
Overview of Tolkappiyam
- Tolkappiyam is considered the oldest extant Tamil text, dating back to around the 3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE.
- It is a foundational work on Tamil grammar and poetics, authored by the sage Tolkappiyar.
Insights into Sangam Period
- The text delves into various aspects of Tamil language, literature, and culture.
- It offers significant insights into the political landscape of the Sangam Period, describing the various kingdoms and their rulers.
- Tolkappiyam also touches upon social norms, customs, and the economic activities prevalent during this time.
Structure and Content
- The work is divided into three main sections:
- Ezhuthu (letters)
- Sol (words)
- Porul (meanings and contexts)
- Each section contributes to understanding the linguistic richness and cultural depth of early Tamil society.
Importance in Tamil Literature
- Tolkappiyam serves as a critical reference for scholars studying the evolution of Tamil language and literature.
- It sets the stage for later works of the Sangam literature, such as Silappathikaram and Manimekalai.
In summary, Tolkappiyam stands out as a vital literary work that encapsulates the socio-political and economic fabric of the Sangam Period, marking its significance in Tamil heritage.
The correct answer to the question regarding the earliest Tamil literary work that provides insights into the political and socio-economic conditions of the Sangam Period is indeed option 'B', Tolkappiyam.
Overview of Tolkappiyam
- Tolkappiyam is considered the oldest extant Tamil text, dating back to around the 3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE.
- It is a foundational work on Tamil grammar and poetics, authored by the sage Tolkappiyar.
Insights into Sangam Period
- The text delves into various aspects of Tamil language, literature, and culture.
- It offers significant insights into the political landscape of the Sangam Period, describing the various kingdoms and their rulers.
- Tolkappiyam also touches upon social norms, customs, and the economic activities prevalent during this time.
Structure and Content
- The work is divided into three main sections:
- Ezhuthu (letters)
- Sol (words)
- Porul (meanings and contexts)
- Each section contributes to understanding the linguistic richness and cultural depth of early Tamil society.
Importance in Tamil Literature
- Tolkappiyam serves as a critical reference for scholars studying the evolution of Tamil language and literature.
- It sets the stage for later works of the Sangam literature, such as Silappathikaram and Manimekalai.
In summary, Tolkappiyam stands out as a vital literary work that encapsulates the socio-political and economic fabric of the Sangam Period, marking its significance in Tamil heritage.
Which of the following foreign authors say something about Sangam age?I. Pliny, the Elder
II. Strabo
III. Author of the Periplus of the Erythrean sea
IV. Ptolemy- a)I, II, III
- b)II, III
- c)I, IV
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following foreign authors say something about Sangam age?
I. Pliny, the Elder
II. Strabo
III. Author of the Periplus of the Erythrean sea
IV. Ptolemy
II. Strabo
III. Author of the Periplus of the Erythrean sea
IV. Ptolemy
a)
I, II, III
b)
II, III
c)
I, IV
d)
All of the above
|
|
Garima Menon answered |
Foreign authors and their references to Sangam age:
I. Pliny, the Elder:
- Roman author and naturalist
- Wrote about pearls found in the Gulf of Mannar during the Sangam age
- Mentioned the Pandyan kingdom and its trade relations with Rome
II. Strabo:
- Greek geographer and historian
- Mentioned the Pandyan kingdom and its pearl fisheries
- Described the port city of Korkai in detail
III. Author of the Periplus of the Erythrean Sea:
- Anonymous Greek author
- Described the maritime trade routes and ports along the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea
- Mentioned the Pandyan kingdom and its trade in pearls, textiles, and spices
IV. Ptolemy:
- Greek astronomer and geographer
- Included the Pandyan kingdom and its capital Madurai in his map of the world
- Described the Chera and Chola kingdoms as well
Therefore, the correct answer is option D, as all of the mentioned foreign authors have made references to the Sangam age in their works.
I. Pliny, the Elder:
- Roman author and naturalist
- Wrote about pearls found in the Gulf of Mannar during the Sangam age
- Mentioned the Pandyan kingdom and its trade relations with Rome
II. Strabo:
- Greek geographer and historian
- Mentioned the Pandyan kingdom and its pearl fisheries
- Described the port city of Korkai in detail
III. Author of the Periplus of the Erythrean Sea:
- Anonymous Greek author
- Described the maritime trade routes and ports along the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea
- Mentioned the Pandyan kingdom and its trade in pearls, textiles, and spices
IV. Ptolemy:
- Greek astronomer and geographer
- Included the Pandyan kingdom and its capital Madurai in his map of the world
- Described the Chera and Chola kingdoms as well
Therefore, the correct answer is option D, as all of the mentioned foreign authors have made references to the Sangam age in their works.
Which statement on Karikala is incorrect?- a)He defeated the Ceylonese and captured 12000 prisoners and put them to work at Puhar, a sea-port at the mouth of Kaveri.
- b)He had the grand Ancient Srirangam built, thus controlling the waters of the Kaveri at the head of the delta.
- c)He patronised brahmanical religion and Tamil literature.
- d)He was defeated at the battle of Venni.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which statement on Karikala is incorrect?
a)
He defeated the Ceylonese and captured 12000 prisoners and put them to work at Puhar, a sea-port at the mouth of Kaveri.
b)
He had the grand Ancient Srirangam built, thus controlling the waters of the Kaveri at the head of the delta.
c)
He patronised brahmanical religion and Tamil literature.
d)
He was defeated at the battle of Venni.
|
|
Varun Kapoor answered |
The correct answer is (d) He was defeated at the battle of Venni.
Karikala was a Chola king who ruled in southern India in the 2nd century CE. He is remembered for his military conquests, his patronization of Tamil literature and the arts, and his construction of important infrastructure projects.
The following statements about Karikala are generally considered to be true:
- He defeated the Ceylonese and captured 12000 prisoners and put them to work at Puhar, a sea-port at the mouth of Kaveri: This statement is generally considered to be true. Karikala is remembered for his military conquests, which included the capture of Ceylonese prisoners.
- He had the grand Ancient Srirangam built, thus controlling the waters of the Kaveri at the head of the delta: This statement is also generally considered to be true. Karikala is credited with the construction of several important infrastructure projects, including the Ancient Srirangam temple, which was built to control the waters of the Kaveri river.
- He patronised brahmanical religion and Tamil literature: This statement is also generally considered to be true. Karikala is remembered for his support of Tamil literature and the arts, as well as his patronage of the brahmanical religion.
However, the statement (d) He was defeated at the battle of Venni is incorrect. Karikala is not known to have been defeated at any battle, and there is no historical record of a battle of Venni involving Karikala.
What was the royal emblem for the Pandyas?
- a)Arrow
- b)Bow
- c)Tiger
- d)Fish
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
What was the royal emblem for the Pandyas?
a)
Arrow
b)
Bow
c)
Tiger
d)
Fish
|
|
Goel UPSC Coaching Center answered |
Carp was the royal emblem of Pandya Kingdom. The Pandyas were also mentioned by Megasthanese who said that then kingdom was famous for pearls.
Assertion A : There was an utter lack of local ad-ministrative institutions and, therefore, urban centres were badly neglected.Reason R: The revenue-free villages granted to Brahmins were called Brahmatyam.- a)If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)If A is true and R is false.
- d)If A is false and R is true.
- e)If both A and R are false.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion A : There was an utter lack of local ad-ministrative institutions and, therefore, urban centres were badly neglected.
Reason R: The revenue-free villages granted to Brahmins were called Brahmatyam.
a)
If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
If A is true and R is false.
d)
If A is false and R is true.
e)
If both A and R are false.
|
|
Simran Mehta answered |
Assertion A:
- There was an utter lack of local administrative institutions and, therefore, urban centres were badly neglected.
Reason R:
- The revenue-free villages granted to Brahmins were called Brahmatyam.
The correct option is D - If A is false and R is true.
Explanation:
- Assertion A talks about the lack of local administrative institutions leading to the neglect of urban centres. However, this assertion is not related to the reason given in Reason R.
- Reason R talks about the revenue-free villages granted to Brahmins called Brahmatyam. This was a common practice in ancient India where Brahmins were granted land as a form of patronage. However, this reason is not related to the assertion given in A.
- Therefore, while Reason R is true, Assertion A is false, and there is no cause-effect relationship between the two.
- There was an utter lack of local administrative institutions and, therefore, urban centres were badly neglected.
Reason R:
- The revenue-free villages granted to Brahmins were called Brahmatyam.
The correct option is D - If A is false and R is true.
Explanation:
- Assertion A talks about the lack of local administrative institutions leading to the neglect of urban centres. However, this assertion is not related to the reason given in Reason R.
- Reason R talks about the revenue-free villages granted to Brahmins called Brahmatyam. This was a common practice in ancient India where Brahmins were granted land as a form of patronage. However, this reason is not related to the assertion given in A.
- Therefore, while Reason R is true, Assertion A is false, and there is no cause-effect relationship between the two.
Which one of the following was the correct Tamil designation of the ministers during the Sangam age?- a)Surram
- b)Amaichchar
- c)Mantri
- d)Amatya
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following was the correct Tamil designation of the ministers during the Sangam age?
a)
Surram
b)
Amaichchar
c)
Mantri
d)
Amatya
|
|
Aruna Singh answered |
Amaichchar was the correct Tamil designation of the ministers during the Sangam age. The Sangam age was a period in the history of Tamil Nadu in southern India, which lasted from around the 3rd century BCE to the 3rd century CE. During this time, the Tamil people developed a sophisticated society with a well-organized system of governance. The ministers in the Sangam age were known as amaichchar, and they played a key role in the administration of the state. They were responsible for advising the king on matters of state and for implementing his decisions. The other terms listed (surram, mantri, and amatya) are not known to have been used as the Tamil designation of ministers during the Sangam age.
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