Geography Optional for UPSC UPSC CSE - Notes & Study Material for UPSC CSE
Get access to free study material for Geography Optional for UPSC of UPSC CSE for 2026 exams, with Revision Notes, PPTs, Flashcards, Question & Answer, & more.
Geomorphology
| Savindra Singh Summary : Fundamental Concepts in Geomorphology 11 pages |  |
| Savindra Singh Summary :Earth's Movement (Endogenetic and Exogenetic Forces) 15 pages | |
| Factors Controlling Landform Development 4 pages | |
| Endogenic & Exogenic Forces 6 pages | |
| Flashcards: Endogenic & Exogenic Forces 30 cards | |
| Savindra Singh Summary: Theories of Landform Development 10 pages | |
| GC Leong: Summary of Arid or Desert Landforms 9 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: Limestone & Chalk Landform 2 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: Landforms of Glaciation 7 pages | |
| Origin & Evolution of Earth's Crust 9 pages | |
| Fundamentals of Geomagnetism 10 pages | |
| Physical Condition of Interior of Earth 6 pages | |
| Topic wise Previous Year Questions(Solved): Geomorphology 11 pages | |
| PPT: Continental Drift Theory 14 pages | |
| Continental Drift 6 pages | |
| Savindra Singh Summary: Continents and Oceans 7 pages | |
| PPT: Types of Rocks & Sea Floor Spreading Theory 27 pages | |
| Sea Floor Spreading 5 pages | |
| Savindra Singh Summary:Theory of Isostasy 7 pages | |
| Recent Views on Mountain Building 14 pages | |
| Earthquakes and Tsunamis 13 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: Vulcanism & Earthquakes 2 pages | |
| Mind Map: Geomorphology 1 page | |
| Concepts of Geomorphic Cycles and Landscape Development 18 pages | |
| Channel Morphology 19 pages | |
| Denudation Chronology 3 pages | |
| Slope Development 14 pages | |
| Applied Geomorphology 15 pages | |
| Geo-Hydrology and Hydrological Cycle 6 pages | |
| Development of Modern Landforms 71 pages | |
| Economic Geology and Environment 5 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: Weathering, Mass Movement & Ground Water 6 pages | |
| 7-Days Study Plan: Geomorphology 3 pages | |
| Cheat Sheet: Geomorphology 12 pages | |
| Infographic: Geomorphology 1 page | |
Introduction to Earth and Universe
| NCERT Summary: Our Solar System - 1 7 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Our Solar System - 2 10 pages | |
| PPT: Interior of Earth 21 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: The Earth & The Universe 10 pages | |
| Earth - Basics, Latitudes and Longitudes 8 pages | |
| Interior of Earth 9 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: The Earth's Crust 6 pages | |
| Flashcards: Introduction to Earth & Universe 42 cards | |
| Cheat Sheet: Introduction to Earth and Universe 1 page | |
| NCERT Summary: Latitudes & Longitudes 4 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: The Earth in the Solar System 4 pages | |
| Our Solar System - 1 10 pages | |
| Domains of the Earth 4 pages | |
| Rotation and Revolution 7 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Motions of the Earth 3 pages | |
| Our Solar System - 2 11 pages | |
| 5-Days Study Plan: Introduction to Earth and Universe 3 pages | |
Climatology
| Temperature & Pressure Belts of The World 17 pages | |
| PPT: Pressure Belts 9 pages | |
| Heat Budget of The Earth 4 pages | |
| Atmospheric Circulation 12 pages | |
| Tricellular Meridional Circulation of the Atmosphere 2 pages | |
| PPT: Latitude & Longitude 16 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Composition & Structure of Atmosphere 7 pages | |
| Atmospheric Stability & Instability 9 pages | |
| Mind Map: Climatology 1 page | |
| NCERT Summary: Air 2 pages | |
| Planetary & Local Winds 11 pages | |
| Planetary, Secondary and Local Winds 6 pages | |
| PPT: Permanent Winds 5 pages | |
| PPT: Periodic & Local Winds 18 pages | |
| PPT: El Nino & La Nina- 1 9 pages | |
| PPT: El Nino & La Nina- 2 5 pages | |
| Monsoon & Jet Streams 12 pages | |
| Hydrological Cycle 3 pages | |
| Air Masses and Fronts 16 pages | |
| Temperate & Tropical Cyclones 23 pages | |
| PPT: Thunderstorm 9 pages | |
| Types & Distribution of Precipitation 4 pages | |
| PPT: Precipitation 18 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: Climate 13 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: Weather 5 pages | |
| Topic wise Previous Year Questions (Solved) : Climatology 8 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Climate - 1 13 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Climate - 2 13 pages | |
| Weather & Climate 27 pages | |
| Koppen’s ,Thornthwaite’s & Trewartha’s Classification of World’s Climate 21 pages | |
| Cheat Sheet: Climate 1 page | |
| Flashcards: Climate 28 cards | |
| Global Climate Change 22 pages | |
| Applied Climatology & Urban Climate 13 pages | |
| 7-Days Study Plan: Climatology 4 pages | |
Oceanography
| GC Leong Summary: The Oceans 17 pages | |
| Bottom Topography of the Atlantic, Indian & Pacific Oceans 12 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Movements of Ocean Water 6 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Water(Oceans) 9 pages | |
| Temperature & Salinity of the Oceans 13 pages | |
| PPT: Ocean Temperature & Salinity 14 pages | |
| PPT: Ocean Relief 19 pages | |
| Heat & Salt Budgets 10 pages | |
| Ocean Resources & Ocean Deposits, Biotic, Mineral & Energy Resources 10 pages | |
| Mind Map: Oceanography 1 page | |
| Waves, Currents & Tides 24 pages | |
| Topic wise Previous Year Questions (Solved) : Oceanography 8 pages | |
| Flashcards: Oceanography 40 cards | |
| Law of the Sea & Marine Pollution 20 pages | |
| Coral Reefs & Coral Bleaching 10 pages | |
| GC Leong: Summary of Island and Coral Reefs 5 pages | |
| Sea Level Changes 7 pages | |
| GC Leong: Summary of Lakes and Its Formation 4 pages | |
| GC Leong: Summary of Landforms Made By Running Water 8 pages | |
| 4-Days Study Plan: Oceanography 3 pages | |
Biogeography
| Classification and distribution of soils 14 pages | |
| Factors Influencing World Distribution of Plants and Animals 6 pages | |
| Problems of deforestation and conservation measures 10 pages | |
| Social Forestry & Agroforestry 9 pages | |
| Major Gene Pool Centres 7 pages | |
| Cheat Sheet: Soils 1 page | |
| GC Leong Summary: The Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate 10 pages | |
| GC Leong: Summary of The Tropical Monsoon & Tropical Marine Climate 5 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: The Savanna or Sudan Climate 4 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: The Hot Desert and Mid- Latitude Desert Climate 4 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: The Warm Temperate Western Margin Climate or Mediterranean Climate 8 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: The Temperate Continental or Steppe Climate 4 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin or Laurentian Type Climate 4 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: The Cool Temperate Continental or the Siberian Type Climate 5 pages | |
| GC Leong Summary: The Arctic or Polar Climate 2 pages | |
Environmental Geography
| Principles of Ecology 11 pages | |
| Human Ecological Adaptations 6 pages | |
| Influence of Man on Ecology & Environment 14 pages | |
| Global & Regional Ecological Changes & Imbalances 18 pages | |
| Ecosystems Their Management & Conservation 15 pages | |
| Flashcards: Environment 50 cards | |
| Environmental Degradation, Management & Conservation 23 pages | |
| Biodiversity & Sustainable Development 15 pages | |
| Flashcards: Vegetation & Wildlife 34 cards | |
| Environmental Policy 15 pages | |
| Environmental Hazards & Remedial Measures 28 pages | |
| Flashcards: Natural Hazards & Disasters 26 cards | |
| Environmental Education & Legislation- 1 15 pages | |
| Environmental Education & Legislation- 2 16 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Environmental Issues 10 pages | |
| 3-Days Study Plan: Environmental Geography 3 pages | |
Perspectives in Human Geography (Paper 1)
| Areal Differentiation 12 pages | |
| Regional Synthesis 8 pages | |
| Flashcards: Dichotomy and Dualism 32 cards | |
| Dichotomy & Dualism 9 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Human Geography Nature and Scope 5 pages | |
| Mind Map: Perspectives in Human Geography 1 page | |
| Quantitative Revolution & Locational Analysis 14 pages | |
| Topic wise Previous Year Questions (Solved) : Perspectives in Human Geography 12 pages | |
| Radical, Behavioural, Human & Welfare Approaches 20 pages | |
| Languages, Religions & Secularisation 8 pages | |
| Cultural Region of the World 13 pages | |
| Human Development Index 7 pages | |
| 3-Days Study Plan: Perspectives in Human Geography (Paper 1) 2 pages | |
| Cheat Sheet: Perspectives in Human Geography (Paper 1) 9 pages | |
| PPT: Human Geography 17 pages | |
| Infographics: Perspectives in Human Geography 1 page | |
Economic Geography (Paper 1)
| World Economic Development: Measurement & Problems 11 pages | |
| World Resources & Their Distribution 32 pages | |
| Flashcards: World Resources and Their Distribution 36 cards | |
| Mind Map: Economic Geography 1 page | |
| World Agriculture: Typology of Agricultural Regions 8 pages | |
| Agricultural Inputs and Productivity 18 pages | |
| Food & Nutritions Problems 27 pages | |
| Topic wise Previous Year Questions (Solved) : Economic Geography 8 pages | |
| Famine: Causes, Effects & Remedies 16 pages | |
| World Industries: Location Patterns & Problems - 1 11 pages | |
| World Industries: Location Patterns & Problems - 2 11 pages | |
| Patterns of World Trade 8 pages | |
| 3-Days Study Plan: Economic Geography (Paper 1) 3 pages | |
| PPT: Economic Geapgraphy (Paper 1) 14 pages | |
Population and Settlement Geography (Paper 1)
| Growth and Distribution of World Population 13 pages | |
| Demographic Attributes 19 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Population 7 pages | |
| Causes & Consequences of Migration 17 pages | |
| Concepts of over-under-and optimum population 13 pages | |
| Population Theories, World Population Problems & Policies 24 pages | |
| Migration Theories 4 pages | |
| Flashcards: Migration Theories 32 cards | |
| Population as Social Capital 10 pages | |
| Types and Patterns of Rural Settlements 10 pages | |
| Environmental Issues in Rural Settlements 8 pages | |
| Hierarchy of Urban Settlements 5 pages | |
| Urban Morphology 15 pages | |
| Concept of Primate City and Rank-Size Rule 11 pages | |
| Functional Classification of Towns 18 pages | |
| Topic wise Previous Year Questions (Solved) : Population and Settlement Geography 8 pages | |
| Rural-Urban Fringe 15 pages | |
| Mind Map : Population and Settlement Geography -1 1 page | |
| Mind Map : Population and Settlement Geography-2 1 page | |
| Sphere of Urban Influence 11 pages | |
| Problems and Remedies of Urbanization 10 pages | |
| Sustainable Development of Cities 13 pages | |
| Social well-being and Quality of life 8 pages | |
| 4-Days Study Plan: Population and Settlement Geography (Paper 1) 3 pages | |
| PPT: Population and Settlement Geography (Paper 1) 15 pages | |
Asia
| Asia- Climate, Natural Vegetation and Population 9 pages | |
| Asia- Economic Development 3 pages | |
| Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Maldives 14 pages | |
| Afghanistan, Bhutan , Pakistan and Myanmar 15 pages | |
| North Korea, South Korea and Japan 11 pages | |
| China, Mongolia and Taiwan 10 pages | |
Europe
| Europe - Physical 3 pages | |
| Europe - Political 5 pages | |
| Europe - Climate, Natural Vegetation and Population 6 pages | |
North America
| North America - Physical 4 pages | |
| North America - Political 4 pages | |
| North America - Climate, Natural Vegetation and Population 6 pages | |
South- America
| South America - Physical 4 pages | |
| South America - Political 4 pages | |
| South America - Climate, Natural Vegetation and Population 7 pages | |
Africa
| Africa - Physical 3 pages | |
| Africa - Political 5 pages | |
| Africa - Climate, Natural Vegetation and Population 6 pages | |
Australia
| Australia- Physical 4 pages | |
| Australia- Political 4 pages | |
| Australia- Climate, Natural Vegetation 7 pages | |
Regional Planning (Paper 1)
| Concept of a Region 8 pages | |
| Types of Regions & Methods of Regionalisation 11 pages | |
| Growth Centres & Growth Poles 7 pages | |
| Regional Imbalances 10 pages | |
| Mind Map: Regional Planning 1 page | |
| Regional Development Strategies 16 pages | |
| Flashcards: World Resources & Their Distribution 34 cards | |
| Environmental Issues in Regional Planning 3 pages | |
| Planning for Sustainable Development 6 pages | |
Models, Theories & Laws in Human Geography (Paper 1)
| System Analysis in Human Geography 11 pages | |
| Malthusian, Marxian & Demographic Transition Models 21 pages | |
| Central Place theories of Christaller & Losch 18 pages | |
| Perroux and Boudeville 7 pages | |
| Mind Map: Models, Theories & Laws in Human Geography 1 page | |
| Von Thunen’s model of Agricultural Location 10 pages | |
| Weber’s Theory of Industrial Location 3 pages | |
| Rimland Theories 16 pages | |
| Laws of International Boundaries & Frontiers 8 pages | |
| Rostow’s (Ostov's) Model of Stages of Growth 7 pages | |
Fundamentals of Physical Geography
| NCERT Textbook - Geography as a Discipline 11 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - The Origin and Evolution of the Earth 6 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Interior of the Earth 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Distribution of Oceans and Continents 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Geomorphic Processes 11 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Landforms and their Evolution 16 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Composition and Structure of Atmosphere 4 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems, 10 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Water in the Atmosphere 5 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - World Climate and Climate Change 8 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Water (Oceans) 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Movements of Ocean Water 6 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Biodiversity and Conservation 7 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Life on the Earth 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Minerals & Rocks 6 pages | |
India - Physical Environment
| NCERT Textbook: India - Location 6 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Structure and Physiography 10 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Drainage System 10 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Climate 15 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Natural Vegetation 10 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Natural Hazards and Disasters 21 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Soils 8 pages | |
World
| Major Sea Routes - World 4 pages | |
India
| Major Sea Routes - India 5 pages | |
| Major Air Routes - India 6 pages | |
| Major National Highways - India 6 pages | |
How to Prepare for Geography Optional
| UPSC Optional Subject Syllabus: Geography 5 pages | |
| 90 Days Study Plan for Geography Optional 8 pages | |
World
| Major Earthquake Zones - World 4 pages | |
| Major Volcanic Zones - World 3 pages | |
| Major Tropical Cyclone Zones - World 5 pages | |
India
| Major Earthquake Zones - India 4 pages | |
| Major Volcanic Zones - India 4 pages | |
| Major Flood-prone Areas - India 2 pages | |
| Major Drought-prone Area - India 2 pages | |
Fundamentals Of Human Geography
| NCERT Textbook: Human Geography- Nature & Scope 6 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook :The World Population 6 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Human Development 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Primary Activities 14 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Secondary Activities 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Tertiary & Quaternary Activities 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Transport & Communication 16 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Human Settlements 12 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Population Composition 5 pages | |
India - People and Economy
| NCERT Textbook - Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition 14 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Human Settlements 6 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Land Resources and Agriculture 20 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Water Resources 12 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Mineral and Energy Resources 13 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Transport & Communication 16 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Transport and Communication, Class 12, Geography 11 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - International Trade 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems 11 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Migration : Types, Causes and Consequences 8 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Human Development 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook - Manufacturing Industries 19 pages | |
Monthly Current Affairs
| Geography - Current Affairs (February 2026) 5 pages | |
| Geography – Current Affairs (January 2026) 9 pages | |
| Geography – Current Affairs (December 2025) 3 pages | |
| Geography: September 2025 UPSC Current Affairs 13 pages | |
| Geography: November 2025 UPSC Current Affairs 6 pages | |
| Geography: August 2025 UPSC Current Affairs 10 pages | |
| Geography: October 2025 UPSC Current Affairs 10 pages | |
| Geography: July 2025 UPSC Current Affairs 12 pages | |
| Geography: June 2025 UPSC Current Affairs 3 pages | |
| Geography: May 2025 UPSC Current Affairs 7 pages | |
| Geography: April 2025 UPSC Current Affairs 2 pages | |
| Geography: March 2025 UPSC Current Affairs 7 pages | |
| Geography: February 2025 UPSC Current Affairs 2 pages | |
| Geography: January 2025 UPSC Current Affairs 10 pages | |
| Geography: December 2024 UPSC Current Affairs 19 pages | |
| Geography: November 2024 UPSC Current Affairs 4 pages | |
| Geography: October 2024 UPSC Current Affairs 28 pages | |
| Geography: September 2024 UPSC Current Affairs 20 pages | |
| Geography: August 2024 UPSC Current Affairs 24 pages | |
| Geography: July 2024 UPSC Current Affairs 16 pages | |
Paper - I
| Mock Test Paper - 1 (Geography Optional Paper- I): Questions 3 pages | |
| Mock Test Paper - 1 (Geography Optional Paper- I): Answers 13 pages | |
| Mock Test Paper - 2 (Geography Optional Paper- I): Questions 3 pages | |
| Mock Test Paper - 2 (Geography Optional Paper- I): Answers 16 pages | |
| Mock Test Paper - 3 (Geography Optional Paper- I): Questions 3 pages | |
| Mock Test Paper - 3 (Geography Optional Paper- I): Answers 12 pages | |
Paper - II
| Mock Test Paper - 1 (Geography Optional Paper- II): Questions 2 pages | |
| Mock Test Paper - 1 (Geography Optional Paper- II): Answers 16 pages | |
| Mock Test Paper - 2 (Geography Optional Paper- II): Questions 3 pages | |
| Mock Test Paper - 2 (Geography Optional Paper- II): Answers 7 pages | |
| Mock Test Paper - 3 (Geography Optional Paper- II): Questions 2 pages | |
| Mock Test Paper - 3 (Geography Optional Paper- II): Answers 13 pages | |
Mindmaps
| Mind Map: Geomorphology 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Climatology 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Oceanography 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Perspectives in Human Geography 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Economic Geography 1 page | |
| Mind Map : Population and Settlement Geography -1 1 page | |
| Mind Map : Population and Settlement Geography-2 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Regional Planning 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Models, Theories & Laws in Human Geography 1 page | |
| Mind Map : Physical Setting 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Energy Resources in India 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Agriculture 1 page | |
| Mind Map : Industry 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Transport, Communication & Trade 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Cultural Setting 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Settlements 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Regional Development & Planning 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Political Aspects 1 page | |
| Mind Map: Contemporary Issues 1 page | |
IGNOU Notes For Geography Optionals
| Interior of Earth 15 pages | |
| Humidity and Precipitation 20 pages | |
| Biodiversity Loss 15 pages | |
| Climatic Classification 14 pages | |
| Concepts of Environmental Geography 8 pages | |
| Ecology and Ecosystems 15 pages | |
| Environmental Impact 15 pages | |
| Environmental Conservation And Management 10 pages | |
| Isolation and Atmospheric Temperature 21 pages | |
| Ocean Floor And Relief Features 20 pages | |
| Continental Drift, Mountain Building and Plate Tectonics 18 pages | |
| Rocks and Minerals 12 pages | |
| Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere 15 pages | |
| Tides and Currents 18 pages | |
NCERT Summary
| NCERT Summary: India Location - 1 17 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: India - Location - 2 11 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Drainage System - 1 11 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Drainage System - 2 7 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Climate - 1 13 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Climate - 2 13 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Natural Vegetation - 1 10 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Natural Vegetation - 2 6 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Soils- 1 11 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Soils - 2 8 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Sugar Industry 16 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Our Solar System - 1 7 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Our Solar System - 2 10 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Land Forms- 1 12 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Land Forms - 2 9 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Land use & Agriculture - 1 13 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Land use & Agriculture- 2 14 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Mineral & Energy Resources- 1 11 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Mineral & Energy Resources - 2 13 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Transport & Communication - 1 8 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Transport & Communication - 2 9 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Composition & Structure of Atmosphere 7 pages | |
Class 6 Geography
| NCERT Textbook: The Earth in the Solar System 9 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: The Earth in the Solar System 4 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Globe: Latitudes & Longitudes 8 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Latitudes & Longitudes 4 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Motions of the Earth 5 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Motions of the Earth 3 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Maps 7 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Major Domains of the Earth 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Locating Places on the Earth 26 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Major Landforms of the Earth 8 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Oceans and Continents 14 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Our Country-India 9 pages | |
Class 7 Geography
| NCERT Textbook: Inside our Earth 5 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Inside our Earth 1 page | |
| NCERT Textbook: Environment 6 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Our Changing Earth 8 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Air 10 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Air 2 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Water 9 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Water 2 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Life in the Deserts 8 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Human Environment Interactions The Tropical and the Subtropical Region 10 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Life in the Temperate Grasslands 6 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Human Environment- Settlement, Transport & Communication 8 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Natural Vegetation & Wildlife 8 pages | |
Class 8 Geography
| NCERT Textbook: Resources 6 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Resources 2 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation & Wildlife Resources 15 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Agriculture 5 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Agriculture 10 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Mineral & Power Resources 16 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Industries 12 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Human Resources 11 pages | |
Class 9 Geography
| NCERT Textbook: India - Size And Location 6 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: India - Size and Location 2 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Physical Features of India 10 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Drainage 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Climate 13 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife 9 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Population 11 pages | |
Class 10 Geography
| NCERT Summary: Resources & Development 6 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Resources & Development 12 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Forest & Wildlife Resources 6 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Forest & Wildlife Resources 6 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Water Resources 11 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Agriculture 12 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Minerals & Energy Resources 16 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Manufacturing Industries 13 pages | |
| NCERT Textbook: Lifelines of National Economy 13 pages | |
Physical Setting (Paper 2)
| Space Relationship of India with Neighbouring Countries 15 pages | |
| Structure & Relief 12 pages | |
| Drainage System & Watersheds 20 pages | |
| Physiographic Regions- 1 14 pages | |
| Physiographic Regions- 2 20 pages | |
| Mind Map : Physical Setting 1 page | |
| Flashcards: Introduction to Physiographic Regions- 2 36 cards | |
| Flashcards: Introduction to Physiographic Regions- 1 44 cards | |
| Mechanism of Indian Monsoons & Rainfall Patterns 19 pages | |
| Tropical Cyclones & Western Disturbances 19 pages | |
| Floods & Droughts 14 pages | |
| Natural Vegetation 13 pages | |
| Soil Types and their Distributions 12 pages | |
| Cheat Sheet: The Himalayas 1 page | |
| NCERT Summary: India Location - 1 17 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: India - Location - 2 11 pages | |
| Flashcards: Deserts 30 cards | |
| PPT: Coastal Islands 12 pages | |
| PPT: Coastal Plains- 1 10 pages | |
| PPT: Coastal Plains- 2 9 pages | |
| Flashcards: Indian Coastal Plains and the Islands 16 cards | |
| PPT: Passes of Peninsula 4 pages | |
| PPT: Peninsular India- 1 18 pages | |
| PPT: Peninsular India- 2 10 pages | |
| Flashcards: Peninsular Plateau 40 cards | |
| PPT: Indo-Gangetic Plains 27 pages | |
| Flashcards: Himalayas: Northern Mountains 40 cards | |
| PPT: Indian Geography 9 pages | |
| Flashcards: Soils 40 cards | |
| PPT: Drainage System 22 pages | |
| Flashcards: Drainage Systems 40 cards | |
| Flashcards: Indo Gangetic Plains 36 cards | |
Resources (Paper 2)
| Land, Surface and Ground Water- 1 12 pages | |
| Land surface & Ground Water- 2 12 pages | |
| Energy Resources in India 10 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Mineral & Energy Resources- 1 11 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Mineral & Energy Resources - 2 13 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Resources & Development 6 pages | |
| Minerals, Biotic and Marine Resources, Forest and Wild Life Resources and their Conservation- 1 24 pages | |
| Minerals, Biotic and Marine Resources, Forest and Wild Life Resources and their Conservation- 2 17 pages | |
| Mind Map: Energy Resources in India 1 page | |
| Flashcards: Resources 36 cards | |
| Ground Water Resources 4 pages | |
Agriculture (Paper 2)
| NCERT Summary: Land use & Agriculture - 1 13 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Land use & Agriculture- 2 14 pages | |
| Infrastructure: Irrigation 9 pages | |
| Land Holdings, Land Tenure and Land Reforms 6 pages | |
| Cropping Pattern, Agricultural Productivity & Intensity, Crop Combination, Land Capability 50 pages | |
| Agro and Social-Forestry 6 pages | |
| Green Revolution and Its Socio-Economic and Ecological Implications 8 pages | |
| Significance of Dry Farming 4 pages | |
| Livestock Resources and White Revolution 4 pages | |
| Mind Map: Agriculture 1 page | |
| Sericulture, Agriculture and Poultry 12 pages | |
| Agricultural Regionalisation 10 pages | |
| Agro-Climatic Zones 13 pages | |
| Agro-Ecological Regions 23 pages | |
| Institutional Factors 10 pages | |
| Cheat Sheet: Agriculture & Food Management 1 page | |
| Flashcards: Land use & Agriculture - 1 20 cards | |
| Flashcards: Land use & Agriculture - 1 20 cards | |
Industry (Paper 2)
| Evolution of Industries 14 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Sugar Industry 16 pages | |
| Locational factors of Cotton, Jute, Textile, Iron & Steel, Aluminum- 1 28 pages | |
| Locational factors of Cotton, Jute, Textile, Iron & Steel, Aluminum- 2 33 pages | |
| Chemical & Pharmaceutical, Cottage & Agro-based Industries 13 pages | |
| Automobile, Fertiliser & Paper Industry 31 pages | |
| Industrial Houses & Complexes including Public Sector Undertakings 13 pages | |
| Industrial Regionalisation 10 pages | |
| Mind Map : Industry 1 page | |
| New Industrial Policy 21 pages | |
| Multinationals and Liberalisation 31 pages | |
| Special Economic Zones 11 pages | |
| Tourism including Ecotourism 14 pages | |
Transport, Communication & Trade (Paper 2)
| Road, Railway, Waterway, Airway and Pipeline Networks- 1 18 pages | |
| Road, Railway, Waterway, Airway and Pipeline Networks- 2 8 pages | |
| Growing Importance of Ports on National & Foreign Trade 29 pages | |
| Export Processing Zones 10 pages | |
| Developments in Communication & Information Technology and their Impacts on Economy & Society 6 pages | |
| Mind Map: Transport, Communication & Trade 1 page | |
| Indian Space Programme 4 pages | |
| Pipeline Network in India 6 pages | |
| Introduction of Transportation 3 pages | |
| Introduction of Communication 1 page | |
| NCERT Summary: Transport & Communication - 2 9 pages | |
| NCERT Summary: Transport & Communication - 1 8 pages | |
Cultural Setting (Paper 2)
| Historical Perspective of Indian Society 13 pages | |
| Racial Linguistic & Ethnic Diversity 16 pages | |
| Religious Minorities 6 pages | |
| Major Tribes, Tribal Areas & their Problems- 1 25 pages | |
| Major Tribes, Tribal Areas & their Problems- 2 15 pages | |
| Mind Map: Cultural Setting 1 page | |
| Cultural Regions - 1 16 pages | |
| Cultural Regions - 2 14 pages | |
| Growth, Distribution & Density of Population 12 pages | |
| Demographic Attributes 6 pages | |
| Migration (Inter-Regional, Intraregional & International) & Associated Problems 19 pages | |
| Population and Associated Issues 39 pages | |
| Health Indicators 2 pages | |
Settlements (Paper 2)
| Types, Patterns and Morphology of Rural Settlements 25 pages | |
| Urban Developments 21 pages | |
| Mind Map: Settlements 1 page | |
| Morphology of Indian cities 9 pages | |
| Functional classification of Indian Cities 18 pages | |
| Conurbations and Metropolitan Regions 6 pages | |
| Slums and Associated Problems 5 pages | |
| Problems of Urbanisation & Remedies 10 pages | |
| Flashcards: Types, Patterns and Morphology of Rural Settlements 20 cards | |
Regional Development & Planning (Paper 2)
| Experience of Regional Planning in India: Five Year Plans 15 pages | |
| Integrated Rural Development Programmes 4 pages | |
| Panchayati Raj & Decentralised Planning 35 pages | |
| Command Area Development 16 pages | |
| Watershed Management 4 pages | |
| Mind Map: Regional Development & Planning 1 page | |
| Planning for Backward Area, Desert, Drought-Prone, Hill Tribal Area Development, Island Territories 26 pages | |
| Multi-Level Planning/Decentralised Planning 14 pages | |
| Regional Planning and Development of Island Territories 5 pages | |
| Cheat Sheet: Deserts 1 page | |
Political Aspects (Paper 2)
| Geographical basis of Indian federalism 7 pages | |
| State Reorganisation 6 pages | |
| Emergence of New States 5 pages | |
| Mind Map: Political Aspects 1 page | |
| Regional Consciousness & Inter-State Issues 16 pages | |
| International Boundary of India and Related Issues 16 pages | |
| Cross-border Terrorism 4 pages | |
| India’s Role in World Affairs 4 pages | |
| Geopolitics of South Asia & Indian Ocean realm 4 pages | |
Contemporary Issues (Paper 2)
| Ecological Issues: Environmental Hazards: Landslides, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Floods & Droughts -1 12 pages | |
| Ecological Issues: Environmental Hazards: Landslides, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Floods & Droughts -2 15 pages | |
| Issues Related to Environmental Pollution; Changes in Patterns of Land Use 3 pages | |
| Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Management 11 pages | |
| Population Explosion & Food Security 7 pages | |
| Environmental Degradation 16 pages | |
| Mind Map: Contemporary Issues 1 page | |
| Problems of Agrarian & Industrial Unrest 7 pages | |
| Regional Disparities in Economic Development 8 pages | |
| Concept of Sustainable Growth and Development 9 pages | |
| Environmental Awareness 3 pages | |
| Linkage of Rivers 25 pages | |
| Globalisation & Indian Economy 5 pages | |
| Soil Erosion, Degradation, and Conservation 16 pages | |
2025
| Geography Optional Paper 2 - 2025 8 pages | |
| Geography Optional Paper 1 - 2025 4 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2025: Geography Paper 1 (Section- A) 13 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2025: Geography Paper 1 (Section- B) 14 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2025: Geography Paper 2 (Section- A) 15 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2025: Geography Paper 2 (Section- B) 14 pages | |
2024
| Geography Optional Paper 1 - 2024 6 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2024: Geography Paper 1 (Section- A) 9 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2024: Geography Paper 1 (Section- B) 7 pages | |
| Geography Optional Paper 2 - 2024 8 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2024: Geography Paper 2 (Section- A) 5 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2024: Geography Paper 2 (Section- B) 5 pages | |
2023
| Geography Optional Paper 1 - 2023 4 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2023: Geography Paper 1 (Section- A) 29 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2023: Geography Paper 1 (Section- B) 28 pages | |
| Geography Optional Paper 2 - 2023 8 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2023: Geography Paper 2 (Section- A) 15 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2023: Geography Paper 2 (Section- B) 15 pages | |
2022
| Geography Optional Paper 1 - 2022 4 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2022: Geography Paper 1 (Section- A) 36 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2022: Geography Paper 1 (Section- B) 37 pages | |
| Geography Optional Paper 2 - 2022 8 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2022: Geography Paper 2 (Section- A) 34 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2022: Geography Paper 2 (Section- B) 30 pages | |
2021
| Geography Optional Paper 1- 2021 4 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2021: Geography Paper 1 (Section- A) 36 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2021: Geography Paper 1 (Section- B) 38 pages | |
| Geography Optional Paper 2- 2021 5 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2021: Geography Paper 2 (Section- A) 33 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2021: Geography Paper 2 (Section- B) 36 pages | |
2020
| Geography Optional Paper 1- 2020 3 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2020: Geography Paper 1 (Section- A) 39 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2020: Geography Paper 1 (Section- B) 39 pages | |
| Geography Optional Paper 2- 2020 5 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2020: Geography Paper 2 (Section- A) 36 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2020: Geography Paper 2 (Section- B) 35 pages | |
2019
| Geography Optional Paper 1- 2019 4 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2019: Geography Paper 1 (Section- A) 32 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2019: Geography Paper 1 (Section- B) 36 pages | |
| Geography Optional Paper 2- 2019 8 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2019: Geography Paper 2 (Section- A) 35 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2019: Geography Paper 2 (Section- B) 39 pages | |
2018
| Geography Optional Paper 1- 2018 5 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2018: Geography Paper 1 (Section- A) 36 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2018: Geography Paper 1 (Section- B) 33 pages | |
| Geography Optional Paper 2- 2018 8 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2018: Geography Paper 2 (Section- A) 32 pages | |
| UPSC Mains Answer PYQ 2018: Geography Paper 2 (Section- B) 38 pages | |
The Earth and The Universe
| GC Leong Summary: The Earth & The Universe 10 pages | |
The Earth’s Crust
| GC Leong Summary: The Earth's Crust 6 pages | |
Volcanism and Earthquakes
| GC Leong Summary: Vulcanism & Earthquakes 2 pages | |
Weathering, Mass Movement and Groundwater
| GC Leong Summary: Weathering, Mass Movement & Ground Water 6 pages | |
Landforms made by running water
| GC Leong: Summary of Landforms Made By Running Water 8 pages | |
Landforms of Glaciation
| GC Leong Summary: Landforms of Glaciation 7 pages | |
Arid or Desert Landforms
| GC Leong: Summary of Arid or Desert Landforms 9 pages | |
Limestone and Chalk Landform
| GC Leong Summary: Limestone & Chalk Landform 2 pages | |
Lakes
| GC Leong: Summary of Lakes and Its Formation 4 pages | |
Coastal Landforms
| GC Leong: Summary of Coastal Landforms 6 pages | |
Island and Coral Reefs
| GC Leong: Summary of Island and Coral Reefs 5 pages | |
The Oceans
| GC Leong Summary: The Oceans 17 pages | |
Weather
| GC Leong Summary: Weather 5 pages | |
Climate
| GC Leong Summary: Climate 13 pages | |
The Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate
| GC Leong Summary: The Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate 10 pages | |
The Tropical Monsoon and The Tropical Marine Climate
| GC Leong Summary: The Tropical Monsoon and The Tropical Marine Climate 5 pages | |
The Savanna or Sudan Climate
| GC Leong Summary: The Savanna or Sudan Climate 4 pages | |
The Hot Desert and Mid- Latitude Desert Climate
| GC Leong Summary: The Hot Desert and Mid- Latitude Desert Climate 4 pages | |
The Warm Temperate Western Margin Climate or Mediterranean Climate
| GC Leong Summary: The Warm Temperate Western Margin Climate or Mediterranean Climate 8 pages | |
The Temperate Continental or Steppe Climate
| GC Leong Summary: The Temperate Continental or Steppe Climate 4 pages | |
The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin Climate or China Type Climate
| GC Leong Summary: The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin Climate or China Type Climate 6 pages | |
The Cool Temperate Western Marine Climate or British Type Climate
| GC Leong Summary: The Cool Temperate Western Marine Climate or British Type Climate 5 pages | |
The Cool Temperate Continental or the Siberian Type Climate
| GC Leong Summary: The Cool Temperate Continental or the Siberian Type Climate 5 pages | |
The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin or Laurentian Type Climate
| GC Leong Summary: The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin or Laurentian Type Climate 4 pages | |
The Arctic or Polar Climate
| GC Leong Summary: The Arctic or Polar Climate 2 pages | |
Political Maps of Indian States
| India - Political 4 pages | |
| North India - Political 7 pages | |
| Rajasthan - Political 3 pages | |
| Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand - Political 14 pages | |
| Sikkim, West Bengal, and the North: Eastern States - Political 13 pages | |
| Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha - Political 11 pages | |
| Maharashtra, Telangana(TG) and Andhra Pradesh - Political 12 pages | |
| Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala - Political 15 pages | |
Physical Maps of Indian States
| Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab , Haryana and Uttarakhand - Physical 23 pages | |
| Rajasthan and Gujarat- Physical 8 pages | |
| Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- Physical 17 pages | |
| Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala - Physical 13 pages | |
| Sikkim, West Bengal, and the North- Eastern States- Physical 10 pages | |
| Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Goa - Physical 12 pages | |
| Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha - Physical 9 pages | |
Indian - Thematic
| India - Major Rivers 5 pages | |
| India - Physiography 3 pages | |
| India - Major Mountain Ranges 3 pages | |
| India - Natural Vegetation and Forest Cover 4 pages | |
| India - Biogeographic Zones, Wildlife and Wetlands 4 pages | |
| Major Soils in India 5 pages | |
| Major Multi Purpose Projects in India 6 pages | |
| Major Food Crops in India 4 pages | |
| Major Cash Crops in India 4 pages | |
| India - Metallic Minerals 6 pages | |
| India: Non- Metallic Minerals 4 pages | |
| India - Industries 6 pages | |
| India - Waterways 3 pages | |
| World Heritage Sites 4 pages | |
| India - Population 3 pages | |
| India - Religion and Languages 9 pages | |
| India - Mineral Belts 2 pages | |
| India's Major Nuclear Power Plant 5 pages | |
| India's Major Thermal Power Plants 4 pages | |
| India's Major Ultra Mega Projects 3 pages | |
| India's Major Hydroelectric Power Plants 6 pages | |
| Major Canals of India 5 pages | |
| Major Dams of India 5 pages | |
| Major Lakes of India 4 pages | |
| Major Plateaus of India 4 pages | |
| National Parks In India 1 page | |
| Wildlife Sanctuary 5 pages | |
| Endangered Species of India 8 pages | |
Union Territories of India
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands 4 pages | |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu 3 pages | |
| Jammu and Kashmir 4 pages | |
World
| World- Climatic Regions 4 pages | |
| World- Industrial Regions 4 pages | |
| World- Minerals and Mineral Fuels 4 pages | |
| World- Natural Disasters 4 pages | |
