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Index
Geomorphology
Introduction to Earth and Universe
Climatology
Oceanography
Biogeography
Environmental Geography
Perspectives in Human Geography (Paper 1)
Economic Geography (Paper 1)
Population and Settlement Geography (Paper 1)
Asia
Europe
North America
South- America
Africa
Australia
Antartica
Regional Planning (Paper 1)
Models, Theories & Laws in Human Geography (Paper 1)
Fundamentals of Physical Geography
India - Physical Environment
World
India
Monthly Current Affairs
World
India
Fundamentals Of Human Geography
India - People and Economy
How to Prepare for Geography Optional
NCERT Summary
Class 6 Geography
Class 7 Geography
Class 8 Geography
Class 9 Geography
Class 10 Geography
Physical Setting (Paper 2)
Resources (Paper 2)
Agriculture (Paper 2)
Industry (Paper 2)
Transport, Communication & Trade (Paper 2)
Cultural Setting (Paper 2)
Settlements (Paper 2)
Regional Development & Planning (Paper 2)
Political Aspects (Paper 2)
Contemporary Issues (Paper 2)
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Paper - I
Paper - II
The Earth and The Universe
The Earth’s Crust
Vulcanism and Earth Quakes
Weathering, Mass Movement and Ground Water
Landforms made by running water
Landforms of Glaciation
Arid or Desert Landforms
Limestone and Chalk Landform
Lakes
Coastal Landforms
Island and Coral Reefs
The Oceans
Weather
Climate
The Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate
The Tropical Monsoon and The Tropical Marine Climate
The Savanna or Sudan Climate
The Hot Desert and Mid- Latitude Desert Climate
The Warm Temperate Western Margin Climate or Mediterranean Climate
The Temperate Continental or Steppe Climate
The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin Climate or China Type Climate
The Cool Temperate Western Marine Climate or British Type Climate
The Cool Temperate Continental or the Siberian Type Climate
The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin or Laurentian Type Climate
The Arctic or Polar Climate
Mindmaps
IGNOU Notes For Geography Optionals
Political Maps of Indian States
Physical Maps of Indian States
Indian - Thematic
Union Territories of India
World
All Exams  >   UPSC  >   Geography Optional for UPSC  >   All Notes

All notes of Geography Optional for UPSC for UPSC CSE Exam

Geomorphology

Endogenic & Exogenic Forces

9 pages

Flashcards: Endogenic & Exogenic Forces

30 cards

Savindra Singh Summary : Fundamental Concepts in Geomorphology

11 pages

Savindra Singh Summary :Earth's Movement (Endogenetic and Exogenetic Forces)

15 pages

Factors Controlling Landform Development

4 pages

Savindra Singh Summary: Theories of Landform Development

8 pages

GC Leong: Summary of Arid or Desert Landforms

9 pages

GC Leong Summary: Limestone & Chalk Landform

2 pages

GC Leong Summary: Landforms of Glaciation

7 pages

Origin & Evolution of Earth's Crust

9 pages

Fundamentals of Geomagnetism

10 pages

Physical Condition of Interior of Earth

6 pages

Topic wise Previous Year Questions(Solved): Geomorphology

8 pages

Geosynclines

9 pages

PPT: Continental Drift Theory

14 pages

Continental Drift

6 pages

Savindra Singh Summary: Continents and Oceans

7 pages

Isostasy

10 pages

Plate Tectonics

11 pages

Sea Floor Spreading

5 pages

PPT: Types of Rocks & Sea Floor Spreading Theory

27 pages

Savindra Singh Summary:Theory of Isostasy

7 pages

Recent Views on Mountain Building

14 pages

Volcanicity

15 pages

Earthquakes and Tsunamis

13 pages

GC Leong Summary: Vulcanism & Earthquakes

2 pages

Concepts of Geomorphic Cycles and Landscape Development

18 pages

Channel Morphology

19 pages

Denudation Chronology

3 pages

Erosion Surfaces

8 pages

Slope Development

14 pages

Mind Map: Geomorphology

1 page

Applied Geomorphology

15 pages

Geo-Hydrology and Hydrological Cycle

6 pages

Development of Modern Landforms

71 pages

Economic Geology and Environment

5 pages

GC Leong Summary: Weathering, Mass Movement & Ground Water

6 pages

PPT: Tsunami

11 pages

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Climatology

Temperature & Pressure Belts of The World

17 pages

PPT: Pressure Belts

9 pages

Heat Budget of The Earth

4 pages

PPT: Heat Budget

8 pages

Atmospheric Circulation

12 pages

Tricellular Meridional Circulation of the Atmosphere

2 pages

PPT: Latitude & Longitude

16 pages

NCERT Summary: Composition & Structure of Atmosphere

7 pages

Atmospheric Stability & Instability

9 pages

Mind Map: Climatology

1 page

NCERT Summary: Air

2 pages

Planetary & Local Winds

11 pages

Planetary, Secondary and Local Winds

6 pages

PPT: Permanent Winds

5 pages

PPT: Periodic & Local Winds

18 pages

PPT: El Nino & La Nina- 1

9 pages

PPT: El Nino & La Nina- 2

5 pages

Monsoon & Jet Streams

12 pages

Hydrological Cycle

3 pages

Air Masses and Fronts

16 pages

Temperate & Tropical Cyclones

23 pages

PPT: Thunderstorm

9 pages

Types & Distribution of Precipitation

4 pages

PPT: Precipitation

18 pages

GC Leong Summary: Climate

13 pages

GC Leong Summary: Weather

5 pages

Topic wise Previous Year Questions (Solved) : Climatology

8 pages

NCERT Summary: Climate - 1

13 pages

NCERT Summary: Climate - 2

13 pages

Weather & Climate

27 pages

Koppen’s , Thornwaite’s & Trewar Tha’s Classification of World’s Climate

21 pages

Cheat Sheet: Climate

1 page

Flashcards: Climate

34 cards

Global Climate Change

22 pages

Applied Climatology & Urban Climate

13 pages

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Oceanography

GC Leong Summary: The Oceans

17 pages

Bottom Topography of the Atlantic, Indian & Pacific Oceans

12 pages

NCERT Summary: Movements of Ocean Water

6 pages

NCERT Summary: Water(Oceans)

7 pages

Temperature & Salinity of the Oceans

13 pages

PPT: Ocean Temperature & Salinity

14 pages

PPT: Ocean Relief

19 pages

Heat & Salt Budgets

10 pages

Ocean Resources & Ocean Deposits, Biotic, Mineral & Energy Resources

10 pages

Mind Map: Oceanography

1 page

Waves, Currents & Tides

24 pages

Topic wise Previous Year Questions (Solved) : Oceanography

8 pages

Flashcards: Oceanography

40 cards

Law of the Sea & Marine Pollution

20 pages

Coral Reefs & Coral Bleaching

10 pages

GC Leong: Summary of Island and Coral Reefs

5 pages

Sea Level Changes

7 pages

GC Leong: Summary of Lakes and Its Formation

4 pages

GC Leong: Summary of Landforms Made By Running Water

8 pages

Biogeography

Genesis of Soils

14 pages

Classification and distribution of soils

14 pages

Soil profile

7 pages

Soil Erosion

18 pages

Factors Influencing World Distribution of Plants and Animals

6 pages

Problems of deforestation and conservation measures

10 pages

Social Forestry & Agroforestry

9 pages

Wild Life

7 pages

Major Gene Pool Centres

7 pages

Cheat Sheet: Soils

1 page

GC Leong Summary: The Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate

10 pages

GC Leong: Summary of The Tropical Monsoon & Tropical Marine Climate

5 pages

GC Leong Summary: The Savanna or Sudan Climate

4 pages

GC Leong Summary: The Hot Desert and Mid- Latitude Desert Climate

4 pages

GC Leong Summary: The Warm Temperate Western Margin Climate or Mediterranean Climate

8 pages

GC Leong Summary: The Temperate Continental or Steppe Climate

4 pages

GC Leong Summary: The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin or Laurentian Type Climate

4 pages

GC Leong Summary: The Cool Temperate Continental or the Siberian Type Climate

5 pages

GC Leong Summary: The Arctic or Polar Climate

2 pages

Population and Settlement Geography (Paper 1)

Growth and Distribution of World Population

13 pages

Demographic Attributes

19 pages

NCERT Summary: Population

7 pages

Causes & Consequences of Migration

17 pages

Concepts of over-under-and optimum population

13 pages

Population Theories, World Population Problems & Policies

24 pages

Migration Theories

4 pages

Flashcards: Migration Theories

32 cards

Population as Social Capital

10 pages

Types and Patterns of Rural Settlements

10 pages

Environmental Issues in Rural Settlements

8 pages

Hierarchy of Urban Settlements

5 pages

Urban Morphology

15 pages

Concept of Primate City and Rank-Size Rule

11 pages

Functional Classification of Towns

18 pages

Topic wise Previous Year Questions (Solved) : Population and Settlement Geography

8 pages

Rural-Urban Fringe

15 pages

Mind Map : Population and Settlement Geography -1

1 page

Mind Map : Population and Settlement Geography-2

1 page

Sphere of Urban Influence

11 pages

Satellite Towns

9 pages

Problems and Remedies of Urbanization

10 pages

Sustainable Development of Cities

13 pages

Social well-being and Quality of life

8 pages

Fundamentals of Physical Geography

NCERT Textbook - Geography as a Discipline

11 pages

NCERT Textbook - The Origin and Evolution of the Earth

6 pages

NCERT Textbook - Interior of the Earth

9 pages

NCERT Textbook - Distribution of Oceans and Continents

9 pages

NCERT Textbook - Geomorphic Processes

11 pages

NCERT Textbook - Landforms and their Evolution

16 pages

NCERT Textbook - Composition and Structure of Atmosphere

4 pages

NCERT Textbook - Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature

9 pages

NCERT Textbook - Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems,

10 pages

NCERT Textbook - Water in the Atmosphere

5 pages

NCERT Textbook - World Climate and Climate Change

8 pages

NCERT Textbook - Water (Oceans)

9 pages

NCERT Textbook - Movements of Ocean Water

6 pages

NCERT Textbook - Biodiversity and Conservation

7 pages

NCERT Textbook: Life on the Earth

9 pages

NCERT Textbook: Minerals & Rocks

6 pages

India - People and Economy

NCERT Textbook - Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition

14 pages

NCERT Textbook: Human Settlements

6 pages

NCERT Textbook - Land Resources and Agriculture

20 pages

NCERT Textbook - Water Resources

12 pages

NCERT Textbook - Mineral and Energy Resources

13 pages

NCERT Textbook - Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context

9 pages

NCERT Textbook: Transport & Communication

16 pages

NCERT Textbook - Transport and Communication, Class 12, Geography

11 pages

NCERT Textbook - International Trade

9 pages

NCERT Textbook - Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

11 pages

NCERT Textbook - Migration : Types, Causes and Consequences

8 pages

NCERT Textbook: Human Development

9 pages

NCERT Textbook - Manufacturing Industries

19 pages

NCERT Summary

NCERT Summary: India Location - 1

17 pages

NCERT Summary: India - Location - 2

11 pages

NCERT Summary: Drainage System - 1

11 pages

NCERT Summary: Drainage System - 2

7 pages

NCERT Summary: Climate - 1

13 pages

NCERT Summary: Climate - 2

13 pages

NCERT Summary: Natural Vegetation - 1

10 pages

NCERT Summary: Natural Vegetation - 2

6 pages

NCERT Summary: Soils- 1

11 pages

NCERT Summary: Soils - 2

8 pages

NCERT Summary: Sugar Industry

16 pages

NCERT Summary: Our Solar System - 1

10 pages

NCERT Summary: Our Solar System - 2

10 pages

NCERT Summary: Land Forms- 1

12 pages

NCERT Summary: Land Forms - 2

9 pages

NCERT Summary: Land use & Agriculture - 1

13 pages

NCERT Summary: Land use & Agriculture- 2

14 pages

NCERT Summary: Mineral & Energy Resources- 1

11 pages

NCERT Summary: Mineral & Energy Resources - 2

13 pages

NCERT Summary: Transport & Communication - 1

8 pages

NCERT Summary: Transport & Communication - 2

9 pages

NCERT Summary: Composition & Structure of Atmosphere

7 pages

Physical Setting (Paper 2)

Space Relationship of India with Neighbouring Countries

15 pages

Structure & Relief

12 pages

Drainage System & Watersheds

20 pages

Physiographic Regions- 1

21 pages

Physiographic Regions- 2

20 pages

Mind Map : Physical Setting

1 page

Flashcards: Introduction to Physiographic Regions- 2

36 cards

Flashcards: Introduction to Physiographic Regions- 1

44 cards

Mechanism of Indian Monsoons & Rainfall Patterns

19 pages

Tropical Cyclones & Western Disturbances

19 pages

Floods & Droughts

14 pages

Climatic Regions

4 pages

PPT: Climate

14 pages

Natural Vegetation

13 pages

Soil Types and their Distributions

12 pages

Cheat Sheet: The Himalayas

1 page

NCERT Summary: India Location - 1

17 pages

NCERT Summary: India - Location - 2

11 pages

PPT: Deserts

41 pages

Flashcards: Deserts

30 cards

PPT: Coastal Islands

12 pages

PPT: Coastal Plains- 1

10 pages

PPT: Coastal Plains- 2

9 pages

Flashcards: Indian Coastal Plains and the Islands

16 cards

PPT: Passes of Peninsula

4 pages

PPT: Peninsular India- 1

18 pages

PPT: Peninsular India- 2

10 pages

Flashcards: Peninsular Plateau

40 cards

PPT: Indo-Gangetic Plains

27 pages

PPT: Himalayas

20 pages

Flashcards: Himalayas: Northern Mountains

40 cards

PPT: Indian Geography

9 pages

PPT: Soil- 1

15 pages

PPT: Soil- 2

38 pages

Flashcards: Soils

40 cards

PPT: Drainage System

22 pages

Flashcards: Drainage Systems

40 cards

Flashcards: Indo Gangetic Plains

36 cards

Agriculture (Paper 2)

Infrastructure: Irrigation

9 pages

Land Holdings, Land Tenure and Land Reforms

6 pages

NCERT Summary: Land use & Agriculture - 1

13 pages

NCERT Summary: Land use & Agriculture- 2

14 pages

PPT: Agriculture

9 pages

Cropping Pattern, Agricultural Productivity & Intensity, Crop Combination, Land Capability

50 pages

Agro and Social-Forestry

6 pages

Green Revolution and Its Socio-Economic and Ecological Implications

8 pages

Significance of Dry Farming

4 pages

Livestock Resources and White Revolution

4 pages

Aqua-Culture

6 pages

Mind Map: Agriculture

1 page

Sericulture, Agriculture and Poultry

12 pages

Agricultural Regionalisation

10 pages

Agro-Climatic Zones

13 pages

Agro-Ecological Regions

23 pages

Institutional Factors

10 pages

Cheat Sheet: Agriculture & Food Management

1 page

Contemporary Issues (Paper 2)

Ecological Issues: Environmental Hazards: Landslides, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Floods & Droughts -1

12 pages

Ecological Issues: Environmental Hazards: Landslides, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Floods & Droughts -2

15 pages

Issues Related to Environmental Pollution; Changes in Patterns of Land Use

3 pages

Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Management

11 pages

Population Explosion & Food Security

7 pages

Environmental Degradation

16 pages

Mind Map: Contemporary Issues

1 page

Deforestation

8 pages

Problems of Agrarian & Industrial Unrest

7 pages

Regional Disparities in Economic Development

8 pages

Concept of Sustainable Growth and Development

9 pages

Environmental Awareness

3 pages

Linkage of Rivers

25 pages

Globalisation & Indian Economy

5 pages

Soil Erosion, Degradation, and Conservation

16 pages

The Warm Temperate Western Margin Climate or Mediterranean Climate

GC Leong Summary: The Warm Temperate Western Margin Climate or Mediterranean Climate

8 pages

The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin Climate or China Type Climate

GC Leong Summary: The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin Climate or China Type Climate

6 pages

The Cool Temperate Western Marine Climate or British Type Climate

GC Leong Summary: The Cool Temperate Western Marine Climate or British Type Climate

5 pages

The Cool Temperate Continental or the Siberian Type Climate

GC Leong Summary: The Cool Temperate Continental or the Siberian Type Climate

5 pages

The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin or Laurentian Type Climate

GC Leong Summary: The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin or Laurentian Type Climate

4 pages

Indian - Thematic

India - Climate

5 pages

India - Major Rivers

5 pages

India - Physiography

3 pages

India - Major Mountain Ranges

3 pages

India - Natural Vegetation and Forest Cover

4 pages

India - Biogeographic Zones, Wildlife and Wetlands

4 pages

Major Soils in India

5 pages

Major Multi Purpose Projects in India

6 pages

Major Food Crops in India

4 pages

Major Cash Crops in India

4 pages

India - Metallic Minerals

6 pages

India: Non- Metallic Minerals

4 pages

India - Industries

6 pages

India - Waterways

3 pages

World Heritage Sites

4 pages

India - Population

3 pages

India - Religion and Languages

9 pages

India - Mineral Belts

2 pages

India - Railways

4 pages

India's Major Nuclear Power Plant

5 pages

India's Major Thermal Power Plants

4 pages

India's Major Ultra Mega Projects

3 pages

India's Major Hydroelectric Power Plants

6 pages

Major Canals of India

5 pages

Major Dams of India

5 pages

Major Lakes of India

4 pages

Major Plateaus of India

4 pages

National Parks In India

1 page

Wildlife Sanctuary

5 pages

Endangered Species of India

6 pages

Geography Optional for UPSC

304 videos|717 docs|259 tests

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Revision notes for Geography Optional for UPSC 2025 is part of UPSC CSE exam preparation. The notes have been prepared according to the UPSC CSE exam syllabus. The revision notes, tests & MCQs are made for UPSC CSE 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.

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